مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 133، فروردین 1403)

The compliance of medical centers and hospitals with ethical and religious standards in providing health care services to patients is important. The present study to investigate the factors effective in complying with the standards of the Holy Sharia in hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2021.

This is a qualitative study. While reviewing the literature and focus-group meetings, the primary components of the study model were determined. By holding a three-day workshop, 20 experts were selected by a purposive sampling method and were asked for their opinions about the measures using the Delphi method. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22.

The content validity ratio of each measure was greater than 0.79. The reliability of the measurements was also confirmed using Cronbach’s α coefficient (α=0.89). The identified components were classified into seven themes (human resources, dress codes, facilities/equipment, physical space, organization/planning, training/empowerment, facilities/cultural space) and 50 measures. Also, the results of model validation in hospital departments led to the idetifications of 11 themes and 46 measures.

The proposed model for assessing the compliance of hospitals with the standards of the Holy Sharia can be used as a framework for evaluating the compliance of hospitals in Iran.

Proper clinical learning in operating room students is very important. This study aims to find the effective factors for improving the clinical learning of operating room students in Iran.

This is a qualitative study using conventional content analysis method that was conducted in 2022. Participants were 15 students in the operating room technology from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, who were selected purposefully. Semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The data analysis was done using qualitative content analysis method.

Four main themes were extracted as effective factors in improving the clinical learning of operating room students: Characteristics of the clinical instructor (scientific knowledge, ethical-behavioral characteristics, managerial skills), the use of appropriate training methods (using scientific and modern methods, using new teaching methods, teaching in a practical way and gaining experience), emotional/psychological support of students (creating learning opportunities for students, instilling a sense of confidence in students, instilling a sense of worth in students, appropriate and professional behavior with students), educational/hospital facilities and equipment (attention to clinical facilities and consumables, attention to hospital amenities).

The characteristics of the clinical instructor, the use of appropriate teaching methods, emotional-psychological support of student, and the existence of educational/hospital facilities and equipment are effective factors for improving the clinical learning of operating room students in Iran.

Management is the core of any organization. To select competent managers for organizations, the identification of the indicators of competence are needed. This study aims to identify the components of competency for the managers of comprehensive health service centers in Qom, Iran.

In this qualitative-quantitative (mixed-method) study, the competency components of the managers were identified by using library method, interviews with experts, and a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed in three Delphi rounds by 31 experts.

Three dimensions of competency included human competence (ranked first with a mean of 4.316), technical competency (ranked second with a mean of 4.310) and perceptual-conceptual competency (ranked third with a mean of 4.252). Also, 13 competence components were identified, including problem solving and diagnosis skills, knowledge of effective environmental factors, familiarity with related technical knowledge, self-management, behavioral competence, knowledge of human resources, organizational intelligence, motivation and spirit to serve, teamwork, systemic thinking, strategic thinking, crisis management and capacity to learn from experiences.

The competency for the managers of comprehensive health service centers in Iran has three dimensions (technical, human, and perceptual-conceptual) and 13 components.

Leukemia is commonest cancer in children. Incidence and survival rate of leukemia in different area of world is various because of continental situation and environmental, genetic and race, cultural, social and economic factors. Gole of this study is assessment of survival rate in ALL & AML children in Qom and effective factor on it.aterials and

MMethod of this Study was historical cohort on all children hospitalized in Oncology’s ward of Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom from 1386-1401.We have gotten informations from hospital’s folder of patients and A Questionnaire arranged from first part of TOPQOL questionnaire and Sibe questionnaire of Health Ministry.It complete by Telephone interview. Statistic analysis has been done by Cox Regression model and STATA software. Correlation of all variables as: age, sex, habitation, age and weight of birth, blood group & RH and ect According to Rahimi study with 0/8-1 validity & 0/05-0/95 stability checked with survival rate.

In this study assessed very variables that probably affected on appearing leukemia in 196 children by frequency & descriptive analysis and correlation. Only blood group and RH related with survival rate. Decreased survival rate in O blood group, positive RH and Mean of Survival rate variable in ALL group.was 102±59/4 & in AML group was 81/5±44/2.

 blood group and RH influenced on increase chance of affection leukemia. Mean of Survival rate variable in ALL group.was 102±59/4 & in AML group was 81/5±44/2. Conclusion survival rate in ALL group is longer than AML group.Keywords: AML, ALL, children, survival rate

Professional identity consists of beliefs and values with multiple components. These components are influenced by experiences, family upbringing, and the governing culture. This study aims to survey the experiences of Iranian medical students and graduates regarding their perception of professional identity.

This is a phenomenological study using Colaizzi’s approach and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 master students and graduates in medical education (males and females with a mean age of 32 years) from medical universities in Iran (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Ministry of Health and Medical Education). Lincoln and Guba (1994)’s criteria were used to achieve trustworthiness.

The analysis of the interviews led to the extraction of two main themes and four subthemes. The main themes were fixed professional identity (professor’s role modeling, effective curriculum content, academic-personality development) and distorted professional identity (unfavorable academic and professional experiences)

The Iranian medical students and graduates experience their professional identity during their studies and career in two fixed and distorted forms, among which the fixed form is experienced more, where professors’ role modeling and adherence to professional ethics are the most effective factors

Organizational trust in nurses leads to effective communication and cooperation, improvement of performance, improvement of care and treatment matters, improvement and promotion of health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the studies conducted in the field of organizational trust in Iranian nurses.

This systematic study has examined the articles published in the years 2011-2021 from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, IranDoc, Web of Sciences, Magiran in both Persian and English languages. key words; Organizational trust, nurse and Iran were used in Persian sources and In Iran, nurse, organizational trust, trust and its Mesh equivalents using OR and AND operators. Out of 183  studies that investigated the organizational trust of nurses in Iran, after evaluating the quality of the articles, 15  articles were considered eligible and included in the study.

The results of extracting the findings of 15 articles (4 English articles and 11 Farsi articles) showed that 43% of the studies reported the level of organizational trust of nurses at an average level and 57% at an above average and high level. 53% Studies have only addressed the factors affecting organizational trust and did not report the level of organizational trust. Factors affecting nurses' organizational trust include individual factors (marital status, morale and psychological capital) and various organizational factors (organizational support, organizational changes, nurses' knowledge sharing, functional behaviors, work environment dimensions, teamwork, organizational culture, institutional unity, psychological empowerment , organizational health, organizational learning, organizational commitment, job rotation, job motivation, interactive justice, job satisfaction, productivity and spiritual leadership.(

The organizational trust of about half of the nurses is above average and high. In order to achieve more organizational health, prevent conflicts and improve the quality of nursing care, managers of the health care system in planning and making decisions should consider individual and organizational factors affecting organizational trust and in order to promote a more favorable state of organizational trust to try.

Several factors can affect the family stability one of which is the sexual satisfaction of couples. This study aims to determine the factors related to sexual satisfaction based on the Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in terms of Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model in women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Torbat Heydariyeh, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 married women covered by the comprehensive health service centers of Torbat Heydariyeh County in 2019 participated. The collection tool was the 47-item Enrich marital satisfaction scale and a researcher-made questionnaire for finding the factors related to sexual satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20, using Pearson’s correlation test and linear regression analysis.

