فصلنامه علوم زیستی ورزشی
پیاپی 63 (زمستان 1403)

 For this purpose, the aim of the present study is the effect of aerobic exercise on serum levels of spexin and lipid profile of obese middle-aged men.

the statistical sample of the research was 30 obese men (with body mass index, control and exercise group 34.20 ± 1.97 and 34.39 ± 1.48 kg/m2, respectively) and the average age was ± 3.24 Was. They were 40/18 years old and were randomly divided into two training and control groups (15 people in each group). Aerobic exercise activity with an intensity of 55-70% of the maximum heart rate was performed with a sequence of three sessions per week for eight consecutive weeks. Before and after the start of the protocol, height, weight, maximum oxygen consumption and blood sampling from the brachial vein were done to evaluate the amount of spexin and lipid profile. To ensure the normality of data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, the correlated t-statistic method was used to examine intra-group changes, and the independent t-statistic method was used to examine inter-group changes.

After eight weeks of sports intervention, the variables of spexin (P=0.04) and HDL-c (P=0.045) increased significantly in the training group. However, the level of triglyceride (P=0.001), cholesterol (P=0.001) and WHR (P=0.001) decreased significantly in the training group (p≥0.05).

The results of the present study indicate the improvement of obesity-related indicators (Spexsin) and fat profile and body composition indicators,

Obesity leads to negative changes in lipid profiles and genes related to reverse cholesterol transport. Exercise helps improve these changes. The aim of this study was the effect of eight of rhythmic aerobic and CX-WORX exercises on the expression of ABCG5/8 genes and lipid profile in obese women.

The statistical population of this research was obese women with an age range of 20 to 30 years, of which 36 people were randomly divided into three rhythmic aerobic exercises(n=12), CX-WORX exercise (n=12) and control (n=12). Rhythmic aerobic exercise for eight weeks, four sessions each week and each session lasted approximately 60 to 95 minutes, The CX-WORX training program protocol was performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week and for 45 minutes per day. To investigate the difference between the groups, the statistical method of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The study's findings showed that eight weeks of aerobic and CX-WORX exercises significantly increased the expression of ABCG5, ABCG8 genes, and HDL levels(P=0.001). In addition, the results showed a significant decrease in LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels following the implementation of both training programs(P=0.001).

Based on these results, it can be stated that both exercise training models cause positive changes in the lipid profile and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport, therefore, the use of these exercises is recommended to create positive physiological adaptations in increasing the health of obese women.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HIIT with coenzyme Q10 supplementation on BMP-6 growth in obese male rats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of HIIT along with coenzyme Q10 supplementation on BMP-6 growth in obese male rats.

30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including 1) lean reference, 2) obese reference, 3) obese control, 4) obese supplement, 5) obese exercise and 6) exercise+obese supplement. The lean reference and obese reference groups were sacrificed at the beginning of the study. The training groups underwent HIIT program for 12 weeks. 500 mg/kg of coenzyme Q10 supplement was gavage to the rats of the supplemented groups. BMP-6 levels in blood were measured using ELISA method. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

The values of BMP-6 decreased in the obese training group compared to the lean reference group (p<0.001) and increased compared to the obese control group (p=0.032), decreased in the obese supplement group compared to the lean reference group(p<0.001), and significantly decreased in the exercise+obese supplement group compared to the lean reference group (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the three obese supplement groups, obese reference and obese control(p>0.05).

12 weeks of HIIT leads to a significant increase in BMP-6 levels in obese samples. However, the administration of coenzyme Q10 alone or together with HIIT for 12 weeks does not lead to a significant increase in BMP-6 levels.

Parkinson’s disease leads to mitochondrial damage caused by the production of Reactive Oxygen Species. The effect of sport activities on the improvement of Parkinson’s disease due to changes in the level of mitochondrial Cyt c and ATP of hippocampal cells is not well known, therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on Cyt c and ATP in hippocampal cells of rats with Parkinson’s disease.

21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, including: healthy control, PD and training. The rats in the training group performed 6 weeks HIIT, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds of rest between each time. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test were run using SPSS-19 at the P <0.05.

Data revealed that the induction of Parkinson increased the level of Cyt c in PD group compared to the healthy control group(P=0/001). The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the concentration of Cyt c (P= 0/001). Also we observed that ATP in the exercise group and PD group decreased significantly compared to the control group, and it’s amount increased significantly in the exercise group compared to the PD group(P=0/001).

According to the results, it can be said, HIIT swimming training is effective in improving mitochondrial function. So, this type of exercise is recommended for people with PD

In individuals with panic disorder, autonomic nervous system activity is often impaired. Aerobics exercise may help improve oxidative stress and heart rate variability (HRV). This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobics and combined aerobics+resistance exercises on the autonomic nervous system, HRV, and oxidative stress in women with panic disorder.

This quasi-experimental clinical trial included 31 women with panic disorder (mean panic score: 42.96 ± 16.66), selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: low-impact aerobics exercise (n = 10), high-low impact aerobics+resistance exercise (n = 10), and a control group (n = 11). Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the first session and 24 hours after the final session to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). HRV was assessed at rest using Holter monitoring. Data were analyzed using covariance tests at a 0.05 significance level in SPSS version 26.

After 12 weeks of training, significant improvements were observed in MDA, TAC, and panic scores in both exercise groups (p ≤ 0.05). However, HRV indices (SDNN, HF, LF, LF/HF, TP) showed no significant changes.

Twelve weeks of low-impact aerobics and high-Low impact aerobics-resistance training improved oxidative stress in women with panic disorder but did not significantly affect HRV indices.

The short duration of the fitness maintenance phase in Iraqi futsal results in players being inadequately prepared for competitions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a specialized training program and C4 supplementation during the fitness maintenance phase on VO₂max, lactate levels, speed endurance, agility, and speed in male Iraqi futsal players.

This semi-experimental study utilized a pre-test and two post-test design, conducted after three and six weeks. A total of 45 futsal players were randomly assigned to three groups. The first experimental group (EX1) followed a specialized training program with C4 supplementation for six weeks, while the second experimental group (EX2) completed the same training program but received a placebo instead of C4. The control group (CON) continued their regular club training routine.

The results of the Mixed Model ANOVA indicated significant improvements in all variables (VO₂max, lactate, speed endurance, speed, and agility) after three and six weeks in the EX1 and EX2 groups (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the control group (P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences between the EX1 and EX2 groups for any of the measured variables.

The specialized training program designed in this study demonstrated a significant positive impact on the selected physical fitness parameters, suggesting its potential as a pre-season training regimen for futsal players. However, C4 supplementation did not produce a statistically significant effect on any of the studied variables during this training phase.