نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1403)

Creative city is a new approach in urban planning that explains how people can think, plan and act creatively in cities and this shows how cities can be developed by using The thoughts and talents of viable and lively people. The main goal of the research is to analyze the factors influencing the creative status of Chabahar based on environmental, economic and socio-cultural characteristics. The main problem of the research is to analyze the influencing factors on the creative state of Chabahar city. The research is applied in terms of purpose, analytical in nature and qualitative-quantitative in terms of method. The data collection method is library. The statistical population of the research consists of 80 experts, experts and relevant officials of Chabahar City Management Organization, professors of urban planning. The sampling method used in the current research was a stratified and probabilistic one.The data collection tool is a closed-ended questionnaire. A combination of SWOT and AHP has been used for data analysis. The results of the findings show that according to the internal (strength, weakness) and external (opportunity, threat) matrix, defense strategies have been selected in order to realize the characteristics of the creative city in Chabahar. Also, according to the results of prioritizing the options, aggressive strategies were chosen as the highest priority. The choice of this strategy means that the state of Chabahar city has capabilities that can use them and environmental opportunities to realize its creative city

Geotourism is derived from the combination of "geo" and "tourism," referring to a form of tourism that highlights geological, geomorphological, and cultural attractions. Tourism has become one of the key pillars of economic development, and many policymakers consider it a fundamental component of sustainable development. Given its significance, tourism not only contributes to the growth of a specific location but also influences broader socio-economic and environmental indicators in surrounding areas. This study aims to assess and evaluate the geotourism potential of the Mashhad Plain watershed. For this purpose, 11 geosites were analyzed, including Hezar Masjed Mountains, Haft Hoz Valley, Shandiz Mountains, Binalood Mountains, Shirbad Peak, Khalaj Peak, Zou Peak, Chaman Peak, Zoshk Peak, Nourali Waterfall, and Shamkhal Valley. This research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-survey methodology. Data were collected through documentary research and field surveys, using questionnaires distributed among experts and tourists. The M-GAM and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26 and SmartPLS software. The findings indicate that the Mashhad Plain watershed, due to its proximity to the religious city of Mashhad and the influx of domestic and international pilgrims and tourists, has geosites with relatively well-developed tourism infrastructure and services. Among these, the Shandiz Mountains received the highest scores across most evaluation criteria. Additionally, the geosites exhibited high ratings in terms of attractiveness and visitor appeal, underscoring their significant potential for geotourism development in Mashhad. However, in terms of tourism infrastructure and specialized facilities, the sites received lower scores, highlighting the need for strategic planning and comprehensive development efforts to enhance tourism capabilities in these areas.

Hydrological drought is affected by many factors and is quantified using SDI index. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the urban development with satellite images between 1992 and 2016 and to evaluate its effect on the characteristics of hydrological drought events in the Samian area of Ardabil province. Land use change assessment shows that the agricultural and residential areas have been increased. Examination of the one-month SDI index in all stations shows an increase in droughts in different periods. The highest number of dry months is related to the last period (2017-2008) of Samian station for 80 months. The highest increase in the number of dry months is related to Gilande station, which has increased from 1 month in the first period to 66 months in the last period. The study of the quarterly SDI index in all stations except Atashghah station shows the increase of drought in different periods. The highest increase in the number of dry quarters is related to Gilande station, which has increased from zero in the first period to 36 in the last period. Despite the increase in rainfall during the period and the presence of wet climatic months, as well as the relative increase in temperature in the region and due to increased agricultural use and residential areas that have increased the harvest of surface water, the number of dry months in the region has increased.

