نشریه صنعت لاستیک ایران
پیاپی 115 (پاییز 1403)

Preventing the challenges of rubber recycling requires the development of reversible curing methods, which on the one hand include favorable mechanical properties in the rubber compound, and on the other hand, enable the reuse of rubber parts. These methods include the use of thermoplastic elastomers, covalent reversible curing, and non-covalent reversible curing. The complete or partial replacement of irreversible crosslinking systems with this type of reversible junction is a new perspective and a preventive approach to solving the tire recycling challenge. The use of reversible covalent bonds such as Diels-Alder seems to be important for engineering applications. Due to the slow kinetics of Diels-Alder reverse reactions at the tire operating temperatures of Tire (the maximum temperature of which can be 80 °C), it is predicted that Diels-Alder chemistry can be a promising successful system. Vit rimer chemistry is another successful method in creating cure reversibility for rubber. Implementing this method with its great diversity in the chemical agents used is also possible. The use of physical bonds and supramolecular in teractions has attracted a lot of research, but the mechanical properties obtained in this method are usually weaker than other reversible chemical methods. It has been reported that thermoplastic elastomers based on styrene block copolymers are efficient for tire applications. The important question is the ability to use this new type of polymer matrix in tire application and how it affects the engineering properties of the tire tread. The results have shown that thermoplastic elastomers, as the most effective candidate for solving the rubber recycling challenge have had an .additional important effect on reducing rolling resistance and other properties of the magic triangle of tires.

Fillers are widely used in the rubber industry for many applications such as oil seals and automotive parts, as well as in bulk products such as tires, tapes, and rubber hoses. Precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) is one of the important synthetic powders that are widely used as fillers in order to reduce costs in the rubber industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of NR/SBR rubber compound with CaCO3 powder. In this study, the effect of brine precipitated calcium carbonate on the firing behavior of NR/SBR compounds reinforced with carbon black was investigated, and in order to compare, the compound with brine precipitated calcium carbonate and the compound without brine precipitated calcium carbonate were investigated using the sulfur firing system. took The results showed that the addition of sedimentary calcium carbonate in brine increases the hardness, tensile strength, and percentage increase in length and density, and on the other hand, it causes a decrease in fatigue resistance and wear resistance.

In the design of radial and bus tires, the examination of various components of truck radial tire for achieving desirable properties such as strength, wear, noise and rolling resistance to optimize the tire are important. In this article, the influence of various parameters such as tread depth, wire strength, number of wires, belt width, and apex type on the rolling resistance is numerically investigated by using finite element software (ABAQUS). In order to simulate the belts and their angles, the Rebar model is used. Due to large deformations in the tire, non-linear boundary conditions at the tire-road contact boundary and hyper-elastic and viscoelastic behaviors of the rubbers, the considered model will include non-linear deformations. By using the method of experimental design and Taguchi, the optimized tire structure optimization is achieved in order to minimize the rolling resistance.

The Rubber and Tire industry is one of the strategic industries in our country , due to the high consumption of water and energy in various forms in this industry and the problems caused by the reduction of water resources and the high cost of energy as well as environmental issues one of the concerns of the activists of this industry is new methods and technologies to reduce per capita consumption of water and energy compared to tons of product production and bring it to the level of acceptable international standards. One of the basic requirements in Tire and Rubber production lines is the supply of industrial cooling water, which is used in high volumes in this industry. In this research, according to past experiences in the design and implementation of tire factories, it has been tried to use heat Recycled steam returned from the production line to supply cooling water and also prevent the waste of returned steam and finally reduce water and energy consumption in a typical tire production factory )Kurdistan Barez Tire & Rubber Co.

The purpose of the current research is to identify the requirements of using block chain technology in the supply chain of Golrang Industrial Group. This research is applied based on the purpose and qualitative in terms of the research approach. This research is one of the mixed researches that identified the requirements of using block chain technology in the supply chain of Golrang Industrial Group. The research method is applied according to the purpose and descriptive-survey according to the data collection method. The statistical population of this research was the food industry factories of Golrang Industrial Group. The participants in the qualitative section included 10 experts and specialists in the food industry, as well as university professors and specialists, who were selected purposefully. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included the managers and employees of the production and supply chain unit, whose number was 78, and was selected purposefully. To analyze the data of the qualitative part, the theme analysis method was used, and also to analyze the data of the quantitative part, the method of structural equations and PLS.3 software was used. The results of the theme analysis showed that the requirements for applying block chain technology in the supply chain of Golrang Industrial Group include the design of the block chain structure, development of inter-company cooperation and harmony, and the provision of appropriate financial and economic infrastructures, which have 12 sub-components. Also, the results of the structural equations showed that all the identified requirements have a direct and significant relationship with the use of block chain technology in the supply chain of Golrang Industrial Group. Each requirement plays an important role in ensuring effective blockchain integration, which can ultimately increase transparency, efficiency and trust in the supply chain ecosystem. This research provides a solid foundation for the discovery and implementation of blockchain technology in the field of supply chain management in the food industry.

In this study, fixed bed operation were applied for the removal of crystal violet dye by modified dolomite from wastewater. In order to use of low-cost adsorbent with high-performance, the dolomite was used. The effect of dye concentration (5, 20 and 50mg/l were studied. Also, modified dolomite by increase fixed bed height and using charred dolomite was increased removal efficiency. The adsorption capacities of surfactant-modified dolomite were estimated 13.11 at 6ml/min flow rate. The results indicate that surfactant-modified dolomite could be employed as a low-cost material for the removal of cationic dye from effluents at batch and fixed bed operation.

This study aims to model and evaluate the sustainability indicators of the petrochemical supply chain. Initially, primary data were collected through a review of scientific resources and interviews with experts in the field, identifying key sustainability indicators. These indicators were categorized into four main dimensions: environmental )e.g., reducing energy consumption and controlling greenhouse gas emissions(, social )including enhancing corporate social responsibility and improving employee safety and health(, economic )e.g., cost optimization and productivity enhancement(, and governance )such as transparency in reporting and adherence to international standards(. A systemic approach was employed to analyze the relationships between these indicators and to determine their importance and influence, enabling the identification of both direct and indirect connections among factors. The results revealed that indicators like reducing energy consumption and utilizing renewable resources in the environmental dimension have the highest impact on other factors. Additionally, factors such as transparency in reporting and compliance with international standards within the governance dimension play a critical role in enhancing supply chain sustainability. The study demonstrated that integrating environmental, economic, social, and governance dimensions into a comprehensive framework can support the evaluation and improvement of supply chain sustainability. Such a framework enables organizations to achieve economic goals while fulfilling environmental and social commitments. Furthermore, the flexibility of this framework allows adaptation to market changes and emerging challenges. The applied approach, by clarifying the connections among indicators, assists petrochemical industries in making more effective decisions to enhance their sustainable performance.