Sexual satisfaction of women had a significant and weak correlation with knowledge (r=0.18), attitude (r=0.25) and predisposing factors (r=0.35) (P<0.001). Attitude and predisposing factors could significantly predict 20% of the variance in sexual satisfaction (P<0.001).

Knowledge and attitude towards sexual issues and the predisposing factors have a significant relationship with sexual satisfaction of women in Torbat Heydariyeh. Considering the predictive role of attitude and predisposing factors, it is recommended to use appropriate interventions to prevent the family disintegration by emphasizing these factors.

Communication skills are an effective way to improve the quality of care and increase job satisfaction. Considering the tremendous impact of communication skills and attention to the dimensions of people's personality, which has a significant impact on people's job satisfaction, the purpose of this study is to determine communication skills and its relationship with personality traits and job satisfaction in nurses of hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. This study was conducted with a simple random cluster sampling method on 184 nurses from hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences. Information was collected through online questionnaires of communication skills, job satisfaction and personality traits. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. In this study, p was considered less than 0.05.

According to the results of this study, communication skills and personality traits have 47% ability to predict job satisfaction. Also, 65.9% of the participants have average job satisfaction.

Considering that in this study, nurses' job satisfaction was at an average level. Therefore, managers and relevant officials should take measures to improve the job satisfaction of nurses, who are one of the pillars of the medical staff.

An emerging virus called coronavirus was detected in China in December 2019 and spread rapidly across the world. The corona virus epidemic has put a lot of pressure on the healthcare systems. In this high-risk situation, it is necessary to identify people prone to mental disorders with mental health risks at different levels of society. In the meantime, it is necessary to pay attention to nurses due to the importance of their presence in the inpatient wards of corona patients. This study was designed to examine the mental health status of nurses working in COVID-19 wards compared to those working in non-COVID wards at Valiasr hospital in Birjand in 2022.

In this descriptive-comparative study, nurses working in the wards of Covid-19 (n=107) and other wards of Valiasr Birjand Hospital (n=124) participated in 1401. These individuals were selected using simple random sampling from the list of nurses working in corona wards and in non-corona wards. The questionnaires used in this study included the demographic and occupational information form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale.

According to the results of the present study, the mean score of mental anxiety and total anxiety in nurses working in corona wards was significantly higher than that of nurses working in non-corona wards (P < 0.05), but the difference in the mean score of physical anxiety and depression in the two the group of nurses studied was not statistically significant.

Considering the high level of general anxiety and mental anxiety in nurses working in the corona ward, it is necessary to design psychological interventions for nurses working in these wards in epidemics like covid-19.

 In health systems, such as other organization, human resources are the basis of the organization and the main factor of success and achievement of goals of the organization that requires organizational trust and organizational learning ability to affective Commitment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational trust and organizational learning ability with affective commitment of Health Centers Staffs.

 This study is a descriptive - correlation study. 141employees of health center were studied according to Cochran formula by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires of organizational learning, organizational trust and emotional commitment. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistics, with SPSS v.24.

 There is a meaningful relationship between the mean of employees' organizational trust score and affective Commitment (r=0.395 ،p>0.001). There is a significant relationship between the mean score of employees' organizational learning ability and affective Commitment (r=0.405 ، p>0.001). There is a significant relationship between the mean score of employees' organizational trust and organizational learning ability (r=0.412 ، p>0.001).

 According to the research results, organizational trust and organizational learning ability are directly and positively related to affective commitment. In order to apply the findings of this study, it is suggested to the relevant authorities to strengthen the areas of fostering organizational trust and organizational learning ability of health workers that to provide a stronger basis for their employee’s affective commitment.

negative emotion is an unpleasant feeling that has a huge impact on the lives and mental health of people in society. Attachment and lack of communication with others play a role in emotional regulation and in chronic physical diseases. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of modeling negative emotions based on attachment styles and the mediating role of loneliness in inflammatory bowel patients.

the present study was a descriptive study of the correlation method. The statistical research community of all inflammatory-intestinal patients in Qom province was in 1401 when 150 people were selected as research samples by targeted sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires for Personality Type D, attachment styles, feelings of loneliness. Structural equations were used to analyze data using SPSS and pls software. The results of the structural equation test showed that the research model had a favorable fit.

the test results showed that the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between two styles of safe attachment and anxiety with negative emotions was confirmed (0.05>p).

Overall, the findings showed that safe attachment styles and anxiety directly and mediating loneliness affected negative emotions, and avoidance attachment styles directly affected negative emotions. The study of Total Effects (total direct and indirect effects) showed that anxiety attachment styles with a factor of 0.613 and safe attachment styles with a factor of - 0.417 had the greatest impact on negative emotions.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that caused by kinetoplastid protozoa of the Leishmania genus. This study aims to investigate the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of Leishmania species in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Isfahan, Iran.

Participants were 70 patients referred to the Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with suspected skin lesions. The nested PCR assay was used with specific primers to identify the Leishmania species. The checklist was used to survey demographic and clinical information of the patients. The rate of healing after the treatment period was evaluated based on standard outcome in three categories: Complete healing, partial healing, and no healing. The chi square test was used to assess the difference in terms of categorical variables. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The stained smear slides of 62 patients showed positive result for Leishmania. Patients were 70.03% male and 20.96% female. Most of them were in age group of 30-39 years. The nested PCR results showed that all 62 stained slides were positive; 54(87.1%) had Leishmania major and 8(12.9%) had Leishmania tropica.

The L. major is the dominant Leishmania type in patients with CL in Isfahan, Iran. The identification of the characteristics of Leishmania species is important for effective treatment and disease control due to differences in the reservoir hosts.

Considering the increase in the aged population in Iran and the importance of determining the factors that affect the self-efficacy of older people, this study aimed to assess the self-efficacy level and its relationship with coping strategies and locus of control in older adults in Qom, Iran.

This is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Using a census method, 100 older adults over 60 years old referring to a retirement center in Qom City were included in the study. Data was collected using a four-part questionnaire including a demographic form, generalized self-efficacy scale, Calsbeek’s coping inventory for stressful situations, and multidimensional locus of control IPC scale. SPSS software, version 20 was used for data analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The majority of participants were male (68%) with a mean age of 63.9±3.5 years. The mean score of the self-efficacy was 30.4±4.2. Regression analysis indicated that avoidant coping strategy could significantly predict self-efficacy (P=0.04). There was no significant relationship between self-efficacy and locus of control.

The use of avoidant coping strategy can predict self-efficacy in older adults. Accurate understanding and effective management of factors affecting the self-efficacy of older adults can help improve their psychological health.

Limited studies have examined the performance of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to compare the EMS provided to trauma patients during and before the COVID-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 16 to June 11, 2023 in Qom, Iran. The data were collected from the Asayar database (Iranian pre-hospital information management system). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyze the data.

The number of trauma-related EMS missions was significantly lower in the first and second waves of the pandemic than in the pre-COVID periods (P<0.05). During the first wave, the on-scene time was significantly shorter than in the pre-COVID period (P<0.05). Furthermore, during the second wave, the transportation time was significantly longer than in the pre-COVID period (P<0.05).

