نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 53، بهار 1403)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of V. agnus-castus powder on the performance, blood parameters, immune system, microbial population and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. To conduct the experiment, 300 one-day-old male chickens of ROSS 308 strain were used in the form of a completely random design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates, with each replicate containing 15 chickens. The experimental treatments were, respectively: 1) control with basic diet (without additives), 2) basic diet + 1% V. agnus-castus powder, 3) basic diet + 2% V. agnus-castus powder, and 4) basic diet + 3% V. agnus-castus powder. The results showed that the feed intake, final weight and weight gain of the treatments containing 2 and 3% of V. agnus-castus had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.01). Cholesterol concentration in the treatments containing 2 and 3% V. agnus-castus had a significant decrease compared to the control (P<0.05). The width of the intestinal villi of the chickens that were fed with 2 and 3% V. agnus-castus had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.05). In general, the results showed that the use of 3% V. agnus-castus powder in the broiler diet had a higher efficiency in improving the growth performance, strengthening the immune system and improving the intestinal microbial population.

Portulaca oleracea purslane nanoparticles and probiotic bacteria, which are living and useful microorganisms, which, by affecting the digestive enzymes of animals and humans, inhibit carcinogens in the body and laboratory conditions and compounds that induce cancer and tumors in laboratory animals, play an effective role in They perform to fight cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Portulaca oleracea purslane nanoparticles and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic bacteria extract on CacoII cell line on the expression of CASPAS8 and CASPAS9 genes.

In this study, which was conducted experimentally, the supernatant was isolated from the culture of Lactobacillus plantarum. Then, the effects of the cytotoxicity of the supernatant isolated from the bacteria and Portulaca oleracea purslane nanoparticles as well as the bacteria on the CacoII colon cancer cell line during The time of 24, 48 and 72 hours was checked using MTT method. Also, the expression of CASP8 and CASP9 genes was checked using Real Time PCR method.

Supernatant containing Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria reduces cell proliferation. The obtained results showed that the inhibitory percentage of Lactobacillus plantarum supernatant on CacoII cancer cells, CASP8 and CASP9 genes had a significant increase in expression during 48 hours.

Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria and Portulaca oleracea purslane nanoparticles can be used to create a new therapeutic solution with high effect, low side effects, biologically safe and less expensive for the treatment and prevention of colon cancer.

Two of the most important issues which nowadays are raised in the field of radiotherapy and medical physics, are treatment planning and dosimetry. Also, one of other important issues in radiotherapy practice is the required irradiation time, and the issue of how much time a patient must lie under radiation, because a patient being over-exposed under radiotherapy practice can cause serious damage to the healthy tissues, and being underexposed may also cause lesion and cancerous tumor to fail to be treated well. Thus, in this research, establishing a relationship between treatment planning and dosimetry causes determining the required irradiation time for a patient in a way that it will cause much more accuracy in radiotherapy practice. As specifying the geometry and dimensions of some of the very thin tissues, like skin and mucus tissues, and also their modeling are not possible for the calculation of the absorbed dose, some of the different models of phantoms can be applied as soft tissues. Thus, using treatment planning and also a precise dosimetry can help determine the required irritation time for a tissue, which is a vital parameter in radiotherapy practice. This prevents an overdose of radiation and protects healthy tissues of the body.

This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of adding different levels of Zirfon flower powder to the diet on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immune system status and antioxidant indices of broiler chickens during 3 periods for 42 days. The number of 300 one-day-old chicks of ROSS-308 strain was assigned to 4 experimental treatments with 5 repetitions and each repetition with 15 chickens in the form of a completely random design. The experimental treatments included 1) control diet (without additive), 2) control diet + 1% Zirfon flower powder, 3) control diet + 2% Zirfon flower powder and 4) control diet + 3% Zirfon flower powder. The results of the experiment showed that the amount of feed intake in the entire breeding period in the treatments containing 2 and 3% of Zirfon flowers was significantly increased compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). The amount of total serum protein, antibody titer produced against sheep red blood cells, number of lymphocytes and percentage of carcass in the treatment containing 3% of Zirfon flower had a significant increase with the control treatment (P<0.05). Also, the addition of different levels of Zirfon flower to the diet, significantly increased the concentration of glutathione peroxidase enzyme in the liver tissue (P<0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, 3% of Zirfon can be considered as an additive that stimulates feed intake and improves the immune system and antioxidants in the diet of broiler chickens.

The Keratinase enzyme produced by Bacillus is used to break down raw keratin and produce animal and poultry feed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimization of keratinase-producing bacillus to decompose and provide a protein source for animal feed.

This experimental-laboratory study was conducted in 1401 on chicken slaughterhouse samples. Heat treatment, alcohol treatment, and polymerase chain reaction were used to isolate Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) strains. To optimally check keratinase activity, keratinase was precipitated by ammonium sulfate method. Comparison of the mean changes and standard deviation of keratinase before and after optimization was done with Tukey's one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test and data analysis was done with SPSS-26 (p<0.05).

(85.57 ± 0.64 units/ml) keratinase activity of B. licheniformis strain PVKR15 was higher than other strains. The total keratinase activity after optimization was 800 units/ml and before optimization was 500 units/ml. pH, temperature, heating time, creatine source, and creatine concentration to optimize conditions respectively; 11, 37 degrees Celsius, 72 hours, and azocreatine at a concentration of 10 g/l. There was a significant difference between the keratinase activity of B. licheniformis PVKR15 with pH, temperature, creatine source, creatine concentration, and incubation time (p<0.05).

B. licheniformis PVKR15 has a useful and effective role in the growth of animals to break down keratin as a probiotic supplement for livestock and poultry feed

Cancer is still one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Although researchers have studied many of the complex processes that lead to cancer and metastasis and have made good progress in this field, there is still no effective treatment for cancer. One of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment is the release of drugs into the bloodstream and the fact that the effective dose of the drug does not reach the cancerous tissue, causing patients to use a higher dose of the drug and take the drug repeatedly, leading to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, for effective treatment of cancer, drug delivery systems that can deliver the effective dose of the drug to the target tissue and overcome the above limitations must be used. Researchers have enlisted the help of nanoscience and various nanostructures to target and deliver an effective dose of the drug. Meanwhile, protein nanoparticles are one of the nanostructures that can be a good alternative for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules, as they are abundant in natural sources, biocompatible, and biodegradable, easily synthesized, potentially non-toxic, and surface modifiable. and be a promising treatment for various types of diseases, including cancer.