فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 66، زمستان 1403)

Social sustainability is a process for creating sustainable successful places that promote wellbeing, by understanding what people need from the places they live and work. Social sustainability combines design of the physical realm with design of the social world – infrastructure to support social and cultural life, social amenities, systems for citizen engagement, and space for people and places to evolve. That Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used as a tool for environmental and climate action is today evident. AI has a great potential to assess, predict, and mitigate the effects of climate change as it gathers, interprets, and completes large and complex datasets on emissions and climate impact, which provides better solutions for informed decision-making. Artificial intelligence systems are complex socio-technical–ecological systems that are associated with multiple social, environmental, and economic challenges. Current discussions raise the question of whether AI systems impede or support a social and ecologically just society. Given the widespread impact of artificial intelligence technology in improving efficiency, increasing innovation, and enhancing decision-making quality in companies, this technology can play a significant role in promoting social sustainability. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of adopting this technology on social sustainability in knowledge-based companies in Isfahan Province.

This research is developmental-applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative-quantitative in terms of its study approach. In terms of its nature, it is a mixed exploratory study with a cross-sectional time horizon. To collect data in the qualitative section, a systematic literature review was used, and through content analysis, 10 components (effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, trust, privacy and security, work condition, work environment, work safety, and skill development) related to the factors influencing the adoption of artificial intelligence on social sustainability emerged. In the next part, considering the sample size for the population according to Morgan's table, 74 researcher-made questionnaires were completed and collected with the participation of managers of knowledge-based companies in Isfahan Province who are active in the field of information and communication technology. Then, in order to implement the structural equation modeling method, the data was analyzed using the Smart PLS software, and the influential indicators in the adoption of artificial intelligence on social sustainability were classified at four levels, and a power-dependency diagram was drawn for them.

The research findings show that the performance expectancy component is the most effective and influential indicator among the factors influencing the adoption of artificial intelligence on social sustainability, which has a significant impact on other components and therefore should be given more attention. Also, the most affected factors with low driving power are the work environment, social influence, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions. Finally, the increased use of Artificial intelligence systems (AI systems) is associated with multifaceted social, environmental, and economic consequences.

The phenomenon of genius has persisted throughout history, with individuals of exceptional intellect contributing to significant advancements and creative endeavors across different time periods. The rise of exceptional individuals across various domains, including art, mysticism, philosophy, and groundbreaking concepts in the humanities, has often been seen as either fanciful legends or interpreted through a superstitious perspective as divine beings and their guiding spirits. This stems from a lack of understanding of the true nature and essence of genius. The supersensible nature of genius has kept it safe from the grasp of empirical tests; thus, the remarkable effects produced cannot be attributed to any specific cause within the framework of causal relationships. How beautiful it is that this very statement illustrates the distinction and boundary between the natural sciences and the humanities. The natural sciences, as the pride of the age of empiricism, rely on the scientific assertion that every effect has a cause, leading to the discovery of thousands of inventions and the laws governing phenomena—laws whose understanding transformed human dominion over events into dominion over occurrences. However, this is not the case in the humanities, where humans are the agents and causes of every effect they have created and brought into existence.This article aims to recognize and explore this boundless power within human existence. A power that belongs to the noumenal aspect of humanity, whose impact is thousands of times greater than discoveries in the natural sciences. Genius that requires the Idea of freedom for its emergence and manifestation An essence that demands specific conditions for its emergence and manifestation, with a clear example being the intellectual and cultural revolution and the reaching of the peak and perfection, as well as the emergence and birth of seeds of thought, especially in philosophy. Therefore, can we rely on anything other than the understanding of the truth of its nature for the formulation, creation of systematic order, and theorizing about genius? A truth that lies hidden behind appearances and opens a window to absolute, immortal, stable, and eternal knowledge beyond the confines of time and space. A theoretical comprehensiveness that, a priori, prepares the form and structure for giving meaning to life, alas, the pursuit of this concern is the preoccupation of only a few individuals; this is because the application of thought and rational reasoning within the framework of conventional science and the deciphering of purely objective phenomena holds legitimacy.