The trauma-related EMS missions decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qom, Iran. The findings suggest that COVID-19 has led to real changes in the emergency services provided to trauma patients. Proper planning in terms of equipment and human resources should be considered for quality emergency service provision to these patients in the future pandemics.

trauma is an unforeseen incident with various physical and psychological consequences for the individual and his family, the family as the main caregiver is under heavy physical and mental pressure and it leads to the emergence of behaviors that are the result of psychological pressure during hospitalization days. The aim of this study was to explain the coping strategies of the families of critical trauma patients during the days of the patient's hospitalization.

The current research was conducted with the approach of contractual content analysis in 2022 on the family members of patients hospitalized in the trauma departments of Qom hospitals in Iran. 18 family members of the patients were selected in a purposeful way, data were collected using in-depth and individual semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was done using Zhang-Widelmuth's qualitative content analysis model.

The results of the data analysis of 18 participating family members of trauma patients led to the extraction of two main classes as non-constructive coping strategies with five subclasses and constructive coping strategies with five subclasses.

The families of critically ill trauma patients perform constructive and non-constructive coping strategies during the days of their patient's hospitalization in order to adapt to the conditions encountered. Strengthening constructive and positive strategies by nurses and helping to correct negative non-constructive strategies can help in managing the mental-psychological condition of themselves and other family members during the sick days of their patients.Keywords: coping strategies, family, trauma patient, qualitative content analysis study

With the outbreak of COVID-19, routine vaccination for immunization disrupted, especially in children. The present study was aims to compare the vaccination coverage for MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) in babies aged 12-18 months in Qom Province, Iran, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Vaccination coverage data in 2019 and 2020 (before and during the pandemic) was extracted from the children’s vaccination cards and the Sib system. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software using paired t-tests, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Spearman’s correlation test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean of delay time in the first and second doses of MMR vaccine was 14.48±26.95 and 20.67±28.74 days, respectively. The vaccination coverage decreased from 87.6% before the pandemic to 74.7% during the pandemic. The prevalence of non-vaccination increased from 12.4% before the pandemic to 25.3% during the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic was effective in reduced the MMR vaccination coverage in Qom Province and delayed receiving the vaccine in babies. These results are useful for use or planning in future pandemics, by designing appropriate interventions to promote and expand routine immunization coverage and provide safe vaccination services for children.

Smoking is one of the most important harms and health problems in the world. In recent years, smoking has become popular among a number of students and this problem threatens the health of students. Emotional expression can have many effects on relationships, thoughts, behavior and body, and the lack of expression skills is related to the use of tobacco and drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between emotional expression and factors related to the use of tobacco in students. .

In this descriptive study, 400 high school students of Rafsanjan city were selected by systematic sampling. Information was collected through a questionnaire based on 10 demographic questions, 16 emotional expression questions, and 51 questions related to factors related to smoking according to the self-reporting motivation theory.

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotional expressiveness and smoking-related factors based on the protection motivation theory (p=0/917). However, a significant relationship was found between smoking and hookah smoking among students and its related factors, except for the threat structure (p<0.001). Also, the chance of smoking in boys was 2.3 times that of girls.Discussion and

The study shows that there is a correlation between some constructs of the theory of protective motivation and emotional expression, so perhaps it is possible to reduce the tendency to use tobacco in teenagers by teaching and learning how to control some emotions by students.

healthy lifestyle is one of the important global concepts in the post-COVID-19 era, which can lead to maintaining and improving the health of societies.This study aims to identify the components of a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era in the Iranian health system.

Theoretical sampling and a non-probability sampling technique were built on to conduct a qualitative field study. A grounded theory approach was adopted based on Strauss-Corbin's method, and semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data. Theoretical saturation was reached by the end of the thirteenth interview. However, interviews continued until the fifteenth interview for further certainty. Faculty members and experts with doctoral degrees at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences comprised the statistical population from whom 15 eligible individuals were recruited. The hidden content of interviews was summarized, coded, and analyzed using MAXQDA software.

The investigation yielded 35 initial concepts, with six remaining after eliminating duplicates. The components of a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era emerged from the intuitive opinions of experts, namely, social responsibility, resilience, the establishment of a lively spirit in society, economic development, smart management, and social health development.

Conclusion:

It is recommended that health and medical policymakers carry out scientific and practical planning with the aim of expanding and developing healthy lifestyle components during the post-COVID-19 era, maintaining and promoting community health, institutionalizing a healthy lifestyle during the post-COVID-19 era, and preparing society for possible similar pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on healthcare providers and nurses. One of the areas affected by the pandemic was their moral sensitivity. This study aims to assess the moral sensitivity of nursing students and its relationship with their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qom, Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 120 nursing students from the Faculty of Nursing at Qom University of Medical Sciences in March 2021 participated by a census sampling method. Lutzen’s moral sensitivity questionnaire (MSQ) and the stress subscale of the depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22.

The moral sensitivity score was low (mean=46.87±4.43). An inverse significant relationship was observed between stress and the total score of moral sensitivity (P<0.001). For every one unit increase in stress, the moral sensitivity decreased by 0.367 units. The stress factor also significantly predicted all dimensions of moral sensitivity, except for benevolence.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the moral sensitivity of nursing students in Qom was low. There is a need for serious attention to improve its level using interventions such as stress reduction programs.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a wide range of behavioral problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) for mothers on behavioral problems of children with ASD.

This controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 36 children with ASD and their mothers in Kashan and Arak cities of Iran in 2020. They were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly allocated to two groups of CPRT (n=18) and control (n=18) by the block randomization. The mothers in the CPRT group received the intervention at 10 sessions according to Landreth and Bratton’s protocol. The control group received no intervention. Data were collected using Rutter’s children’s behavior ‎questionnaire (parent form), the Gilliam autism rating scale (GARS-2), Raven’s colored progressive matrices test, and a demographic form before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The data were analyzed based on per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treatment (ITT) design using repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA, independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact.

Five participants in the intervention group left the study. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of age (P=0.037). The results showed the significant interaction effect of time and intervention on the severity of behavioral problems in children (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the severity of behavioral problems between the two groups after intervention (P=0.043); however, the difference was not significant two months later. There was a significant difference in the severity of behavioral problems among three time points in the‏ intervention group (P<0.001), unlike the control group,

The CPRT for mothers can reduce behavioral problems in their children with ASD. This method is recommended as a complementary therapy in providing services to the families of children with ASD.

Pre-hospital staff work in unpredictable working conditions and with high responsibility. Therefore, they suffer potential stress that can have negative effects on the quality of medical services and their teamwork. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluated the occupational stress of pre-hospital satff in Qom University of Medical Sciences, in the post- covid-19 era.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 Pre-hospital staff of Qom University of Medical Sciences (2023). Sampling was done by simple random method. The data collection tool in this study was " of occupational stress" questionnaire. Data analysis was done by spss23 and using descriptive tests, independent t-test, ANOVA and linear regression.

The mean score of occupational stress was 112.48±13.38 (range of 35-175). Based on the results of the multivariate regression test, the variable of educational level, Employment status, shift and Having a second job, explains 35% of the variance shift in pre-hospital staff (R= 0.596, R2= 0.355, p=0.001).

occupational stress in pre-hospital staff was at a moderate level in the post-covid19 era. Also, the variable of educational level, Employment status, shift and Having a second job, were predictive factors of occupational stress in the post-covid19 era. Therefore, it is suggested that design people, Master's degree, Rotating shift, and Having a second job, should be offered more psychological evaluations and consultations.

