نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 76 (پاییز 1403)

Due to the inefficiency of urban management in managing the urban physical development, area growth rate of Iran cities is more than population growth rate of them. Therefore, this article analyzes growth management of spatial development in Amol, explain appropriate growth management pattern and its effect on indices in urban spatial development. In this pattern the responsibility for ghrowth management was firstly determined as a local responsibility for urban management and the city council as the local affairs policymaker is responsible for growth management and monitoring of  actors and then the role and means of relationship between effective actors in growth urban has been identified. Data were collected through in depth interview and field observations. Case study in this article are all organizations influencing the urban growth including the municipality, urban council, construction engineering organization, mass production association of housing and construction, office of road and urban development and other organizations providing urban installation. Results from growth management pattern in Amol show that management actions just influenced on building density increase by preference coefficient 0.49 and did not benefited from other capacities of spatial development like brown fields by preference coefficient 0.32 and incompatible urban spaces by preference coefficient 0.19 which one of the reasons of this can be sought in dependency of urban incomes on increasing building density.

Education is the most fundamental process for maintaining awareness and maintaining the quality and quantity of society's knowledge, and the educational content of each discipline is the key to achieving it. This process, due to the rapid changes in the fields of urban knowledge and in parallel with the changes in urban conditions and problems and their complexity, has increased the expectations of the Master's course in urban planning. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the degree of adaptability of the educational content of the master's course in urban planning with the content of the urban planning engineer service system in the form of professional needs of engineers and urban managers. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and uses quantitative and survey content analysis methods. The method of data collection is library and questionnaire. The findings of the research show that the components of "Urban Land Use Adaptation Plan" and "Land Preparation Plans" have received the most attention and the "Design and Supervision of Construction Groups" component has received the least attention in compulsory and optional courses. The results show that the current teaching content of the master's course in urban planning does not properly establish the two-way communication between the profession and the discipline within the framework of the targeted educational content and in accordance with the realities and professional needs of engineers and urban managers. This low correlation is due to the small overlap of the content of some analytical courses (mandatory and optional) with the percentage of the components and categories related to the service system of urban engineers, which has been revised in order to be more adaptable to the professional needs of engineers and urban managers. In the educational content of the course or change in the type and number of hours of the main course is necessary.

The rapid population growth and expansion of industrial, commercial, and service activities in most metropolitan areas of Iran have led to the generation of vast amounts of waste. On average, more than 60,000 tons of waste are produced daily in Iran, a figure significantly higher than the global average. However, waste management and processing systems in the country have not developed at a comparable rate. Recycling is among the most critical measures for managing urban solid waste. Proper management of this process requires identifying the factors influencing recycling behaviors. This study aims to examine the factors affecting citizens' participatory behavior in recycling for waste management in Shiraz and to determine the significance of each factor using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The statistical population consists of Shiraz residents. Using Cochran’s formula with a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 0.05, a sample size of 384 individuals was selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire. SPSS and LISREL software were employed to analyze the data, test the hypotheses, and assess the normality of the data. 
The results reveal that: 
- Positive attitude** significantly influences recycling intentions (T-statistic: 3.26, path coefficient β = 0.38). 
- Subjective norms** also show a significant impact (T-statistic: 4.86, β = 0.25). 
- Perceived behavioral control** exhibits the strongest influence (T-statistic: 8.18, β = 0.59). 
Additionally, recycling intention (T-statistic: 7.79, β = 0.34) has a positive and direct impact on recycling behavior. The study identifies "perceived behavioral control" as the strongest predictor of recycling intention and the most influential factor overall.

The sociability of open space plays a significant role in improving the quality of life of people living in deprived areas. Dar-e-Ghale Square (Iziy village, Sabzevar) as a sociable space plays an important role in social life of the villagers. Over time, this square has suffered from its severe decay and destruction which may affect its sociability. In this regard, since the sociability of public spaces has a great effect on social health of residents of deprived areas, this study firstly has attempted to explain this correlation by a conceptual model, and then has tried to present some design principles that may enhance the square sociability character. In this regard, on the basis of Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and religious participation survey, the main social activities of residents and the most important challenges of square in case of its sociability were gathered from the 350 participants via questionnaire. And tehn, on the basis of presented conceptual model, relevant design principles for Dar-e Ghal-e square have been presented. According to this study three dimension of space named semantic, functional, and spatial-physical components support the sociability of spaces. Furthermore, the findings showed the most important social activities which are taking place in the Dar-e Ghal-e square include participating in ceremonies and events, attending the mosque, face-to-face talking with friends, and playing local games. Also, three main problems of the square include of lack of suitable space for sitting, lack of green space, and the decay of buildings around the square, respectively.