The pursuit of truth at the level of appearances leads to reliance on the methods of induction and deduction; however, the limitations of this mode of inference become evident when the nature and essence of the subject are different, and this understanding arises that every phenomenon, in appearance, has an essence in its depths. Therefore, we have two paths: First, it should be noted that, like Commons, and through experience and the ideals arising from it, Genesis and formation can be found in the depths of appearances. Then, Synthetic knowledge can be achieved by synthesizing the thesis and concepts in the realm of theoretical reason principles. Alternatively, one could adopt Kant's method of comparative analysis of moral laws with natural laws, preparing forms as a priori synthetic knowledge, and extracting the principles and arguments necessary for theorizing. The second path is to adopt a comparative analytical approach to moral laws and natural laws, as Kant did, preparing forms and structures as a priori synthetic knowledge and extracting the principles and arguments necessary for theorizing. The methodology of this study is based on the second approach. For this reason, it ultimately directs attention to the importance of immediate knowledge compared to acquired knowledge, to marginalize experience and rational reasoning.

results in this research indicate that explaining the supersensible nature of genius will not be possible unless a developed process of thoughts can play a role scientifically (not within the conventional science framework) and within a systematic and unity-creating framework, revolving around free play between imagination and understanding. This process aims to enable the utilization of existential capacities and latent talents. In this process, imagination, through the mediation of the perfection of reason and the flow of the spirit-carrying genius, targets a supersensible understanding and an absolute truth without resorting to sensory perceptions or even the rational knowledge of reasoning, aiming for an infinite goal.

The results of this research find meaning in connection with the findings presented. It emphasizes that explaining how the spirit carrying genius flows directs attention to the fact that genius should be addressed in the realm of presence rather than abstraction. For this reason, exploring its nature in the framework of conventional science will lead nowhere. Moreover, due to the nature previously explained, it requires a specific methodology for theorizing, which has been elaborated upon in another article.Keywords: Genius, creativity, super sensibility, nature, immediate knowledge, Freedom

Entrepreneurial resilience is a fundamental structure in the development of women's entrepreneurship, facing critical issues in development, especially in developing countries. From a scientific point of view, entrepreneurship is one of the interesting fields of research. Because the growth and development of women's entrepreneurship can act as a factor of change and sustainable economic and social development. In this direction, emerging economic countries use different strategies and economic policies. In Iran, women are increasingly present in the management of knowledge-based companies. In such a way that with a growth of 12% in 1402, more than 700 managers of these companies are women. Therefore, the role of women entrepreneurs in managing the knowledge-based ecosystem is vital. This increase in the presence of women in management is not only useful for empowering women, but also for sustainable development and economic growth. This shows that women's entrepreneurship is one of the important factors in the economic and social progress of societies, and paying attention to it can help create job opportunities for women and improve their economic and social status. Women's entrepreneurial activities, due to their positive consequences and special importance in society, can help to better understand the role of women in society and provide useful information to managers and policy makers, so that they can find ways to promote and develop women's entrepreneurial environment in Provide society. Analyzing and investigating the role of women in the field of entrepreneurship can help to better understand the gender composition in society and provide new perspectives in this field. Therefore, the field of women's entrepreneurship as one of the important and attractive research topics has attracted the attention of researchers and scholars all over the world. The present research was conducted with the aim of exploring and validating the predictive model of entrepreneurial resilience in critical conditions in knowledge-based companies. . In terms of paradigm, the present research is in the exploration phase of the interpretive model and in the test phase of the positivist model, and in terms of general pragmatism, and in terms of audience research. The research sample in the qualitative phase of the academic field includes university professors, faculty members, and top female entrepreneurs in knowledge-based companies, and a total of 15 experts were interviewed to collect qualitative data. The mixed research approach and strategy used is thematic analysis according to Clark (2006) using MAXQDA software. The research questionnaire was developed to collect quantitative data according to exploratory factor analysis. In the quantitative part, 227 people were examined as the final sample of the research by using the G power sample size determination software at the alpha level of 0.1 and the test power of 0.85%. The path analysis test of the discovered model is also according to the structural equation modeling algorithm. Variance was analyzed using SPSS, Smart:PLS software. The output of the research showed that 34 indicators and 6 predictors of initiative and innovation, independence in decision making, individual development, support policies, entrepreneurial networks, and organizational drivers were identified for this purpose.