Nosocomial infections refer to healthcare-associated infections that are infections acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission. This study aims to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections and related factors in hospitals of Qom City, Iran.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 112,316 patients from eight hospitals in Qom City in 2018. Data were collected using a hospital infection monitoring checklist and according to the national nosocomial infections surveillance system of Iran.

The prevalence of nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized in the hospitals of Qom City was 0.8%. The highest and lowest cases of nosocomial infections were reported in Shahid Beheshti Hospital and Hazrat-e Masoumeh Hospital, respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of nosocomial infections were reported in neonatal intensive care units (11%) and pediatric intensive care units (1.1%), respectively. In this study, the urinary tract infection with 29.1% was the most common nosocomial infection type. The most common type of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients was urinary tract infection (27.7%) and the least common type was surgical site infection (8.3%). Also, Acinetobacter and Escherichia coli were the highest bacterial strains in infections (13.3 and 15.6).

The prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospitals of Qom City is 0.8%. To control and prevent nosocomial infections, it is necessary to improve the screening and care systems for these infections and increase the awareness and practice of the treatment staff.

The main strategy in providing effective care services emphasizes cooperation and teamwork. In order to achieve care goals in the emergency department, nurses as the main care member in this department must have the ability to do team work. Therefore, it is necessary to have accurate and specific tools to check the level of teamwork competence. Due to the lack of a localized tool in this field, this study was conducted with the aim of psychometrically evaluating the team work competence tool in emergency department nurses.

In this psychological study, 220 nurses in educational-therapeutic hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences were included in the study using available sampling method. With the coordination of the team work competence tool designer, the translation of the tool was done by translation-retranslation method. The final version of the tool was subjected to psychoanalysis by the nurses of the emergency departments of Qom city by performing face, content and construct validity and reliability by checking internal consistency and consistency.

The face validity and qualitative content was confirmed with the opinions of nurses and expert panel on all items. All items in face validity have a score higher than 1.5 and the score of all items in the content validity index is higher than 0.79. And in the content validity ratio, it was higher than 0.69 according to Lavshe's table. In examining the internal homogeneity of the tool, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.855 (P=0.001) and the stability of the questionnaire was obtained using the intra-cluster correlation coefficient 0.853.

The Persian questionnaire of teamwork competency in the emergency department has acceptable validity and reliability for use among emergency department nurses in the care of trauma patients.

Groups providing knowledge-based services to patients. Knowledge management is the key to the success of organizations and motivation is one of the effective factors in maintaining the employees. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of nurses’ motivation on knowledge management in hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences (QUMS), Qom, Iran.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 349 nurses from hospitals affiliated to QUMS. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability designed to measure motivation and knowledge management. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling in SPSS software, version  20 and LISREL software, version 8.8.

The mean scores of motivation and knowledge management were 3.071±1.344 and 3.30±0.783, respectively. The motivation of nurses had a positive and significant effect on the knowledge management (T=3.01, β=0.19, P=0.045).

Nurses’ motivation has a positive and significant effect on the knowledge management in hospitals. The hospital managers, in addition to providing the necessary infrastructure to implement the knowledge management process, should adopt methods to create motivation in nurses, in order to improve the quality of nursing services.

One of the main components of forming a marriage contract is trust, which has always been fragile and at risk due to problems such as betrayal. Due to the increasing rate of infidelity and divorce, this study aims to compare the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on depression and anger in women affected by marital infidelity.

The method of this study was experimental with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population consisted of women affected by marital infidelity in Tabriz city in 2022. In total, 45 patients were selected by sequential non-probability sampling method, who were randomly divided into three groups (Each group 15 people). Members of both experimental groups received their treatment in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment until the end of the study. The measurement tools included Beck's depression and Novaco's anger questionnaires. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that both treatments compared to the control group, reduced the depression and anger of women affected by marital infidelity in the post-test (p<0.001).

The results showed that the effect of treatments on depression and anger of women affected by marital infidelity in the post-test stage is not statistically different. It seems that MBCT and ACT can reduce the depression and anger of women affected by marital infidelity, so they can probably be a useful therapeutic strategy to improve the psychological state of women affected by marital infidelity.

Appropriate behavior management techniques for child patients who refer to dental clinics leads to increased cooperation between children and parents with dentist. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude of parents about the types of behavior management techniques used in children’s dental treatment and its relationship with personality type and parenting style.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 73 eligible parents in 2022 in Qom city, among parents of children referred to dental clinics, using three questionnaires. Friedman-Rosenman and Baumrind and self-constructed questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, T test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The mean age of parents was 5.97 ± 34.13, the mean age of their children was 2.59 ± 5.91. (27 males and 46 females). Hand over mouth (4.06), Papoose board (4.09), physical restraint (4.8) and general anesthesia (4.4) techniques had lowest, Voice control (4.9) and sedation techniques (5.5) had medium and tell-show-do (7.5), positive reinforcement (6.2) and mouth prop (5.9) techniques had highest mean scores among all. There was a significant relationship between personality type and parenting style with parents' attitude (P=0.04, P=0.028). There was no significant relationship between gender and age with parents' attitude (P=0.655, P=0.3)..

Hand-on-mouth, papoose board, physical restraint and anesthesia techniques showed the least compliance. positive reinforcement, tell-show-do and mouth prop techniques had the most compliance. Parents personality type and parenting style showed relation with attitude towards behavior management techniques in dental clinic.

Oral health of pregnant women is important because of its effect on the mother and child’s health. Health literacy is a key determinant of oral health and related outcomes. The present study was conducted to investigate the oral health status of pregnant women in Arak, Iran and asses its relationship with their oral health literacy.

The is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on 275 pregnant women referring to the comprehensive health centers in Arak, Iran in 2021. The oral health literacy adults questionnaire (OHL-AQ) was used to measure their oral health literacy. A self-report tool was used to assess their oral health status. Descriptive and inferential statistics including multiple logistic regression analysis, were used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 0.05.

It was found out that only 38.5% of pregnant women had adequate oral health literacy. Adjusted regression results showed that inadequate oral health literacy was significantly related to poor oral health status; the odds of poor oral health status was 2.95 times higher in women with inadequate oral health literacy compared to those with adequate oral health literacy (95%CI, 1.10%, 7.95%, OR=2.95, P=0.03).

Inadequate oral health literacy is related to poor oral health status in pregnant women. In this regard, it seems necessary to plan to improve oral health literacy of pregnant women.

The limitation of resources on one hand and the increasing demand for them on the other hand shows the vital importance of paying attention to productivity as the only way to continue human life and on the way to perfection. It was the health center of Qom province in 1400

The research method was qualitative and the foundation's data was used in terms of the nature of the method. The participants included specialists and experts in the field of educational management, education and health and health promotion in the country, who were selected as key informants through the purposeful sampling method of 11 people, the estimation of the desired sample size was done based on the theoretical saturation of the data. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were calculated from two methods of review by participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding, 201 open codes (concepts), 20 central codes (dimensions and components) and 6 selective codes (main categories) were counted

Qualitative findings showed that major and core categories in the form of six dimensions of causal conditions, central phenomenon, background conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences were upgraded to a higher abstract level                                                           

Increasing productivity by reducing costs and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization directly has a positive effect.

