نشریه جستارهای تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

Shia scholars in different periods of history, according to the political situations and compliance of governments, cooperated with the rulers of the time to apply Islamic rules. One of these historical periods is the period of Mongol rule. The religious tolerance of the Mongols due to unfamiliarity with Islam and Islamic sects caused this government to cooperate with Shi’a and Sunni scholars. The goal of this research is to express the impact of Allameh Helli's cultural activities in the spread of Shi’ism through promoting Shi’ite beliefs, creating movable schools, compiling books and conducting scientific debates. This research has been done using the historical-analytical method and making use of historical, theological, translation and jurisprudential sources. Allameh Helli's efforts made the Shi’a religion to be declared as the official religion in Iran in a short period of time (709-716 AH), so that the Shi’ites could expand their scientific activities. Allameh Helli played a significant role in this development by training his students and writing books in jurisprudence, moral, theological and religious sciences, as well as making movable schools and debating with Sunni scholars.

The vital role of culture as the main infrastructure of the evolution and development of other aspects of the society shows the importance of this subject. The Holy Prophet (pbuh), relying on ideological and intellectual developments, established the foundation of a new culture, which gave the polytheistic Arab society a divine direction towards evolution, progress and excellence. Exploring the role of Islamic beliefs in the development of Islamic culture in the era of the Prophet (PBUH) is the focus of the present research, so that in the light of it, we can grasp the changes that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) brought about in the culture of the people of the Arabia.  The present article, by the descriptive-analytical method and using the verses of the Holy Quran and providing historical documents, explained and analyzed belief and faith in the development of Islamic culture in the Prophet's (PBUH) era. Expressing and propagating the correct attitude towards the truth of man and the world, reinforcing and consolidating beliefs, stability and uncompromisingness on principles and beliefs, and avoiding superficiality, are findings that have played a role in the development of the culture of the Prophet's (PBUH) era.

Reflecting on the contents of some verses and narrations related to the great personality of Ja’far ibn Abi Talib (a.s.), we clearly find that he was one of the few companions of the Prophet who was successful in the field of "ascending arc" (approaching God). His spiritual dignity has caused Muslim scholars to identify and explain his accomplishment in their writings; however, none of them has identified and analyzed the influential factors in his achievement. This article, in a descriptive-analytical way and using library and software resources, answers the question: "What are the fundamental effective factors in Ja’far ibn Abi Talib's spiritual evolution?”. According to the findings of the research, these aspects are classified in two categories: epistemic-cognitive and behavioral-practical. Matters such as knowledge of God and true faith in Him, knowledge and true belief in the Prophethood of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and complete obedience of the Prophet, knowledge of the Resurrection and true faith in it, and sincere worship are among the epistemological-cognitive aspects. Right deeds such as donating for the God’s sake, all-round patience in the way of God's service, emigration to preserve the religion, martyrdom in order to preserve the religion and the survival of the teachings of the Qur'an and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) are behavioral-practical components.

Wafedat is a historical term for women who were called to Mu’awiyah 's presence after he came to power due to their defense of Imam Ali (a.s.) in the battle of Saffin and inspiring the army with their epic poems and words. Their status in Muawiyah's Majlis and the details of the conversations between the two sides have been mentioned in the sources, especially in the historical and literary sources of Sunnis. This research is to present how some of these women refer to or cite Ghadir's Hadith and to analyze the historical data of these meetings. Due to the efforts of the three caliphs and more than them, Mu’awiyah to remove the Ghadir incident from historical memory, both oral and written history of Muslims, the importance of explaining these statements is multiplied. According to the findings of the research, among the sixteen women mentioned in Akhbar al-Wafedat, written by Abbas bin Bakr Dhabi, seven women referred to the hadith of Ghadir. Um-Sanan and Darmiyyah Hajjuniyyah emphasized the Hadith of Ghadir and its message by using the key words of the Hadith of Ghadir such as "aula", "aula Bel amr", "Usi al-Nabi" and "Aqd lahu  Rasulullah (SAW) men Welayat", and the other women using expressions such as "Akhazta ghaira Haqqak", "Heyhat dhak [al-Khalafah]", "Nahno ahaqqo bi hadh al-amre minkum" and so on, emphasizing the unlawfulness of Muawiya'hs caliphate, pointed to the event and hadith of Ghadir.

The religion of Islam emerged in a land rich in poetry; the Arab people were masters in speech and eloquence and were powerful in rhetoric, and valued poetry a lot. Poetry was considered as a proof of Arabs' virtues, vices, genealogy, time and history; it was regarded all their knowledge and life. One of the tools of the Arabs to express their feelings in the grief of losing their elders is the elegies they sing in their mourning. One of the elegies written in the grief of " Ja’far ibn Abi Talib " is composed by "Hessan ibn Thabet Ansari". He was among the poets who wrote many poems in praise of the Prophet (PBUH) and elegies for the mourning of great Arab figures. The present article, analyzing Hessan's elegy about Ja’far ibn Abi Talib based on lexical and historical sources, came to the conclusion that such poems, in addition to explaining the extent of grief and sorrow in a person's death, introduce him, which represent the special status of people and make them ever-lasting.

Moving towards success and happiness is one of the basic needs of human societies, which can be obtained by designing a suitable policy. Muslim societies also need this development and they can achieve this goal by taking inspiration from the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This article examines the concept of transformation in the cultural life of the Prophet (PBUH) and tries to explain its dimensions and examples. Therefore, using the methodology of qualitative research and grounded theory, the concepts related to the cultural life of the Prophet (PBUH) have been extracted and their relationships have been analyzed. The findings of the research show that the concept of transformation in the life of the Prophet (PBUH) can be seen in the family and society of the Prophetic era. This development is interpreted as a positive change, some categories of which have been accepted and some have been modified. Also, different types of transformation, including transformation, evolution and decay, have been identified.