Entrepreneurial self efficacy is not a steady concept and changes dynamically and continuously in a different stages of venture creation and growth, following the circumstances alteration in different ways. Many studies have been conducted in various disciplines in relation to entrepreneurial self efficacy, however, there is a lack of knowledges about how entrepreneurial self efficacy changes and what are the sources and antecedents of such changes. The aim of this study is to investigate how entrepreneurial self efficacy alters and identify its sources. In order to achieve the goals of the research, qualitative systematic review methods and thematic synthesis approach were used. Thematic synthesis uses principles of thematic analysis and has developed in the social sciences to synthesis primary studies and specifically to answer the questions of systematic reviews. Thematic synthesis combines and adapts characteristics from both meta-ethnography and grounded theory methods. In the first case, the development of descriptive and analytical themes requires cross-translation and constant comparison, and in the later case, primary studies are analyzed as units rather than original texts and transcripts. In addition to factors that strengthen entrepreneurial self efficacy, sources were identified that weaken entrepreneurial self efficacy, and this demonstrates the dynamism of entrepreneurial self efficacy. Entrepreneurial performance, which has an extensive theoretical foundation and empirical research support as an output of entrepreneurial self efficacy, was also identified as a source of entrepreneurial self efficacy changes. While most studies have shown that the failure of a venture has a negative effect on the self efficacy and failed entrepreneurs may not become serial entrepreneurs, but there are some studies, which explain that all failed entrepreneurs do not move towards negative and hopeless feelings and do not leave entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial self efficacy is generally considered as a predictor of entrepreneurial performance, but excessive self efficacy due to cognitive bias leads to reduced performance. Ability overestimations sometimes arise from task ambiguities. Finally according to social cognitive theory, individual characteristics as antecedents of self efficacy, even constant characteristics, probably influence people's judgments about their physiological states from the path of somatic and emotional states, in response to situations. This could alter level of self efficacy to perform entrepreneurial activities. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the dynamic and variable nature of entrepreneurial self efficacy, as it is an important construct in predicting entrepreneurial behavior and performance. Following the findings, two topics for future studies are suggested, including empirical research on the process of maintaining self efficacy after business failure, coping with challenges, and maintaining a positive physical and mental state in the future, and empirical and applied research to find the optimal range and solutions for increasing or decreasing entrepreneurial self efficacy over time depending on the circumstances.

This study explores the critical role of enhancing the quantity and quality of knowledge-based products in knowledge-based market formation within Iran, with a particular focus on the medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) industry. The main objective is to analyze the current state of entrepreneurial marketing in knowledge-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in MAP sector in Iran and further investigate how transformation in company marketing strategies, alongside the strengthening of innovation and entrepreneurship, leads to the formation of a macro-market for an ecosystem and an entire industry. These findings are essential for increasing the competitiveness of firms in a rapidly evolving technological innovation system. Furthermore, this study investigates the alignment of entrepreneurial marketing strategies with the unique needs and constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in this sector. The research methodology is empirical and applied, employing a robust mixed methods approach through a sequential explanatory design using , including both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was conducted through surveys and questionnaires distributed to SMEs engaged in the medicinal and aromatic plants industry across Iran. The collected data were analyzed using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). These analytical methods were chosen to uncover both direct and indirect relationships between various dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing and firm performance. Additionally, experts' opinions were utilized for further analysis of the findings. The findings of this study reveal significant variability in the responses to different dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing, with average scores ranging between 3/67 and 4/26. The strongest correlation was observed between the dimensions of innovativeness and opportunity focus, with a correlation coefficient of 0/677. These two dimensions were identified as particularly critical in driving firm performance within the industry. The correlation coefficient of other dimensions is also higher than average. Moreover, the results from the SEM analysis emphasized that dimensions such as innovativeness, opportunity focus, and customer intensity exert the most substantial impact on overall firm performance. The study suggests that SMEs which prioritize these key dimensions are better positioned to gain a competitive advantage and achieve long-term success in both domestic and international markets. On the other hand, firms assign relatively low importance to the risk-taking dimension, which could negatively impact the market formation. The study concludes that knowledge-based SMEs in Iran’s medicinal and aromatic plants sector are increasingly keen on adopting and implementing entrepreneurial marketing strategies, especially those that emphasize marketing-related dimensions. However, for the successful formation and sustained growth of a knowledge-based market in this industry, a concentrated focus on enhancing innovativeness, risk-taking, opportunity focus, and customer intensity is crucial. These dimensions are essential for fostering a competitive and sustainable market environment that will empower these SMEs to thrive and achieve long-term success. Additionally, the study suggests that supportive policies and infrastructure are necessary to facilitate the broader adoption of these entrepreneurial marketing practices across the industry, ensuring that the sector can fully leverage its potential in the global marketplace.

