نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 83 (پاییز 1403)

The new patterns of the city and urban life have long distanced man from the experience of being in nature and connecting with it; However, most cities have natural boundaries with valuable ecological elements and a platform to satisfy the naturalistic needs of humans. Limits that in recent years have challenged urban planners to make the best decisions in order to properly exploit these ecological potentials. The ecological edge of Tehran's urban areas plays an important role in the promotion of ecotourism and urban landscape. The main research question is the analysis of internal and external influencing factors on the ecological edge of region 15 with an emphasis on ecotourism. The main goal of the research is to formulate the proposed model of the ecological edge of the 15th district in the southeast of Tehran with an emphasis on ecotourism. The research is applied in terms of purpose, analytical in nature and qualitative-quantitative in terms of method.The data collection method is library. The statistical population of the research is made up of 80 experts from the municipality of Region 15, neighborhood development offices and urban planning professors, and the technique used in this regard is the Delphi technique. The sampling method used in the present study was a stratified and probabilistic one. The data collection tool is a closed-ended questionnaire. A combination of SWOT and AHP has been used for data analysis. The results of the findings show that according to the internal (strength, weakness) and external (opportunity, threat) matrix, defense strategies have been chosen in line with the ecological edge of the 15th district in the southeast of Tehran, with an emphasis on ecotourism. Also, according to the results of prioritizing the options, aggressive strategies were chosen as the highest priority.The choice of this strategy means that the ecological edge of the 15th district in the southeast of Tehran, with an emphasis on ecotourism, has capabilities that can be used for its development and environmental opportunities

Due to its geographical location, Kurdistan province is one of the drought-prone areas in the west of Iran, and the study of drought in it is important. Accordingly, the current research has been carried out with the aim of spatiotemporal evaluation of drought in Kurdistan province and the synoptic patterns affecting it in the period from 1990 to 2019. In this regard, ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5) grid data for 9 regional synoptic stations as well as the standardized precipitation index (SPI) have been used to monitor monthly and annual droughts. Based on the results, mild drought conditions have been dominant in this period, and severe drought occurred in 1999, 2000, and 2008. Moreover, the drought has had an alternating trend in different periods, but generally the eastern areas have suffered more droughts than the western areas. On the other hand, the analysis of synoptic patterns indicated the high influence of tropical and subtropical systems and their strengthening in the western borders of the country on the occurrence of dry conditions in the province. Our results can highlight the temporal and spatial characteristics of drought in Kurdistan province and help to develop forecasting tools and adopt measures to deal with drought.

Unprotected urban spaces are among the spaces that have a high chance of crime and violence due to their physical and social characteristics. In this regard, in large cities and in the term of metropolises, this factor is doubly important. In this study, the role of urban defenseless spaces in the occurrence of crime has been investigated with emphasis on District 9 of Tehran. The research method is based on library, documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the whole 9th district of Tehran and based on Cochran's formula, 150 people were identified as the sample population. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Vikor model. The results showed that region 9 is at a moderate level in terms of physical vulnerability. Criteria of social anomaly, lack of lighting facilities and pollution also ranked first to third, respectively. Ranking based on the Vikor index showed that Moin Ostad neighborhood has the best situation among other neighborhoods in District 9. Social anomaly with beta of 0.398 had the highest impact on spatial quality. The sum of the variables used (spatial quality and social and psychological quality) predicts 55.1% of the variance of defenseless urban space. the results of regression analysis show that spatial, social and psychological quality at the level (α <0.01), are able to predict the defenseless urban space of District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The study of standard regression coefficients showed that among the predictor variables,

The lack of a comprehensive and holistic approach to the urban system, the lack of effective participation and collaboration among stakeholders, and the neglect of a future-oriented approach by urban planners and managers have driven them towards applying new tools, particularly future-oriented approaches and scenario writing in this field. The aim of this research is to investigate the development scenarios of Tehran's urban areas with a future-oriented approach. The research method is descriptive-analytic, and from the perspective of the purpose, it is practical, studying the scenarios of urban development in Tehran with a future-oriented approach. The study population includes all experts and elites in the field of urban management and urban planning, estimated at 35 based on the Cochran model. In this research, interviews with experts were conducted to code and evaluate the data using the average test model in SPSS software, and to analyze the existing scenarios, MICMAC software was used. According to the research findings, the economic and urban management situation are the most effective driving factors in the development of Tehran, and finally, the economic situation and urban management were determined as the two main axes for presenting scenarios. Therefore, four scenarios were presented for the future development of Tehran's metropolis, including sustainable Tehran, powerful Tehran, vulnerable Tehran, and unstable Tehran. The first scenario is desirable, and the other scenarios move towards a suitable situation where strategies have been provided in environmental, economic, physical-technological, social, and administrative-political dimensions.

Today, geotourism as a new trend in the tourism industry, especially ecotourism, in addition to its role in the knowledge and explanation of earth sciences, will also lead to the development of tourism in a region. The aim of the current research is to assess the geotourism capabilities of Teng Takab using two methods Pereira and Reynard. For this purpose, firstly, by examining topographical maps of 1/50000 and geological maps of 1/100000 and field visits, the area was accurately identified. Then, the distribution map and location of geosites in different altitude ranges were prepared in ArcGis 10/4 software. Finally, the geotourism capabilities of the region were evaluated based on the models used. Based on Pereira's model and from the point of view of geomorphological grade and in terms of both scientific value and visibility, the general range of Tang Takab is the most attractive by scoring 3.89 and 3.2 respectively. Also, in terms of Pereira model's management quality and conservation and use values, the beach, power plant, and dam lake have the highest scores among geosites, with scores of 1.60 and 6.35, respectively. Also, based on Reynard's model and from the point of view of the scientific position, Tang Takab and Maroon River area scored 3.10 and 2.9 points, respectively, and in terms of added value, the villages located in Tang have scored a high score (7.24) among other geosites. Based on this, the general range of Tang Takab with a combination of added values that includes all the phenomena in it gets a high score (7.07). Based on the combined value and indicators of this value, the structure of the Maroon Dam, the power plant and the dam lake get the most points (3.30) among other geosites. The results of this research, while ranking the geotourist attractions of the region, can help the authorities in prioritizing investment on geosites in order to attract more tourists.

Geotourism, as a sub-branch of nature-oriented tourism, has many potential capacities for the development of the land and the sustainability of natural resources. In this field, Khuzestan province has many scientific, historical and cultural structures that have high capacities to attract tourists. The purpose of this research is to identify the capabilities of some geotourism places in Khuzestan province and to investigate their importance in attracting tourism in the province. This research is descriptive and analytical, and library, documentary and fieldwork methods were used to collect data. After identifying tourism phenomena and landforms in the study area, the features of each geomorphological landform were completed through experts in the Prolong tables. The results showed that the highest average value of tourism in the province is Shadgan Wetland and Shushtar water structures with (0.66) and (0.63) respectively, and the lowest average value of tourism with (0.33) is related to the coasts of the Persian Gulf. be Shushtar water structures and Karun beaches have the highest productivity value (0.84 and 0.78) and Persian Gulf beaches have the lowest productivity of the study area with (0.12). . Therefore, Shadgan lagoon and Shushtar water structures and Karun beaches should be considered more in terms of investment.