نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 85 (پاییز 1403)

The present study adopts the French School of Comparative Literature methodology to introduce Anjuman and to explore the historical and thematic relationships between her poetry and that of Farrokhzad. Using content analysis and comparative approaches, the research examines feminist themes in their works and their portrayals of female identity.The findings suggest that Anjuman was well-acquainted with Farrokhzad's poetry and philosophical outlook, which profoundly influenced her creative expression. Her work reflects themes central to feminist literature, including the assertion of women's love and identity, resistance to patriarchy, critiques of social inequalities, and the articulation of women's desires and aspirations. These shared concerns highlight Anjuman's intellectual and poetic engagement with Farrokhzad's legacy. However, significant differences emerge in their approaches: Farrokhzad openly addressed women's issues, challenging societal norms with bold language. By contrast, Anjuman's poetic expression, constrained by Afghanistan's restrictive social context, remains comparatively reserved and avoids directly challenging established norms. Nonetheless, her work symbolizes the voice of Afghan women striving for representation in a challenging socio-cultural landscape.

In this article, a famous sonnet by Hafez is briefly analyzed based on Van Dijk's (professor of discourse analysis) ideological square & Based on some discursive factors, it is analyzed and interpreted in terms of form and content and it is analyzed how Hafez highlighted the positive characteristics of "we" (Hafez, mystics) while writing a lyric. And he has distinguished the negative characteristics of "others" (the kings). And he has shown the negative qualities of "self" and the positive qualities of "others" and he shows that they are less important. These four cases are the basic cases of Van Dijk's theory in the analysis of texts and speeches. The main goal of this research is to know more about the moral and social views of Hafez and his time through the poems that From the point of view of the theory of critical discourse analysis, it has been evaluated.The method of this research is descriptive-analytical (qualitative) and its data was collected using the library method. Among the results of the current research is this that by introducing the linguistic and rhetorical methods of Hafez & in expressing moral and critical issues, his great human and social concerns should be introduced. In this way, Hafez has expressed his critical discourse by using direct and indirect expression, and by using appropriate vocabulary and syntax and rhetorical ironics. He criticizes us by highlighting our positive qualities such as avoiding bad language and prejudice and avoiding wrongdoing, and he has talked about the negative characteristics of others such as saying bad things and hearing bad things, thinking bad things and slandering.

In this research, an attempt has been made to study the short story "The demon possessed  Man" written by Mehdi Akhavan-e-Sales in a descriptive-analytical manner from the perspective of his pioneering in writing a modern poetic short story. The subject of this story is the author's critique of the situation of the bewildered contemporary intellectual (urban class) in society. The result shows that the author, using Impressionist language, has acted in drawing the mental states of the pivotal person in such a way that the plot of the story is out of linear mode, and regardless of the events and the reasons for their formation, it is structural. Found minimalist. Of course, this model has been left out of the ancient structures of Iranian fiction based on the travel model. Hence, the central figure in his story has replaced a particular intellectual mood before he became important as an actor in the narrative.

Nader Ebrahimi has published 49 works for children and young adults, the impact of political-social discourses on which has not yet been examined in any research using a discourse analysis approach. This article draws on two discourse analysis theories—those of James Paul Gee and Norman Fairclough—to demonstrate the impact of political-social discourses on Ebrahimi’s children’s and young adults’ works. Research findings show that “love of Iran” was always a central concern in Ebrahimi’s works, except that, under the influence of political and social developments, elements are added to or subtracted from this nationalist discourse: (1) in the years before the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Ebrahimi’s fiction tends to fall under endogenous national discourses, underscoring national endeavor to build Iran; (2) during the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the element of “politics” clearly finds its way into his fiction, subsuming his works under a revolutionary discourse centered on combating tyranny and honoring the revolution and the campaigns by revolutionaries; (3) after the Iran-Iraq war, his fiction can be formulated under the “construction discourse,” in which love of Iran is still pivotal, and more than anything else, it emphasizes Iran’s potential for industry and economic development. His literature in this period remains political, and the “anti-Western” element is more evident in his works relative to his previous works.

In this research the  the initiator analysis has been used to analyze the text of Suhrawardy fotovvatnameh and discover the mechanism between the authors mind and language and the socio-cultural context of the text and also to analyze the thought components hidden in it by systematic role (role – oriented ) linguists because the initiator  as the starting point of the message allows the speaker  to process the text message and also to determine the action and thought orientation of the message for the audience.by analyzing the types of   initiators in this text  thr following results were attained.the subsequent of experimental initiators  in this texts shows the dominance of explicit and positive action in the authors discourse.it strengths this them to the shite base(under the direct  support of caliph Nasser el din allah).the significant reduction of interpersonal initiators indicates the low level of communication  and interactional actions in the text and confirms the strengthening of monophonic  and authoritative discourse purposes in experimental structures (legislative,legitimacy and positive and explicit actions .among text initiators , structural elements  are more prominent  than the other two types(continuity and link addition due to the role they play in text coherence and development.in this text, the frequency of simple and unambiguous  initiator is more than compound and symbolic initiators.the effect of which can be seen in the text in the form of linguistic and grammatical ease and regularity while textual coherence in the text of the ideological discourse of the text.

Therefore, our main question is what semiotic model can be sought in the context of these philosophical theories, what is the evolutionary relationship of these models with each other and what is the relationship between the Iranian semiotic model and the West.The findings show in the Iranian philosophical tradition, in the heritage of Farabi and Avicenna, an epistemic system which has roots in Aristotelian and Neoplatonic thinking based on rational presupposition of priori categories. To them, the beginning of the sign is where the active intellect adapts the forms of a prior art imaginable to material matters. As a result, Farabi and Avicenna represent a semiotic system in a modern sense. But Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra introduce an evolutionary epistemic system, indicating the beginning of the abstract movement of the thinkers. This theory is similar to the ideas of the Renaissance in Europe and adapts to the modernist theories of semiotics. According Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra, there are no selfsame signs. In their semiotics, except by the mind, the sign cannot reach the field of creativity and semantic interpretation. For them, the sign flows through the steady evolution of sensory differentiation into abstract and collective space. We show in his paper the usefulness of this implicit semiotics as a method for textual analyzing by analyzing a visual-verbal literary text.