The main goal of the health system is to provide quality and safe care to patients. These service recipients have some rights that the government and the health system (at the macro level) and hospitals (at the micro level) are obliged to protect them. This study aims to identify the components of protecting the rights of patients in Iranian hospitals.

This is a qualitative study. Participants were 16 professors and experts selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods. The data was collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed by using inductive content analysis in MAXQDA software, version 10.

After analysis, seven themes (policy-making, management, education, informing, human resources, physical resources and patient-oriented) and 60 sub-themes were extracted. The most important theme was policy-making (28%) followed by management and patient-centered themes (17%).

Protecting patients’ rights in a hospital plays an important role in realizing the health system’s goals and achieving patient satisfaction. Realizing these goals requires creating the necessary platforms and mechanisms at the macro and hospital levels.

In order to provide timely and competitive services that satisfy their customers, managers need to make correct and appropriate decisions, timely and effective decision-making requires having correct cost information, this study aims to calculate and compare the total price. Day bed and day patient surgery department was performed with national tariff in 2022.

The current study was a descriptive study based on available data and applied in terms of purpose, which was conducted cross-sectionally and survey in the second quarter of 2022 in the Amin Teaching-Therapeutic Hospital of Isfahan by census method, and all the files of hospitalized patients The surgical department included 497 cases in the study. Information about patients was extracted from the hospital's health information management system and accounting unit. Excell and Spss software were used for data analysis.

The total cost of one patient day based on the daily bed with the calculation of depreciation is 30,050,190 Rials and without considering depreciation 20,433,338 Rials, and the total cost of one patient day based on the occupied day bed with depreciation is 46,912,477 Rials and Without depreciation, it was 31,899,249 Rials, while the national tariff was only 5,112,000 Rials. The income of the surgery department during the study period was 7,545,993,000 Rials, which compared to the total cost of the department, including depreciation equal to 4,194,667,122 Rials and excluding depreciation, the amount of 2,610,771,543 Rials was negative. .

The large difference between the notified tariffs and the actual costs of the inpatient departments has caused a lot of damage to the treatment complexes, and this allocation of credit and budgeting reduces the motivation of managers in line with financial discipline and efforts to improve productivity.

By the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the closure of universities and educational institutions, electronic education was used to continue the education process, which is very different from face-to-face education. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining academic motivation and academic satisfaction of nursing students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences during the COVID 19 pandemic

In this cross-sectional study, 167 nursing students studying at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, were included by census method. The data collection tool included questionnaires for demographic information, academic satisfaction and academic motivation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression in SPSS-22.

A significant and positive correlation academic satisfaction and academic motivation (P<0.001, r=0.511). Regression models showed that academic motivation (P<0.001, β=0.511) was a predictor of academic satisfaction in nursing students. This factor was able to predict 25% of the changes in the academic satisfaction variable.

Considering that nursing students had moderate academic satisfaction and motivation in the conditions of the Corona pandemic and virtual education, therefore, it is necessary for nursing education managers to design and implement new and effective educational strategies to eliminate educational deficiencies and improve the level of academic motivation and satisfaction of nursing students should try.

Pre-hospital emergency technicians respond to the medical needs of injured or acutely ill patients outside medical centers and are constantly on alert to save human lives and improve their vital signs, therefore, having General health for that. is of great importance. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the general health of pre-hospital emergency  technicians and related factors in the post-corona era.

The present study was conducted cross-sectionally and in a descriptive-analytical way with the participation of 186 technicians working in the pre-hospital emergency department of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Sampling was done by simple random method and data analysis was done with the help of spss software version 16 and using independent t-test, ANOVA, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. 

The average score of age and general health of the participants was 8.8 ± 35.15 and 3.13 ± 24.69, respectively. The variables of age, employment status and work history are able to predict the general health of pre-hospital personnel.

The results of the present study showed that the general health of pre-hospital personnel is in good condition. Age causes improvement and corporate and contractual variables cause general health disorders of pre-hospital personnel. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of educational programs and management measures take into account the factors related to the general health level of people in order to take a step in the direction of improving and improving their health status, and as a result, the quality of providing services to clients will increase and the society will Move towards improving health.

Respecting the patient's privacy by the treatment staff and the patient's mutual trust in them are potentially related to each other. Increasing awareness of the principles of protecting patients' privacy and gaining their trust by health system employees, especially nurses, has been the focus of researchers and health service managers. So far, in several studies, the patient's privacy and its relationship with the patient's trust in the nurse have been discussed, but its comparison in the two inpatient and emergency departments has received less attention.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing patient privacy in inpatient and emergency departments and its relationship with patient trust in nurses in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom.

This study is a cross-sectional analytical method and was conducted in 1400-1401. The samples of this study include 110 patients from the emergency department and 110 patients from the inpatient departments of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom. The samples were obtained by the available method and from among the patients who were willing to participate in the study; were chosen. Data collection tools included privacy questionnaires and the patient-nurse trust scale (Radvin-Kayrel). Data were analyzed using Pearson's statistical test and SPSS 21 software.

In this study, the age range of the research samples was 18-70 years. Most of the research samples were male (50.50%), had a bachelor's degree or lower (72.30%) and housewives (46.40%) . The highest score of the trust questionnaire is in the inpatient department (89.03±13.11%) and the lowest score in the privacy questionnaire is in the spiritual-religious dimension in the inpatient department (79.19±19.39%). The highest score of the trust questionnaire is in the emergency department (84.51±13.92%) and the lowest score of the privacy questionnaire is in the spiritual-religious dimension in the emergency department (63.86±20.73). According to the results of this study, there was a correlation between the patient's privacy and the patient's trust in the nurse (Pv<0.05).

The results of this study showed that by increasing patients' privacy, patients' trust in nurses increases. According to the results of this study, nursing managers can increase patients' trust in nurses with educational programs in the field of patient privacy in the emergency department and inpatient departments.

The present study was to predict the anxiety caused by the spread of monkeypox based on the attitude towards fertility and childbearing and the attitude towards death in pregnant women.

The current research design was a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this study includes all pregnant women referring to the health centers of Zabul city, whose volume was 5321 people, which was estimated as a sample of 368 people using Cochran's formula and an error of 5%. To collect data, the scale of attitude towards death, the scale of attitude towards fertility and childbearing, the monkey pox anxiety scale developed by the researcher were used, and finally the data obtained using SPPS software (version 26) and with step-by-step linear regression test and Pearson correlation was analyzed.

The results of the multiple correlation coefficient was equal to 0.746, also the beta value related to the regression analysis of acceptance or avoidance, neutral acceptance, active acceptance and having children as obstacles were 0.283, 0.280, 0.312, and 198 respectively. 0/, they predict anxiety caused by monkey pox.

The results of this research showed that the attitude towards death and having children can predict the perceived anxiety caused by monkeypox disease. Therefore, cognitive intervention can be done to improve these variables.