The existence of economic issues, the use of low-quality materials and the construction of low-quality residential buildings have caused problems in the construction industry, especially in the facade of buildings, and it has somehow distanced itself from its native design. Such issues can be seen in Sari city, which has caused the urban spaces and people's living areas to turn into a dull and minimally attractive environment by creating visual disturbances. The aim of the research is to design the facades of residential buildings in Sari city by sampling the components used in the facades of historical and indigenous houses in Sari. The descriptive-analytical research method is of a qualitative type and in terms of the developmental-applicative goal, in which information is collected in the form of a library. Also, in order to get a more accurate understanding of the facades of residential houses in Sari, 14 samples of the facades of contemporary houses and 4 samples of the facades of native houses in Sari were evaluated with the method of field sampling and face-to-face interviews by individuals. Then, according to the analysis of evaluations and findings, in order to provide facade design strategies, the facade components of traditional and historical Sari houses have been studied. The results of the research show that the facade of native houses has sensory-visual perceptions and specific physical elements, which respectively include: (rhythm, repetition, balance, proportion and symmetry) and (entrance, staircase, semi-open spaces, openings, columns, plinths, etc. frames, sloping roof, decorations, coloring, native materials) which are the main components of the pillars and functional components of the facade. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a favorable view by taking a sample from them.

Urban and citizen health is one of the most prominent concepts and outputs of urban management and strategic planning in the country, and its objective and operational assessment will provide new and noteworthy dimensions in the field of realizing citizen rights, especially in the field of urban management pragmatists. The present study aims to examine what objective effects and results the reflection of citizen rights in the field of urban health, especially from the perspective of law and its pragmatists, has had on the social and urban life of the central area of ​​Qom city. In this study, which is an applied study and is based on the descriptive-analytical survey method, 384 questionnaires were distributed among the citizens of the area, and along with interviews, observations, and imaging, they formed the main framework for analyzing raw data. The results of this research, with the approach of objective studies of urban health instances from the perspective of environmental dimensions in the central area of ​​Qom city using Lisrel and SPSS software, show that despite the centrality of this region in detail and the importance of Qom city at the macro and national levels as one of the important religious-tourist cities of Iran and the Shiite world, despite relative improvement compared to previous years, it still faces obvious and hidden challenges in the field of physical, environmental and visual issues, which has created the basis for some challenges to the social, mental and physical health of citizens and, consequently, the lack of urban vitality and vitality for the citizens of this region.

In this study, the relationship between religious beliefs and drivers' tendency to commit driving violations is sought to answer the question of what relationship do religious beliefs have with drivers' tendency to commit positive driving behaviors by identifying two goals: to identify the relationship between religious beliefs and practicing religious duties and drivers' tendency to commit violations. This research is a correlational research in terms of research method. The statistical population of all violating passenger cars in Tehran is 27,976,752. The number of samples from these cars was 384. The sampling method was also multi-stage cluster probability and statistical analyses such as descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Friedman test, statistical charts, etc. were performed with the SPLS software. The findings show that there is a significant but inverse relationship between the two variables of religious beliefs and the performance of religious duties and the tendency of drivers to commit violations. The results show that the country's clergy and scholars, given that a significant level of society and citizens pay attention to their advice and reminders, can be successful in teaching and educating traffic behavior in various aspects. By promoting religious beliefs and performing religious and moral duties, they can be effective through teaching desirable traffic behavior at different levels of society and develop positive driving behaviors in the direction of collectivism and satisfaction of God Almighty in driving, and to some extent guarantee the health of citizens.

Among the factors that make up the body and shape of a building are its facades. In past architecture, geometrical and arithmetic proportions and architectural systems have been used in the facades of important buildings. However, no significant research has been done on how common geometric structures are in traditional schools. The Safavid period is the peak period of the architecture of Isfahan city, especially the architecture of the schools of this city. The purpose of this research is to extract geometric and arithmetic proportions, architectural systems and their frequency in the facades of Safavid schools in Isfahan city. For this purpose, 3 schools have been analyzed. According to the selected architectural systems 4, 5 and 6, the golden and arithmetic ratios, the number of horizontal and vertical axes and the amount of hollow space of each facade were checked. The different results obtained indicate that architectural system 4 was found in none and architectural system 6 was found in most facades. Among the golden proportions used in the horizontal and vertical axis of school facades, the Iranian golden rectangle is more abundant. Often, the golden ratios of 1.618 and 1.41 have not been used continuously throughout the entire length of a facade. In the porches, golden ratios are used only in the vertical axis of the porch of Nim Avard school. In each view, the number of main openings and the vertical axis is an odd number, and the horizontal axis is an even number. Despite the difference in length in each view, the percentage of open and semi-open space is the same in all views of a school.