نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 99 (بهار 1404)

Great works such as civilization making do not exist solely by the great people and elites and innovators but also movements, developments, and historical and social reforms are created by the synergy of masses of people. In other words, accompanying the public movement with the rulers has been the main factor in the creation of wonderful phenomena in history. For this reason, in the statement of the second phase Imam Khamenei calls upon to create a public movement (National Mobilization) in seven basic fields, including science and technology. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to achieve the implementation model of the National Mobilization Strategy in the leap forward development and expansion of science and technology of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the second phase statement of Revolution. The research was developmental and applied in terms of orientation, and qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using GT method in MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the study was science and technology experts and strategic managers; so that the sample size of 14 was determined and theoretical saturation was performed. According to GT method, a total of 97 categories were concluded; For the concept of science and technology mobilization 7 categories, dimensions 8, indicators15, structural factors 9, contextual factors 20, facilitating behavioral and contextual factors 12, threatening behavioral and contextual factors 10, strategies and solutions 16 items have also been obtained.

In the nature and structure of the political geography of the world, there are characteristics and objective facts that fundamentally promote the logic of competition between countries and powers and are based on international relations. The geography of Iraq has values (material and spiritual) that have shaped the field of competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in order to secure the national interests of each. The purpose of this article is to explain the geopolitical position of Iraq in the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Data collection was done by library method and survey method and data analysis was done with a quantitative approach. The statistical research population aware of strategic issues, geopolitics and international relations, included 52 people and was selected as a whole. The results of the research showed that Iraq's geographical location (landscape and strategic), civilizational identity (history, culture, ethnicity and religion), social-political structure (social gap, heterogeneous political structure) and geopolitical interests of effective extra-regional powers. As geopolitical factors, each plays a decisive role in the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. But most of the disputes and competition between the two countries are ideological in nature.

With the end of the Cold War, the process of regional integration entered a new stage. Due to the priority of economic activities over military actions and the emergence of the idea of geo-economics, most of the regional agreements are defined in the form of mutual economic cooperation. This research aims to analyze and investigate the limitations of the relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Southeast Asian region "ASEAN". The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, which has been used to collect information by referring to library sources and reliable sites. The "ASEAN" region has become the center of global attention due to its geopolitical and geoeconomic strengths, which have rapidly expanding markets and high financial strength. The country of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in terms of being located in the important basin of the Persian Gulf and having energy resources, in addition to its geopolitical and strategic importance, has gained a special geo-economic importance. The Islamic Republic of Iran can reach its political, economic and cultural goals in the region by benefiting from this capacity and by establishing regional integration and regionalism with the ASEAN countries. But Iran has so far not been successful in creating regionalism and regional convergences in order to achieve geopolitical power and influence economic and political policies in this region

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is recognized as one of the key factors in the sustainable development of societies. This concept, particularly in governmental and security institutions such as the military, plays a crucial role in balancing the needs of society, national interests, and the protection of resources. However, its full and effective implementation still requires further attention and analysis in many cases. This research aims to provide a paradigmatic model for explaining the social responsibilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army and enhancing its commitment to society. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach was employed, including in-depth interviews with experts in military, security, and strategic fields of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army. In total, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine experts. These interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, meaning no new information was provided and a complete understanding of the topic was achieved. The validity of the interview questions was confirmed using content analysis, and reliability was established through the test-retest method (0.76). For data analysis, the MAXQDA 2020 software, designed for grounded theory, was used. The model, developed through open, axial, and selective coding, consists of five dimensions: causal conditions, contextual conditions, strategies, intervening conditions, and outcomes, encompassing 26 main categories and 115 sub-categories.

The Caspian Sea has many capacities in the fields of communication, energy, trade, combined transportation, fisheries, tourism, shipbuilding and military. The Islamic Republic of Iran can shape its desired values and advantages in this geographical space by developing comprehensive interactions and international relations and based on them, it can improve its geopolitical position. Because the authority and progress of the country depends on the geopolitical position and the use of valuable and God-given capacities and resources. The current research is based on that by identifying and determining the geopolitical factors that are effective in formulating strategies to improve the geopolitical position in the six dimensions, natural, human, economic, domestic policy, international policy and military in the form of the four roles of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat, while presenting To answer the research questions, provide strategies to improve the geopolitical position of the Islamic Republic of Iran In The Caspian Sea Region. The type of applied research is descriptive analytical research method and mixed research approach. The methods of data collection in this research are library and field(interview and questionnaire). To answer the research questions, EXEL, SPSS and SWOT techniques, as well as the t-student statistical method, were used. Based on the findings of the research, the strategies of "strengthening maritime culture, maritime-oriented economy, development of maritime transit and tourism industry, facilitating stable relations, entrepreneurship and job creation based on all-round development of the coasts, strengthening economic-political diplomacy, sustainable development of transport and Maritime transportation, the use of committed, knowledgeable and efficient manpower, strategic monitoring and campaigning in the sea area and securing national interests in the Shanghai Organization have an effect on improving the geopolitical position of the Republic of Iran in the Caspian Sea region.

Domestic, regional and International activists has a close relationship with political-security decision-making and bargaining as an effective mechanism in the relations of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council. Any regional developments can affect the balance of power between the Persian Gulf countries. For this reason, the main goal of this research is to explain the degree of importance and the degree of influence of internal, regional and extra-regional actors on Iraq's participation and cooperation in the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council. This research is applied and has been done by historical-correlation method. The collection of information is library and field and the sample size is 42 people. According to the findings of the research and based on Walt's defensive realism, Iraq's cooperation and participation in the three countries of the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia is affected by the similar perceptions and feelings that these countries have regarding Iran's threats in the region; Therefore, these countries have adopted the threat balance policy to deal with Iran's threats against their interests and security, but the two countries of Qatar and Oman follow the interest balance policy in order to maintain the regional balance. According to the results of the research, the order of priority of actors influencing Iraq's participation and cooperation in the Cooperation Council includes: "regional actors", "Iraq", "international actors" and "J.A. Iran"..

Throughout history, the control of waterways, seas, and oceans through the acquisition of territories overlooking aquatic regions has been considered a symbol of power and the extent of territorial influence among rulers and politicians worldwide. Today, the significance of seas as the primary arteries for global trade, economic activities, and especially energy transportation has further amplified this importance. However, maritime challenges remain one of the most significant obstacles to the dominance of maritime nations overseas and oceans. The primary objective of this article is to identify the challenges affecting emerging naval powers. This research is categorized as an applied developmental study and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population includes 56 individuals and is conducted comprehensively. Data (maritime threats and vulnerabilities) obtained from document reviews, historical records, and interviews with experts were validated using a 95% significance level and the t coefficient. The challenges themselves were confirmed through the Delphi technique.The findings reveal that the most critical challenges impacting emerging naval powers include: Increased costs associated with naval combat capabilities, particularly logistical expenses. Heightened risks in addressing military threats at sea. Limitations in operational mobility and capability. Dependence on foreign bases for logistical support. Crew fatigue during prolonged maritime operations if compelled to undertake them.Destruction of marine ecosystems in seas and oceans.