Due to the significant effect of doctors' behavior on the improvement of health care and its consequences on patients, it is necessary to adopt cost-effective and cost-effective measures for beneficial treatments in order to make appropriate decisions and better acceptance of treatment by patients.

This is a descriptive-analytical applied study. The research community included specialists, managers and employees of medical centers in both public and private sectors. The effective factors on patient preferences were extracted and the initial questionnaire was designed, and then the effective factors were determined and prioritized using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in Imus software.  The standardized IUS questionnaire was used regarding the factors affecting the patient's tolerance of uncertainty. Finally, the questionnaire was distributed and collected among 550 people by stratified method.

The results of these studies show that 6 factors are effective on patient preferences in the public and private sector, the highest score in the public sector with a factor loading of 0.53 belongs to the patient's insistence and the type of insurance, and in the private sector it belongs to the comparison of treatment options. Regarding the factors affecting the measurement of uncertainty tolerance, respectively, in the sub-factors of the emotional dimension, interest in decision-making and courage in decision-making, and in the sub-factors of the behavioral dimension, the factors of attention in uncertain decisions and searching in uncertain conditions and sub-factors of the dimension Cognitive certainty of recovery and doctor's trust were placed in both public and private sectors, respectively.

Communication with the patient and better understanding is effective in increasing satisfaction and quality in providing health services. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient's preferences and tolerance of uncertainty and determine the affecting factors it in order to improve the patient as quickly as possible.

  Vaccination is one of the most effective methods of disease prevention and the basis for improving health in the world. Lifestyle also consists of people's daily behaviors and ways of dealing with problems. The present study has investigated the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and receiving the Covid-19 vaccine in Qom city in 2023.

The current research is a cross-sectional study; its statistical population was people living in Qom city who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this study, the demographic information checklist and the HPLP II lifestyle promotion questionnaire were used, which examines the dimensions of a healthy lifestyle, including nutrition, exercise, stress management, health responsibility, interpersonal support, and self-actualization.

  The current study was conducted on 305 people living in Qom city, 160 of them (52.5%) were men and 145 were women, and about 84.6% of them had a history of covid-19 vaccine injection. The mean and standard deviation of the score of the lifestyle enhancing questionnaire was 133.91 ± 20.42. There was a statistically significant relationship between the dimension of health responsibility with the injection of the Covid-19 vaccine and the number of vaccine doses received (P=0.01).

The health-promoting lifestyle as an important factor in increasing vaccine coverage was average, and in terms of exercise and nutrition, it was below average, which necessitates education and motivation and planning to increase the health-promoting indicators as much as possible among the general public.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of important factors in pathophysiology of fatty liver, infertility, gastric ulcer, and even cardiac disorders. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is an herbal compound with many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to evaluate the protective effectiveness of CA in reducing ER stress induced by tunicamycin (TM) in the heart of male C57/BL6 mice.

In this study, 36 male C57/BL6 mice were divided into six groups: Saline, Vehicle, CA, ER stress, ER stress-CA 20 mg/kg and ER stress-CA 50 mg/kg. ER stress was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TM. The CA was injected intraperitoneally one hour before TM injection. Thirty hours after TM injection, the animals were sacrificed and a part of their heart was kept in 10% formaldehyde and another part was kept in -80oC.

The CA reduced GRP78 and Malondialdehyde levels, while total antioxidant capacity increased after CA administration. Decreased cross section of muscle fibers and increased interventricular wall thickness caused by ER stress were also improved.

The CA can improve histological and cellular changes caused by ER stress in the heart of male C57/Bl6 mice by reducing oxidative stress and ER stress.

Due to the side effects of the current methods for cancer treatment, many studies have been conducted to find alternative herbal medicines. This study aims to assess the cytotoxicity effect of aqueous leaf extract of Artemisia deserti on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780-CP.

First, aqueous extract of A.deserti was prepared. The cancer cell line A2780-CP was treated with extract concentrations from 100 µg/mL to 6.25 µg/mL, followed by MTT assay to measure half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extracts. The change in intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) assay. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry method using Annexin V/PI staining. Moreover, qualitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression level of genes BCL2, BAX, CASP3, CASP9, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21, cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and transferrin receptor. Relative gene expression was calculated using 2-∆∆ct method. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data in GraphPad Prism, version 8.0.1. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The IC50 of the prepared extract was 112.62 µg/mL. The results showed the cytotoxic effect of A.deserti leaf extract on A2780-CP, significant increase of intracellular ROS level, and significant differences in expression levels of cell cycle and apoptotic genes.

A. deserti aqueous leaf extract is a good candidate to stop neoplastic cell proliferation of cisplatin-resistant cancer cell line A2780-CP. Further in-vitro studies are recommended.

The most lethal jellyfish are the Chironex fleckeri. Their stings are serious threat with economic and health implications. Nanoparticles have the ability to load a wide range of small medicinal and biological molecules. The small size of nanoparticles, due to the increase in the contact surface with the epithelial surface, has a greater potential for non-specific absorption into the cells. This study aims to assess the expression level of C-CFTXB protein in E. coli loaded to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer to investigate its immunogenicity in Syrian rats.

The expression of C-CFTXB gene was assessed by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside induction and the recombinant protein was confirmed by the western blot technique. The antigen was loaded to PLGA polymer. The size and zeta potential of nanoparticles containing protein were measured. Protein along with adjuvant PLGA nanoparticles in PBS were injected into the animal groups twice and four times. The amount of antibody in their serum was measured by ELISA test. In the end, the rats were challenged with Rhopilema nomadica jellyfish venom. Duncan’s test was used for statistical analysis.

The size and zeta potential of nanoparticles containing protein were 200 nm and -20.2 mV, respectively. Electron microscope images showed that the nanoparticles were spherical. The results of the challenge test showed that the immunized rats tolerated 50×LD50 of jellyfish venom after 60 days.

Considering the lack of cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of C-CfTXB recombinant protein in rats, this antigen can be considered as a candidate vaccine against jellyfish venom.

the elderly suffer from many problems and chronic diseases, and to maintain their health, they must be able to take optimal care of themselves. Spiritual health and self-efficacy are important dimensions of health and an important aspect of the life of the aged; Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and self-efficacy in the ageing with chronic diseases who referred to comprehensive health centers in Babol city, 2022. 

The present research is a cross-sectional descriptive study, of 225 aging people with chronic diseases referred to four comprehensive urban and rural health centers selected in convenience. Data were collected using the "SWB" spiritual health questionnaire and the "Sherer" self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, regression test) using SPSS version 20.

The mean of spiritual health (109.98±12.58) and self-efficacy (78.4±7.46) were determined to be very favorable. Spiritual health is positively correlated with self-efficacy (P<0.001, r=0.973). and showed significance. Self-efficacy by spiritual health could predict 94.7% of the variance and it was found that with the increase in spiritual health, the amount of self-efficacy also increases (P=0.001, β=0.97).

As spiritual health increases, self-efficacy increases in the elderly. Considering the importance of spiritual health and self-efficacy of the elderly in promoting health, awareness of it can help health policymakers in planning the health of the elderly.Keywords: spiritual health, self-efficacy, aged, chronic disease.

