نشریه آموزش و مدیریت کارآفرینی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 9، زمستان 1403)

During the years when the "fewer children, better life" policy was promoted, the number of children per family decreased compared to the past, and single-child families became prevalent among Iranian households. Some studies in other countries have shown that choosing to have a single child has led such children to have less inclination to take risks. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the role of parents in choosing single-child families and its impact on children's entrepreneurial intentions among students of Ilam University. The statistical population in this study consisted of all students of Ilam University in 2024 (N = 7200), from which a sample size of 364 was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, and they were selected using simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. To analyze the data in two sections, descriptive statistics (mean, mode, etc.) and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling), SPSS26 and SmartPLS3 software were used. The findings showed that entrepreneurial intentions were higher among children from families with a larger number of siblings, and among them, children of younger ages in the family had a greater tendency towards entrepreneurship compared to older children. Furthermore, a greater amount of material resources available to parents had a negative and significant impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of Ilam University students. Overall, the results showed that the coefficient of determination for the endogenous latent variable of the study, namely entrepreneurial intentions among Ilam University students, was 0.44. The most important achievement of this study is to help families provide favorable conditions within families to raise independent, diligent, hardworking, and risk-taking children.

In today's world, social media is recognized as a key tool in shaping individuals' social and economic behaviors. 1 These platforms not only improve social communication but also act as a catalyst for fostering entrepreneurial motivations among young people, especially female students. The aim of this research was to investigate the factors affecting social media-based entrepreneurial intentions among female university students. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-causal in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all female students enrolled in public universities in Fars province, Iran. Stratified random sampling was used, resulting in 386 participants. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were evaluated and confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, employing SPSS26 and Smart PLS4 software. The findings showed that perceived enjoyment, social influence, and social benefits positively affect perceived usefulness. Technological knowledge positively affects perceived ease of use, and in turn, perceived ease of use positively affects perceived usefulness and attitude towards social media. Additionally, perceived usefulness positively affects attitude towards social media, and attitude towards social media positively affects social media-based entrepreneurship. Finally, filtering has a negative impact on social media-based entrepreneurship. The results of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and planners in the field of study.

Entrepreneurship is a vital pillar in the economic and social progress of societies, playing a prominent role, especially in job creation and reducing unemployment.  Given the importance of this issue, entrepreneurship education in universities is recognized as a key tool for cultivating potential entrepreneurs and strengthening essential skills in this field.  This research aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. The study population included experts in the field of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship management, and university entrepreneurs. For the selection of participants, a purposive sampling method of the snowball type was used, and with the theoretical saturation criterion, 15 people were selected as the sample size. In this research, thematic analysis using MAXQDA2024 software was used to analyze qualitative data. The research results showed that entrepreneurship education improves entrepreneurial behavior in various dimensions, including entrepreneurial intentions and purposes, intellectual and attitudinal skills, networking and mentoring, the supportive role of the government, and the duties of universities. In particular, entrepreneurship education provides a basis for improving students' motivation and ability to start new businesses.  The findings also showed that entrepreneurship education provides a basis for improving and developing support networks and access to the resources needed to launch start-up businesses. The findings of this study provide significant achievements for policymakers, planners, and instructors of higher education in Iran and can help promote the culture of entrepreneurship and the country's economic growth.

Knowledge-based entrepreneurial leadership, as a key driver of innovation, holds significant importance in academic domains. This study aimed to analyze the mediating role of knowledge management processes and infrastructures in the relationship between knowledge-based entrepreneurial leadership and academic innovative performance among university managers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population consisted of 410 personnel of universities in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, from which 205 were selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The research instruments were standard questionnaires on knowledge-based entrepreneurial leadership, innovative performance, and knowledge management. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by an expert panel, and their construct validity was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that knowledge-based entrepreneurial leadership positively and significantly affects knowledge management infrastructures and processes, and directly enhances academic innovative performance. Furthermore, knowledge management infrastructures and processes also directly influence innovation. Mediation analysis revealed that these two variables significantly mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and innovation. These findings underscore the pivotal importance of knowledge management in linking entrepreneurial leadership to academic innovation and are consistent with previous research. It is recommended that university managers enhance innovation by improving technological infrastructures and strengthening knowledge-sharing processes. Additionally, future research should explore moderating variables.

Economic growth and development of countries are significantly influenced by the development of skills and employment generation. In this regard, the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) has provided various support to its beneficiaries to create employment and reduce unemployment. However, evidence suggests that despite the provision of support and even the successful implementation of employment generation projects, unfortunately, most beneficiaries have not shown much interest in these projects. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon of non-participation of IKRF beneficiaries in Kermanshah province in entrepreneurship and employment generation projects. This research has investigated the phenomenon of non-participation of supported individuals in entrepreneurship and employment creation using the grounded theory approach. The study population included all key informants in the research area, who were selected using purposive sampling of the snowball and theoretical types. The main data collection tool was the interview. Based on the findings, the presented model consists of causal conditions (including cultural, social, skill, and support factors), contextual conditions (including economic and motivational factors), intervening conditions (including legal-policy and managerial factors), strategies (including educational, economic, and managerial actions), and consequences (including cultural-social and economic consequences). Since identifying the talents, abilities, and needs of beneficiaries is the main factor in their empowerment and self-employment, the attention of planners and policymakers to the livelihood, psychological, and occupational needs of beneficiaries and the provision of training courses in the field of opportunity recognition can provide the ground for beneficiaries to participate in entrepreneurial and self-employment actions.

With the advancement of technology and the increasing complexity of work environments, organizations are seeking solutions to enhance their employees' innovation and resilience. In this regard, artificial intelligence assistant-based training programs have emerged as an effective tool for developing skills and adapting to environmental changes. 1 This study investigated the impact of such programs on employees' innovative and resilient behavior, mediated by cultural intelligence, in governmental organizations in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran. The statistical population consisted of 3,500 official employees, from which 346 were selected as a sample using convenience sampling based on Krejcie and Morgan's table. Data were collected using a standard Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling in LISREL 8.8 software. The findings revealed that artificial intelligence assistant-based training programs have a positive and significant impact on cultural intelligence and employees' innovative behavior, but no direct effect was observed on employees' resilient behavior. Cultural intelligence, as a mediating variable, not only enhanced innovative behavior but also established a significant relationship with resilient behavior. These results suggest that while AI-based training does not directly increase resilience on its own, it can empower employees to face challenges and improve their creativity by enhancing cultural intelligence. Organizations can strengthen employee performance by implementing emerging AI technologies in in-service training and improving adaptability to environmental changes.