Smart tourism is known as a comprehensive approach that provides tourism information, travel related services such as destination, food, transportation, reservation, travel guide to tourists easily through information technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of smart tourism in Chabahar city. This research has been done in terms of the purpose of the application type and using the descriptive-analytical method. The data of this research was obtained by two documentary and field methods and a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The statistical population of the research includes 106,739 citizens of Chabahar city and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula equal to 325 people from the statistical population of this research. The questionnaire was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. The findings showed that, in total, the state of smart tourism in Chabahar city in terms of technical index with an average of 3.129, economic index with an average of 3.187, operational index with an average of 3.093 and scheduling index with an average of 3.171 and the legal index has been evaluated favorably with an average of 108.3. Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis (FAHP) technique has been used in order to prioritize factors affecting smart tourism in Chabahar city. The obtained results showed that the operational dimension with a weight value of 0.328 has assigned the most important factors affecting smart tourism in Chabahar city. Also, the economic dimension with a weight of 0.237 in the second priority, the legal dimension with a weight of 0.196 in the third priority, the technical dimension with a weight of 0.157 in the fourth priority and the scheduling dimension with a weight of 0.082 in the fifth priority is placed.

Flood risk always threatens human life and is one of the most destructive natural hazards. However, its proper management can be a great resource to meet the water needs of a region. Measuring the resilience of cities against this risk helps urban planners to deal with this risk. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dimensions of resilience of Falavarjan city against flood risk. In this regard, a questionnaire was designed and completed by 59 experts. Then, one-sample t-test was used. Finally, in order to compare between the examined criteria, the repeated measure test was used. The results of this research show that in the social dimension, according to the average conditions, the importance of the social dimension in the resilience of Falavarjan city against urban floods is acceptable and according to the optimal conditions, it is far from the optimal level. In the institutional-management dimension as well as the physical dimension, according to the experts and according to the average conditions, the importance of these two dimensions in the resilience of Falavarjan city against urban floods is higher than the acceptable level and according to the optimal conditions, it is far from the optimal level. . The comparison between the studied criteria by the Repeat Major test also shows that although the averages obtained from all three social, institutional-management and physical dimensions are close to each other, these three dimensions have significant differences from each other.

Isfahan metropolis is one of the pioneers of smart cities in Iran from the perspective of developing technical infrastructure and urban management in smartization. Therefore, this research has studied the perspective of Isfahan managers and officials in the field of smartization of public transportation in 15 districts of Isfahan city. The statistical population of the present study consists of specialists and experts who have sufficient knowledge in the field of urban planning development and urban transportation. The indicators related to experts are: having experience and background in scientific and research centers and private and government organizations active in the field of smart city development and urban transportation and having research background in the field of smart city. First, by studying global studies and relying on theoretical foundations and semi-structured interviews, the indicators were identified and finally, using the two-stage Delphi method, they were grouped into five organizational groups: superior, conditions of existence, physical, structural, location, and socio-cultural conditions. The results show that from the perspective of managers, the existing conditions index with a weight of (0.134) is the most important index in smart public transportation, followed by the socio-cultural conditions index with a weight of (0.131). Finally, using the opinions of urban managers and experts and the Arasteh model, the 15 regions of Isfahan city have been ranked from the perspective of managers based on the known dimensions for smart public transportation. The results show that from the perspective of managers and urban experts, region one of Isfahan city is the most prepared for smart public transportation, followed by regions eight and thirteen. In fact, these results show that these areas can be selected as pilot areas for implementing smart public transportation projects and are better prepared than other areas in terms of management dimensions .

The purpose of this research is to monitor the surface temperature of the land in relation to land use changes using OLI and TM images in Sofichai Maragheh basin. Studies show that the role of thermal distance measurement is very important in studying and estimating the surface temperature of the earth. The main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its thermal band (band 6) was used to extract ground surface temperature for 1992. The monitored method was used to classify land use for 1992 and 2020 and land use changes and the maximum similarity method was used. The obtained results indicate the accuracy of the classification by the basic pixel method. According to the research findings, the total accuracy of the classification maps using the maximum similarity method was 99.84 for 1992 and 99.78 for 2020. According to the land use map of Sufi Chay watershed from 1992, which has been extracted by the maximum similarity method, most of the land uses are primarily related to the type 1 mountainous part, which has an area of approximately 320.42 square kilometers. Then, rainfed land use with an area of 191.09 square kilometers and dense agricultural land use with an area of 74.29 square kilometers have the most areas. The area of land uses in 2020 also shows that the most land uses are mountainous type 1 rainfed and residential.