Many dental procedures cause the creation of airborne particles and droplets infected with the Covid-19 virus. People's fear of corona disease, due to its rapid transmission, reduces visits to dental clinics. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the behavior of patients referring to dental clinics in the city of Qom in relation to Corona.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the first half of 2019 on 224 people who referred to dental clinics in Qom, who were selected by random sampling. The tool for collecting information was researcher-made questionnaires containing demographic variables and questions related to the assessment of patients' behaviors. Data were analyzed in SPSS20 software using descriptive statistics.

 The average age of the participants in the research was 36.53±13.85. In the evaluation of the patients' behavior in relation to Covid-19, the majority of the answers were "always" in most of the questions. There was a decrease in the behavior score of patients with increasing age. According to the value of Sig (0.029), the relationship between these two variables is significant.

The results showed that the behavior of the clients in observing hygiene and preventing the disease of Covid-19 was at a favorable level.

Cancer is considered one of the foremost important well-being issues in the world, which undermines well-being. This study was conducted to examine the association between resilience and marital compatibility in women with breast cancer.

This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2023 on 167 women patients with breast cancer in Qom City, Iran. Sampling was done as convenience sampling among married women with breast cancer and completing the informed consent form. The research tools were Graham Spinner's Marital Adjustment Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson's Resilience Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.v23 and descriptive and analytical tests. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation and linear regression analysis was used to ascertain the coefficients and predictability of the variables. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The Mean age (±SD) was 51.20 ± 8.81 years. The outcome indicated that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between resilience and marital compatibility. Also, there is a positive and significant correlation between resilience and income level (r=0.24, p<0.02). The findings of hierarchical regression to evaluate the prediction of marital adjustment showed that the highest predictive value was the structure of resilience (p<0.01, b=0.61, CI: 0.36-0.53) and belongs to the highest predictor value. P < 0.01, b = 0.28, CI: 1.3–34.27).

According to the findings of this research, it seems that paying attention to resilience, satisfaction, and marital compatibility in women with cancer is considered a necessity for mental and sexual health.

Attitudinal factors based on traits are one of the most important issues affecting the self-care of patients with cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). This study aims to design an attitudinal model based on the characteristics of self-care in patients with CVDs.

This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consists of 467 patients with CVDs who were selected non-randomly. The data was collected using a research-made questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software, version 23, using descriptive tests, Pearson correlation test, multiple linear regression analysis. Structural equation modeling was done in Amos software, version 24.

The mean age of the participants was 59.96±14.25 years. The construct of “meaning in life” construct was the significant predictor of the construct of “sense of coherence” (P<0.001, β=0.26), and the construct of “illness perception” was the significant predictor of self-care behaviors (P<0.001, β=0.21). The degree of freedom (χ2/df) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were <5 and <0.8, respectively, indicating the good fit of the study model.

The most important predictors of self-care behaviors in CVD patients are a positive perception of illness, health locus of control, and meaning in life. These factors should be further investigated for managing the self-care behaviors of CVD patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of anxiety in children during the Coronavirus pandemic and its related factors in Qom.

This cross-sectional study was conducted by cluster sampling method in primary schools of Qom province. Our criterion for assessing anxiety level was the SCAS questionnaire.

The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between anxiety level and academic status. So that children with higher educational status experienced less anxiety than other groups (14/31 ± 10/ 70) And children with poor educational status experienced the most anxiety (25/5 ± 12/04).  Also, gender had a significant relationship with children's anxiety level, and during the Corona epidemic, girls experienced more anxiety (17.39 ± 11.48) and boys experienced less anxiety than girls with an average of )14.9 ± 11.38(. mental health problems such as stress in children can not only have individual complications and costs but also can cause problems for the family and society,

 the findings obtained from the research can help psychologists and professionals to intervene. It is suitable to prevent the increase of stress level in children and its consequences.

Drug addiction is a worldwide epidemic that affects many people’s lives. The quality of life and health literacy as the underlying and causative factors in driving or preventing the tendency towards drug use can help families, officials, and therapists adopt better preventive, treatment, and control measures. The present study aimed to predict addiction tendency based on the quality of life and health literacy of university students.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on male students at Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, in the academic year 2022-2023. Using Cochran’s formula, the sample size was estimated to be 358 students who were selected through simple random sampling. The data were collected using the Weed Addiction Tendency Scale, the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL), and the Health Literacy Scale. Data analysis was performed with SPSS-26 software using synchronous multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation test.

The data in this study revealed that the quality of life subscales (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and social environment) and the health literacy subscales (access, reading skills, understanding, and decision-making) can significantly predict addiction tendency (p<0.05).

Quality of life (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and social environment) and health literacy (access, reading skills, understanding and decision-making) can predict students' addiction tendencies. It is suggested that educational officials pay attention to the role of quality of life and health literacy in order to reduce the tendency of students to become addicted.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease in Iran. Physicians play a crucial role in the prevention, control, and treatment of this disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physicians working in the health system regarding cutaneous leishmaniasis in two endemic areas in the southeast of Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted between May and December 2023. The study included all physicians working in comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in Zahedan and Mirjaveh counties that were selected through the census method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. The Mann-Whitney test and multiple regression model were utilized for the analytical statistics with a significance level of 0.05%.

A group of 57 physicians responded to the questionnaire. The average knowledge score of physicians regarding cutaneous leishmaniasis was 19.63 ± 4.9 (out of 34), the average attitude score was 76.75 ± 7.75 (out of 95), and the average practice score was 9.18 ± 2.41 (out of 14). Both the knowledge and practice of physicians had a significant relationship with the patient's visit history and the type of health center. Additionally, participation in retraining courses was found to have a significant relationship with their knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Physicians exhibited moderate practice and good attitude towards cutaneous leishmaniasis, however, their knowledge was weak. Therefore, implementing appropriate retraining programs is necessary to enhance their knowledge.

Nursing care in the emergency department can be forgotten under the influence of factors and ultimately cause dissatisfaction of patients. Factors such as overcrowding, insufficient number of nurses can affect the nursing care of the elderly. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the missed nursing care in the elderly hospitalized in emergency departments.

this cross-sectional research with participance of 302 nurses in the emergency departments of hospitals of Qom Universities of Medical Sciences in 1401 was completed. The sampling was done by available methods among nurses with at least 3-month work experiences. The instrument of data collecting was missed nursing care by Kalich. Data were analyzed by 16 version of SPSS and for the analysis, descriptive statistics were used. Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee.Data

to the according based on this survey, the average theglobal missed care index was 30/35±11/98.  Highest and lowest nursing care in the emergency wards from nurse’s point of view by order was related to 83(percente)" Feeding patient when the food is still warm " and3.7 (percent) related to " Skin/wound care ". According to the results of parametric and non-parametric tests in the questionnaire, there is no significant difference in the level of 5% error (p>0.05) according to the type of employment, age and gender.

Based on the findings, to provide optimal care and reduce missed nursing care for the elderly in the emergency departments of hospitals, requires policy making and planning in order to recognize the characteristics of the elderly, empowering nurses, and increasing the number of specialized staffs for caring for the elderly.

Traffic accidents are one of the social problems that endanger human health. The present study aims to find the human factors effective in causing traffic accidents in Guilan province, Iran.