The construction industry is one of the largest and most energy-intensive industries in the country, contributing greatly to environmental pollution and resource waste. It can be acknowledged that the construction industry, as one of the most important and fundamental industries in the development of the country, plays a major role in the consumption of national resources and capital. The circular economy challenges the thinking of the linear economy with the aim of maximizing the use of resources and minimizing waste. Implementing a circular economy in the construction industry can bring many positive changes, but to achieve this, fundamental changes are needed in the methods of design, construction, use of resources, and innovation in business models. Strategic entrepreneurship can introduce innovative processes that help reduce costs and improve productivity in construction projects. In order for this economy to be implemented properly, there is a need to benefit from strategic entrepreneurship that can identify and exploit trends, needs, and market changes in the construction industry. Construction projects are known as one of the main sectors of the construction industry in the country, which have many impacts on the economy, environment, and society. In this regard, the use of strategic entrepreneurship in construction projects can play a key role in advancing the circular economy in the country. The aim of this research is to measure strategic entrepreneurship with a circular economy approach in construction projects. The methodology used in this research is based on “Research Onion” model. The Research Onion is a six-layer model that specifies the philosophy, approach, strategy, method, time horizon, and method of collecting and analyzing research data. In the Research Onion, a study is composed of different layers, in which each layer is affected by its higher layers. These layers, which are also arranged in order of importance, are: Layer 1: Research Philosophies, Layer 2: Research Approaches, Layer 3: Research Strategies, Layer 4: Research Methods, Layer 5: Research Time Horizon, and Layer 6: Research Data Collection and Analysis Method. This research is a mixed research that uses qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and analyze data. This research was conducted in 2024. The qualitative research method includes conducting 15 semi-structured interviews with CEOs and project managers of active construction companies in residential and commercial projects in Tehran in order to apply the circular economy approach in construction projects. In conducting the interviews, Jacqueline Kramer's Ten Principles of Circular Economy were considered, and ultimately 50 themes from the application of the Ten Principles of Circular Economy were extracted from the content of the interviewees. In a quantitative research method based on the Naeji and Sayadat Strategic Entrepreneurship Questionnaire, the status of each of the five components of strategic entrepreneurship with a circular economy approach in construction projects was assessed with the participation of 85 senior managers of construction contracting companies. The research findings indicate the average status of each of the five components of strategic entrepreneurship, namely Continuous innovation, Opportunity-based mindset, Proactive behaviour, Risk taking, and Capability of value creation, in the application of the circular economy approach in construction projects. Rethinking and effective orientation in each of the components of strategic entrepreneurship by active companies in the construction industry should be given more special attention than before.

