مجله جامعه شناسی سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 23 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

The fall of the republican regime and the return of the Taliban to power on December 14, 2019, was an unexpected development that exposed the failure of two decades of efforts to establish democracy and modern statehood in Afghanistan. The Taliban, representing extreme traditionalism and imposing severe restrictions on human rights, have created an ambiguous future for the governance of this country. This research seeks to identify the factors influencing the future of Taliban governance in Afghanistan and to predict potential scenarios. Using the scenario analysis method and qualitative research, data were collected and reviewed through the analysis of documents, reports, and interviews. The focus of this article is to analyze the future of Taliban governance, which encompasses the consolidation of power, internal resistance, and the influence of regional and international powers. The research hypothesis posits that internal factors, such as social and economic structures, along with international factors, including the positions of regional and global powers, shape the trajectory of Taliban governance. This path may involve the consolidation of the Taliban government, the rise of domestic resistance, or a shift in the role of international powers. The results of the research can enhance understanding of the challenges facing Afghanistan and enable domestic and foreign policymakers to make more informed decisions .

In recent years, the analysis of speeches by political and religious officials worldwide has received great attention and interest. One of the most analytically robust and compelling theories in this field is the speech act theory developed by John Austin and John Searle. In his theory, John Searle categorized speech acts into five types: declarative, persuasive, commitment, expressive, and emotional. This article aims to analyze the speeches and statements of Imam Khomeini (RA) regarding the Palestinian issue through the lens of the speech act theories of J.L. Austin and John Searle. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and employs a method that aligns the subject with the relevant theory. The statistical population consists of a compilation of speeches by Imam Khomeini (RA) regarding the Palestinian issue, spanning from 1978 (following the victory of the revolution) until his passing on June 14, 1989. These speeches are documented in the book "Sahifeh Imam, which serves as the most comprehensive collection of the written works and statements of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data collection method utilized a library approach, employing a card-taking tool and a total count strategy. The research findings indicated that, out of a total of 419.2 speech acts analyzed in this text, persuasive acts numbered 868, declarative acts totaled 847, and emotional acts reached 595, representing the largest categories. In contrast, commitment acts accounted for 104, while the smallest category was declarative acts, which numbered only 5. The results indicate the speaker's dissatisfaction with the current situation in Palestine and the Islamic world. In other words, Imam Khomeini (RA) has sought to express his discontent to the audience through persuasive, declarative, and emotional statements, aiming to motivate them to change the existing circumstances.

The issue of unity has been a strategic concern for the Islamic world over the past few decades. This issue is influenced by various causes and factors, with stakeholders holding differing opinions on goals and strategies. This research aims to address the following question: Who are the key actors promoting unity in the Islamic world? What strategies do these actors employ? What are the unifying factors within the Islamic world? What strategies are available to the actors that influence unity in the Islamic world? To address the questions posed above, we utilized the method of analyzing the structure and strategies of actors, along with the MECTOR software tool. This means that, initially, a targeted environmental survey of texts and sources was conducted, utilizing the perspectives of influential figures. This process identified the key actors impacting the unity of the Islamic world (15 actors) and the strategies associated with their objectives (13 strategies) for achieving that unity. Subsequently, an expert questionnaire measured the extent of the actors' influence on one another and their positions regarding the established goals. Their views were then analyzed. The research findings indicate that the involvement of regional and international actors, along with the conflicting interests of each influential party regarding convergence and unity in the Islamic world, has complicated the pursuit of unity, rendering it increasingly elusive. The most effective strategies the Islamic world can adopt to achieve unity are institution-building and establishing an Islamic common market. By aligning economic interests with these institutional developments, the Islamic world can advance to a new stage of unity.

The aim of this study is to identify effective indicators of political development in Iran following the Islamic Revolution, grounded in the theory of participation. In this study, it was essential to consider the context and background of the research while exploring the phenomenon from various dimensions by extracting the tacit knowledge of experts. Therefore, a qualitative method was employed, which is a flexible approach that yields spontaneous findings. Among the various qualitative research strategies, the grounded theory strategy was utilized. The research population consisted of 15 experts in the fields of politics and economics. The sample size in the present study is determined using the principle of theoretical saturation, and participants are selected through purposive sampling. The methods of collecting research information are divided into two categories: library research and field research, which includes the interview method. Library methods are employed to gather information pertaining to the subject literature, research background, and field methods, which involve collecting data through interviews with research experts. The research findings indicated that after examining the open codes and categorizing them, the researcher organized the data into 30 categories using the Strauss and Corbin paradigm. Through conducting interviews and analyzing the data, the researcher gained a deeper understanding of the issues presented. Based on the findings from the qualitative section, it was determined that the causal indicators related to political development in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, according to the theory of participation, include the quality of citizens' working life, freedom of expression, accountability and responsibility, societal culture, and foundational legal documents. Additionally, the contextual indicators associated with political development in Iran post-Islamic Revolution, as per the theory of participation, encompass education and skill development, team building, socio-cultural needs, legal requirements, and information technology infrastructure.