This is an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a questionnaire was developed to collect information by reading related papers and the accident reports of the police. In the second stage, 670 drivers who had an accident and referred to nine hospitals in Guilan province during three months in 2020 were interviewed in person or by phone. Factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory) were used to analyze the data in SPSS software, version 21, and PLS software.

Most of participants were at the age of 21-40 years (58.4%), 96.9% were male, and 72.2% were self-employed. The most effective human factor in road accidents was fatigue/sleepiness with a path coefficient of 0.774, while the least effective factors were carelessness and road defects with a path coefficient of -0.03.

Human factors are an important factor in causing traffic accidents in Guilan province, where the most important factor is fatigue/sleepiness.

The health system, as one of the vital systems, is responsible for the health of the society, and policy-making with the aim of improving people's health and improving the performance of the health system is one of the governance duties of this system. The purpose of this research is to outline the policy of the health system based on the statement of the second step of the revolution with an interpretive structural modeling approach.Research

The current research is qualitative and practical in terms of purpose. The research community consisted of 11 health experts who were selected purposefully and the data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. First, by conducting interviews with health experts, the components were extracted, and in the second step, the relationships between these components were determined by the interpretive structural modeling method.

The number of 19 main components was identified and these components were classified into three levels and finally the research interaction network model was drawn, which includes the components of management issues, human resources, processes and methods, macro policies, the role of stewardship, the role of stewardship, and the role of support. , exclusive, economic, social, technological and political services at the third level, components of priority of prevention over treatment, proper management of health resources, enrichment of health culture, promotion of human capital and improvement of methods and processes at the second level and components of promotion and improvement The health of society and the economic efficiency of the health system were at the first level. 

The implementation of research strategies improves and improves the health level of the society and the economic efficiency of the health system, and it seeks to reduce the problems of the health system, economic benefits and social welfare.

Conventional teaching methods such as lecture method, are not effective for learning theoretical courses and new methods should be used for teaching. This study aims to determine female medical students’ learning and satisfaction with teaching applied ethics course by multimedia and conventional methods.

This quasi-experimental study (with pre-test/post-test design) on 121 female medical students from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences who took the applied ethics course in 2022-2023. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The teaching method in the control group was the lecture method, while the intervention group received education by the multimedia method. The educational content and slides, the lecturer presenting the courses, and the number of sessions were the same in both groups. The research tools included a 15-item learning scale and a 17-item satisfaction scale (for the intervention group). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests in STATA software, version 14.

The mean learning score in the intervention group was 4.01 points higher than in the control group and this difference was statistically significant (t=-9.35, P<0.001). The overall satisfaction score was 3.58±0.23 (out of 5). The percentage of students in the intervention group who were satisfied in the areas of course content, presented assignments, and produced content were 68.10%, 33.33%, and 79.31%, respectively.

Professors are recommended to use the multimedia method for better and more effective learning of applied ethics and other theoretical courses.

Sleep deprivation can increase anxiety by impairing hippocampal-dependent memory and emotional memory and cause changes in mood, mental, cognitive, and motor functions. The NR1-NR2 dimer is the main functional organization structure in any NDMA receptor. This study aims to assess the effect of oral gavage of fish oil on the NR1 and NR2 protein levels in hippocampus of male rats with total sleep deprivation.

In this study, 25 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, Sham, sleep deprivation, sham+fish oil, and sleep deprivation+fish oil. At the end of the treatment, the brain of rats was removed and the amount of NR1 and NR2 proteins in the hippocampus was assessed by the Western blotting method.

No significant difference in the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins was observed in the hippocampus of sham group compared to the control group. The expression of these two proteins in the sleep deprivation + fish oil group increased by 62.8% and 83.3%, respectively, compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in the sleep deprivation group compared to the control group. On the other hand, the levels of these two proteins in the sleep deprivation + fish oil increased by 50 and 116.7%, respectively, compared to the sleep deprivation group.

Fish oil can play a protective and therapeutic role in controlling or relieving the effects of sleep deprivation that can reduce the expression of NR1 and NR2 proteins in other areas of the brain.

This study aims to examine the effect of Raha herbal syrup on the craving severity and changes in serum cortisol levels of men with opioid use disorder (OUD) under the opium tincture (OT) maintenance therapy.

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 62 men with OUD under OT maintenance therapy who were physically dependent on opioid and were using it for 4-6 years. They were randomly divided into two groups of OT (n=30), and OT+Raha syrup (n=32). Both groups completed the desire for drug questionnaire (DDQ) before and after treatment. Venous blood samples were taken from patients after 8 hours of fasting before and after the treatment to measure serum cortisol levels.

After intervention, the momentary assessment showed that craving intensity score in the OT+ Raha syrup group decreased by 8.72, while the OT group showed a decrease by 1.77. This reduction in mean score was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). Moreover, after the intervention, the mean serum cortisol level in the OT+Raha syrup group decreased by 1.09, while the OT group showed a decrease by 0.01, but it was significantly different.

The use of OT for maintenance treatment along with Raha herbal syrup can be useful for reducing craving for opioid in men with OUD during the abstinence period. Therefore, the simultaneous use of Raha syrup with OT may be beneficial for the management of abstinence from opioid.

Several pandemics and epidemics have occurred in the last two decades. Based on global experiences, emphasis has been placed on strengthening the primary health care (PHC) system for preventing or dealing with adverse events. In this study, we aim to systematically review the studies conducted in different countries on strengthening the PHC system to deal with emergency situations to provide a model for Iran’s PHC system.

In this review study, related studies published from 1990 to 2021 were first searched using related keywords in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases. Documents and reports published by international organizations or health centers of different countries were also examined. The quality of the articles and reports was examined using the STROBE checklist.

Nine articles and five reports were included in the study. Four strategies for strengthening the PHC system were identified: a) Strengthening the capacity of the health system, b) Increasing public participation and public trust in the health sector, c) Ensuring access to health services, and d) Increasing the capability of healthcare workers in facing crises.

Developing national plans with the participation of people and different actors is one of the most important measures to strengthen the PHC system of the country. Also, special emphasis should be placed on strengthening the relationship between the health system and society.

The formation of kidney stones and their treatment is one of the most important challenges for physicians and patients. Kidney stone disease is one of the most common pathological diseases of the urinary tract. This study aims to show the effects of ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride on the formation of kidney and bladder stones in rats.

Twenty 4-week-old young Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into two groups of control and case (5 males and five females). Kidney and bladder stone formation in the case group was induced by 1% ammonium chloride (administrated for 3 days) and 0.75% ethylene glycol (administrated for 30 days) added to the drinking water. The control group received drinking water only. The animals were anesthetized by ketamine/xylazine injection, and after a CT scan and confirmation of kidney and bladder stone formation, their kidneys and bladder were removed and fixated. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin staining method for histological studies. The slides were examined under a light microscope to count calcium oxalate deposits.

Ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride caused stone formation in rats’ left and right kidneys and bladder. A significant decrease in urine volume and an increase in oxalate crystals were seen in the case group compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Administration of ethylene glycol plus ammonium chloride orally is the best way for the formation of kidney and bladder stones. Different therapeutic interventions can be tested in rats by creating kidney and bladder stones.