The creative industries, encompassing scientific, artistic, economic, and technological creativity, play a pivotal role in economic development and innovation in today’s world. These industries, which include fields such as design, architecture, fashion, media, video games, and software development, are in the early stages of growth in our country. Despite their considerable potential, they face various developmental challenges. For maximizing these industries' capacities, the active presence of entrepreneurs and the enhancement of their technological competencies are essential. One of the most critical factors that can contribute to the success of technological entrepreneurship in this sector is social networks, which enable entrepreneurs to exchange knowledge and access diverse resources. This study aims to examine the influence of social networks on technological entrepreneurial performance within the creative industries. Specifically, it seeks to understand whether social networks serve as a tool for improving entrepreneurs' performance in technological fields, increasing entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, and fostering risk tolerance. This research is applied in nature and utilizes a survey method for data collection. The necessary data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among experts, entrepreneurs, and active participants in the creative industries sector. The study’s statistical sample consists of 384 individuals from this field, determined using the Cochran formula. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) methodology. The findings indicate that social networks have a direct positive effect on enhancing technological entrepreneurial performance. Additionally, social networks indirectly boost entrepreneurial performance by increasing opportunity recognition and strengthening entrepreneurs' risk-taking tendencies. The results suggest that entrepreneurs who use social networks to connect and access knowledge are better positioned to recognize opportunities and demonstrate greater willingness to take risks. These findings underscore the significance of social networks as a resource for the growth and development of entrepreneurship within the creative industries. The innovation of this research lies in emphasizing the role of social networks as a crucial tool for fostering technological entrepreneurship in creative industries. Moreover, understanding that social networks can provide a platform for knowledge exchange and support the processes of creativity and innovation contributes to the existing literature. This research highlights the importance of establishing suitable networking infrastructures and providing interactive opportunities for entrepreneurs in creative industries to enhance technological entrepreneurship. Based on these findings, it is recommended that supportive institutions such as accelerators and incubators create specialized social networks and hold relevant events to provide entrepreneurs with the resources and knowledge they need. Furthermore, strengthening relationships with social media platforms can offer new opportunities for innovation and access to diverse experiences for entrepreneurs in this sector, fostering their international growth and development.Keywords: Social Networks, Entrepreneurial Performance, Technology, Creative Industries, Technological Innovation, Risk-TakingKeywords: Social Networks, Entrepreneurial Performance, Technology, Creative Industries, Technological Innovation, Risk-Taking

This article analyzes the antecedents and consequences of sustainable marketing strategies in the construction industry. The current article is applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose, and it is survey-cross-sectional research from the point of view of the data collection method. A mixed exploratory design was used to achieve the goal of the research. The community of participants in the qualitative section includes the managers of the Iran Sustainable Building Council. Sampling was done in a targeted way and theoretical saturation was achieved with 21 people. The statistical population of the quantitative part also includes experts in the construction industry, which was estimated to be 130 people using the effect size and test power method. The required sample volume was provided by a simple random sampling method. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The basic categories of sustainable marketing were identified by the grounded theoretical method and the v. Qualitative data analysis was done with Maxqda 20 software and the quantitative part with LISREL 10. The research findings showed that based on the research paradigm model, organizational factors, customer factors, and environmental factors affect sustainable marketing. The sustainability infrastructure of the construction industry provides the necessary platform and the obstacles of sustainability in the construction industry play the role of an interventionist. Finally, strategies lead to environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. Therefore, it can be concluded that through sustainable marketing, it is possible to create marketing for green and sustainable structures by informing the people of society as housing consumers, in which both the builders benefit from the economic benefits and the social rights of the people are respected, and finally, the least risks for the environment.Keywords: sustainable marketing, construction industry, mixed researchThe movement of sustainability and moving towards greenness is something that all industries and businesses have put on their agenda, and this issue is undoubtedly of special importance for the construction industry [1]. Buildings account for 30% of global final energy consumption and 26% of energy-related greenhouse gas and heat energy emissions (8% of direct emissions in buildings and 18% of indirect emissions from the production of electricity and heat used in buildings). Therefore, it is imperative that the construction industry moves towards sustainability and building eco-friendly homes.Sustainability: The concept of sustainability was proposed in the Bratland report entitled "Our Common Future" in 1987 by the United Nations at Oxford University. This Bratland Commission was formerly known as the World Commission on Environment and Development. After that, it soon became the agenda of governments, regional and local managers, as well as businesses. Of course, this concept was previously proposed in the studies of Barbara Ward and René Dubo in 1972 in a book titled "Only One Earth" and then it was conceptualized and introduced in 1973 in the World Institute for Environment and Development. In this new concept, sustainability was redefined based on social, economic and environmental dimensions [14]. Sustainability was introduced as a new approach in various business fields and the extension of sustainability was added to the traditional fields of organization and management. Marketing is not exempt from this issue and the concept of sustainable marketing soon replaced the traditional approach to marketing