Islamic civilization adopts a universal approach to women's rights and has consistently recognized the importance of women throughout history. From a time when women were denied even the most basic rights to the present day, when numerous international documents have been established to promote and protect women's rights, this commitment remains evident. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of women's political rights within Islamic civilization and international documents. It seeks to answer the question of whether women's political rights have been disrespected in Islam when compared to international standards. The research method employed in this study is qualitative and documentary. The researcher examines and analyzes credible research documents, including verses from the Holy Quran, narrations, and hadiths. Based on these sources, along with relevant interpretations, the study presents its findings and interpretations. The results indicate that Islamic civilization, recognized as one of the oldest and most reliable frameworks, has consistently maintained a positive perspective on the realization of women's rights across various domains, particularly in the political arena. A comparative study of women’s political rights in Islamic law and international documents reveals that both serve as sources of these rights; however, there are notable differences in their specifics and implementation. Islam grants women the right to engage in political decision-making as well as to participate in local and national elections. The verses of the Quran and the narrations of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) affirm that Muslim women have both the right and the duty to engage in societal and communal affairs. Additionally, women's political rights are recognized in various international documents. The United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights affirm that women's political rights are fundamental human rights. These documents guarantee women the right to vote, the right to participate in elections, and the right to engage in political decision-making processes.

First, in this article, the writings of Ayatollah Taleghani and Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi were studied, and then, in order to compare their views, we made a table, which includes columns of the common and different points of the opinions of these two scientists. And by using the method of qualitative analysis - thematic analysis - to these questions: (What are the views and definitions of Taleghani and Mesbah-Yazdi regarding the concepts of "Revolution" and "Islamic Revolution of Iran"? And what are the theoretical differences? Answer gave we have given.Then we concluded that they agree on the definition of revolution in the foundations of Islamic ontology and epistemology. But Mr. Taleghani's approach has one-factor, negative, political characteristics and the propositions "relationship between the tyrant and the oppressed" and "the role of the masses and the council in the government" are visible in his definition of "revolution" and the concept of "democracy" in the proposition "religious democracy" It is of great importance to him.However, Mr. Mesbah-Yazdi's approach has positive, cultural, and multifactorial characteristics, and the concepts of "the role of the leader, people, elites, agents, and social institutions" are evident in his definition of "revolution". Also, the concept of "Islamism" in the proposition of "religious democracy" is more important for him.

One of the defining characteristics of artistic products is their ability to reflect the realities of society. Due to their presence in society, artists unconsciously reflect their surrounding environment in their works of art. This issue has a more serious aspect concerning intellectuals who create works of art. Because they are self-aware and aim to enlighten others by expanding their thoughts and perspectives, they produce works that serve as a clear reflection of the political, cultural, and social conditions of their society at that time. This issue also requires examination and analysis concerning the artistic intellectuals of the second Pahlavi era, particularly the filmmakers of that time. The filmmakers of this era have distinct connections to the people and society of their time and are also influenced by revolutionary movements. The Islamic Revolution emerged in response to the prevailing conditions under the Pahlavi dynasty. The aim of this research is to analyze the political and social trends associated with intellectual cinema during the last two decades of the Pahlavi dynasty and to explore the potential interactions between the two. This study considers issues such as the possible impact of cinematic approaches, personalities, and themes on the articulation of the discourse surrounding the Islamic Revolution and the political forces at play. This article aims to address the question of how cinematic intellectuals responded to the Islamic Revolution of Iran between 1963 and 1978. The findings of this research can be summarized as follows: the cinematic works produced by the intellectual movement during this period were able to foster a parallel process of civil struggle that aligned with the Islamic Revolution. Initially, the convergence with the elements and discourse of the Islamic Revolution resulted in both harmonious and contradictory effects.

Given the growing role of women in the development of nations, various global institutions, including the World Economic Forum, now monitor gender issues and assess and rank countries accordingly. The World Economic Forum has published its annual reports since 2006, utilizing four key indicators: economic opportunity and participation, educational achievement, health and survival, and political empowerment. Notably, Iran has consistently ranked lower than other countries in the political empowerment index, often placing at the bottom of the Forum's ranking table. This study aims to examine the perspectives of two different development plan on women's political empowerment in Iran. Since the Fifth Development Plan was formulated and implemented during Ahmadinejad’s administration, and the Sixth Plan was established under Rouhani’s administration, a pertinent question arises: What perspectives did the Fifth and Sixth Development Plans adopt regarding the gender gap in the women’s political empowerment index? It appears that the Moderate government, along with the Sixth Development Plan, placed greater emphasis on women's participation in the country's development, leading to an increase in women's political empowerment. The present study initially analyzed the text of the Fifth and Sixth Development Plans law using content analysis. By extracting fundamental, organizational, and comprehensive themes, it assessed the level of attention given by both conservative and moderate governments to the aforementioned index. It then analyzes the actions of both conservative and reformist governments regarding women's political empowerment. Additionally, it evaluates Iran's score and ranking in the World Economic Forum and compares the gender gap in this indicator across the fifth and sixth development plans.