فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی
پیاپی 78 (زمستان 1402)

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) psychotherapy in increasing ego development and decreasing self-destructiveness. The research design of the present study was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of those students of Tehran and Shahid Beheshti universities whose scores on the Beck Depression Scale indicated moderate or severe depression. The sample was selected by the purposive sampling method and 12 subjects were assigned for each experimental and control group according to entry and exit criteria. Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (Kelley et al.,1985), Washington University Sentences Completion Test (Manners & Durkin, 2001), Beck Depression Inven- tory-II (1996), and the depression subscales of Symptom CheckList‒90 (Derogates & Cleary, 1977) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used for data gathering. The experimental group was treated with CCRT psychotherapy, individually. Both groups were evaluated at the beginning, middle, and end of the treatment and one and three months after finishing the treatment in order to evaluate treatment effects. Data were an- alyzed through the variance analysis of repeated measures on one factor. The trend analysis showed that in the exper- imental group, CCRT psychotherapy led to a decrease in self-destructiveness (with two indices of the score of CSDS and depression symptoms) by helping to improve ego development. The application of psychotherapy tech

his study aimed to investigate the mediating role of Emotion Inhibition in the relationship between Emotional awareness levels and life events with executive functions. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 400 clients) 117 men and 283 women) of counseling centers in Dorud, Khorramabad and Boroujerd were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the Emotion Inhibition Scale (Kellner,1986), Emotional Awareness Levels Scale (Lane & Schwartz ,1987), Checklist Life Events (Weathers, et al. 2013), Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (Barkley, 2011). Structural equation modeling analysis showed that emotion inhibition can mediate the relationship between emotional awareness levels and life events with deficits in executive functioning. The direct effects of emotion inhibition and executive functions were positive and significant. The indirect effects of life events and executive functions were positive and significant. The indirect effect of emotional awareness levels and executive functions were negative and significant, findings can be said that emotional inhibition mediates the relationship between emotional awareness levels and executive functions negatively and the relationship between life events and executive functions is positive and significant.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury, taking into account the mediating role of positive and negative dimensions of self-compassion. The current study is basic in its purpose and descriptive-correlational in its approach to data collection. The statistical population included adolescents aged 13 to 18 who were enrolled in the 2021-2022 school year. A convenience sample of 575 adolescents was selected, and completed Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein et.al, 2003), Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS; Klonsky & Glenn, 2009), and Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003).The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling and showed a direct and statistically significant correlation between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents. Also, the model based on the mediating effect of positive and negative dimensions of self-compassion between childhood abuse and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents had a good fit with the data. As a result of confirming childhood abuse as a variable related to self-injury and also confirming the mediating role of self-compassion in this relationship, by identifying and training focused on self-compassion to adolescents who have been abused in childhood, non-suicidal self-injury can be prevented.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gross model based emotion regulation training on adolescent and adulthood on pro-social behavior. Among all types of pro-social behavior defending and including were selected and studied for the effectiveness of emotional regulation on them. The study used a quasi-experimental pretest - posttest design with control group. Among all first-year undergraduate students, 30 students including 20 female and 10 male students were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental (15 students) and control groups (15 students) and responded to the Multidimensional Measure of Prosocial Behavior (Nielson, Padilla-Walker & Holmes, 2017). Then, the experimental group received eight sessions of ninety minutes duration of Emotional Regulation Training based on the Grass model, and at the end, a post-test was conducted for both groups. The data was analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance test. The results showed that training emotional regulation strategies has resulted in an increase in prosocial behaviors. According to the findings, it can be said that after training emotion regulation strategies, people are able to modify and process information about others and adjust the intensity of emotional response to achieve an average level of primary reaction and effective subsequent return to normal emotional state. The need for emotional regulation and the importance of its strategies in teenagers and young adults in educational situations was discussed.

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between theory of mind and social skills mediated by empathy and emotion regulation in primary school children. The study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population was girls in the sixth grade of primary school in Tabriz in 2022. Using random multistage cluster method 375 students were selected and completed Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (Matson,1983), Theory of Mind Test (Steerneman, 1994), Empathy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (Overgaauw, Rieffe, Broekhof, Crone & Güroğlu, 2017) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Shield & Cicchetti, 1997). Data were an- alyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that there was no significant relationship between theory of mind and social skills. There was a positive relationship between theory of mind and empathy and emotion regulation as well as between empathy and emotion regulation with social skills. Empathy and emotion regulation could significantly mediate the relationship between theory of mind and social skills. Hence, the research indicates that social skills can be improved by improving theory of mind and simultaneously improving empathy and emotion regulation Keywords: emotion regulation, empathy, social skills, theory of mind

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of ego-strength in the relationship between sleep quality and psychoso- matic symptoms. Among the female students of the conservatory in the academic year of 1401-1402, 300 persons were selected using the available sampling method. Participants completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989), Psychosomatic Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ-39; Lacourt, Houtveen & Doornen, 2013) and Ego-Strength Scale (ESS; Besharat, 2016). Results showed there is a significant positive relationship between sleep quality and psychosomatic symptoms and both sleep quality and psychosomatic symptoms have a significant negative correlation with ego strength. Results also revealed that ego-strength mediated the relation- ship between sleep quality and psychosomatic symptoms.

This study aimed to investigate the mediation roll of fear of missing out in the relationship between adult attachment dimensions and social media addiction for this purpose, a sample size of 444) 304 female, 140 male) Iranian adults aged 18 or above were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants filled out the Mobile-based Social Media Addition Scale (Khaje Ahmadi, Puladi & Bahreini, 2016), The Experience in Close Relationships-Revised Scale (Baek, Cho & Kim, 2014) and the Fear of Missing out Scale (Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan & Gladwell, 2013). The result showed that anxious attachment dimension positively predict social media addiction, avoidant attachment dimension also positively predict social media addiction. Fear of missing out could only mediate the relationship between anxious attachment dimension and social media addiction moreover it was unexpected that neither dimension of adult attachment could moderate the relationship between the other dimension of attachment and fear of missing out and social media addiction.

The aim of present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire. In this study, 293 referrals to the psychiatric clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Tehran in 2019 were selected by convenience sampling method. Evaluation of the individuals was performed using Structured-Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS), Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire )Manicavasagar, Silove, Wagner & Drobny, 2003), and brief form of Psychological Symptoms Checklist (Najarian & Davodi, 2001). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential indicators. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-factor structure of the questionnaire. Also, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate. The correlation coefficients of the score of this questionnaire with the structured clinical interview and the checklist of psychological symptoms indicated a good convergent validity for the questionnaire. The correlation coefficients for the clinical interview of childhood separation anxiety, the adult separation anxiety interview, and the list of psychological symptoms, were 0.52, 0.63, and 0.55 respectively. Also, a score of 3 3 with sensitivity of 95.5 and specificity of 84.2 was showed as the best cut off score. The findings of the present study show that the Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire has good psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool for clinical and research purposes.