فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 81، زمستان 1403)

In recent years, along with the digital transition and the increase of smart phone users, phubbing, as an emerging phenomenon, has drawn the attention of scholars and experts. Phubbing, which means ignoring others while using a mobile phone, overshadows the quality of social relationships, social skills, well-being and marital satisfaction of the females. In this regard, the results of a survey known as "Survey 2000" showed that the long-term use of mobile phones and addiction to it affects the social relations and decreases the attendance of person at family gatherings. It finally leads to depression. The mentioned concept refers to the people's excessive use of mobile phones, instead of having interpersonal interaction with other people in a social context. According to the thinkers, like Karadag et al. (2015), phubbing has become a normal issue in the modern era, while it damages the interpersonal relationships and creates some feelings and reactions among unloved or rejected people. Reviewing the results of studies conducted in different countries, especially Franchina et al. (2018), Nazir & Bulut (2019), shows that phubbing has a significant relationship with social media addiction. Despite the increased use of social networks among young females and its effects on individuals, groups, families and society, the impact of smart phone addiction on the phubbing behavior of women in Ramhormoz city has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the sociological relationship between smart phone addiction and women's phubbing behaviors.

Celibacy among women in Iran is on the rise. This phenomenon varies across different decades and contexts, influenced by social and cultural conditions, which can impart diverse meanings and biological patterns. One group experiencing definitive or semi- definitive celibacy is women in their sixties. The aim of the current research is to explore and analyze their lifestyles and methods of adapting to society. This qualitative study was conducted in Yazd in 2023. The participants included 15 unmarried women aged 35 and older from Yazd, who were selected purposefully. Data were analyzed using a semi-structured interview method. The results of the research indicate that the participants are inevitably living in a situation characterized by minimal psychological well-being. Despite this, they are compelled to adapt. Five relevant themes emerged from the study: adaptability, spiritualism, cognitive regeneration, , purposeful living, and attachment. Overall, the research demonstrates that the participants have developed a way of life that they can accept and manage, even while holding a somewhat unrealistic view of marriage. This adaptation allows them to enhance their mental and social well-being. However, despite these coping strategies, this group faces numerous challenges in achieving a sense of welfare, which necessitates greater attention from policymakers, particularly in the area of women's issues.

The changes by modernity cover all aspects of life, so that it can be recognized at all levels. level of fertility and people's desire to have children is somehow affected by it. Despite the population increase policies, the fertility rate in the society is at a low level, and this research seeks to study the value system of not wanting to be fertile among women living in Tehran. To examine the beliefs and attitudes formed under the value system of people, the best recommended method is the qualitative method. By using the grounded theory technique and conducting semi-structured interviews with twenty-three married women who have not voluntarily experienced childbearing, the data after the necessary coding into eighteen subcategories, two main categories "transition of value from childbearing and rethinking childbearing" And finally, the "child of profit-making reluctance" resulted as a nuclear category. Among the reasons for the emergence of the consequence of "unwanted child for profit", we can point to the transitional conditions of Iranian society, in which child bearing has been reconsidered as a choice among other choices of women. And depending on the conditions and contexts and according to priorities, it is postponed in the most optimistic state, and most married women seek social and economic stability in the early years of their life together, and due to increased independence and access to the resources they want not wanting to their spouses and those around them, and of course, they do not consider population incentive policies to be effective.

The empowerment of women has been acknowledged as a critical concept across various strategies, especially in recent times, drawing the interest of numerous advocates for women's rights, as well as governmental and non-governmental entities. Consequently, the objective of this investigation is to shed light on the sociological effects of personal predispositions as a form of agency on the economic empowerment of women in Tehran.Employing a quantitative approach, this research utilized a survey method with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique, identifying a statistical population of 402 individuals as per the Cochran formula.The analysis, based on a multiple regression model, demonstrates that the independent variables of the study collectively account for approximately 25% of the variance in the economic empowerment of women. The findings suggest that the most significant factor influencing women's propensity for economic empowerment in Tehran is their entrepreneurial spirit. Subsequent influential factors include self-esteem, independence, a penchant for innovation, a rejection of fatalism, competitiveness, self-efficacy, and the ambition for advancement.Further analysis explored the influence of “marital status,” “education,” and “employment” on the economic empowerment of women in Tehran. The results indicated that unmarried women with higher levels of education and those who are employed exhibit greater economic empowerment than their counterparts in different circumstances.The research conclusions suggest that the economic empowerment of women can foster their greater involvement in the economy, contribute to economic growth, and bolster the economic stability of households. Policymakers must create supportive environments and provide resources to boost women's inclinations.

Using hookah as one of the common forms of smoking is an old method, but now it has been widely welcomed by teenagers , In the meantime the prevalence of hookah consumption among teenage girls is of particular importance to the extent that it can provide the basis for the emergence of risky behaviors, considering the importance of the subject the present study has investigated the socio-psychological foundations of hookah consumption among adolescent girls by qualitative methods and using ethnography. For this purpose after completing the exploratory study, the ethnographic researcher has followed the objectives of the research by being present in the research field, complete field observations and conducting in-depth and formal interviews. The statistical population consisted of adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 living in Shiraz who use hookah in hangouts and public places of the city, of which 16 people were investigated as a study sample. Finally, after data collection and analysis, four key categories were extracted. The key categories related to the use of hookah by teenage girls include friendship and compatibility with the opposite sex, getting rid of problems, dealing with common restrictions and stereotypes, identifying and proving oneself, and spending free time. In general, it can be concluded that socio-psychological contexts and especially the "authenticity of friendship" with the opposite sex as a central concept in the formation and continuation of hookah use in adolescent girls, play a key role and the attention of researchers And policymakers absolutely need this concept.

Deviant behavior is an action outside of the custom, norm, law, and codified and uncodified social values that deviates from the established boundaries and customary standards and violates collective rules. Today, the amount of social harm among women has increased, and accordingly, the main purpose of the study is to study the meta-analysis of factors affecting women's deviant behavior. The research method is a systematic review meta-analysis; from the statistical population of 69 studies between 2002 and 2024; 52 articles were selected using snowball sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed with cma2 software. The results show that social factors (family disintegration = 0.396r, weak social cohesion = 0.283r, experience of family violence = 0.145r, social supervision = 0.139r, interaction with inappropriate friends = 0.301r); Cultural factors (low religious affiliation r = 0.402, cultural poverty r = 0.308, risky lifestyle r = 0.312, low cultural capital r = 0.176, presence in cyberspace r = 0.225), psychological factors (feeling of failure r = 0.511, feeling of alienation r = 0.143, criminal label r = 0.103, antisocial personality r = 0.111, feeling of worthlessness r = 0.320); economic factors (socio-economic status r = 0.199, poverty r = 0.111,

Happiness and well-being in personal life and also the satisfaction married life are important, so the present study was conducted with the purpose of explaining Happiness of Married Women in Mashhad (North-western Iran) Based on Self-Compassion and Marital Conflicts with the Mediating Role Self-efficacy. The present research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population is all married women of Mashhad city in 2022-2023, which 411 people were sampled through available sampling method. In order to collect data, Oxford Happiness Inventory, Neff self-compassion Scale, Barati and Sanaee Marital Conflicts Questionnaire, Sherer self-efficacy scale were used. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (path analysis) methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of compassion, marital conflicts and self-efficacy have significant relationship with happiness of married women. the relationship between self-compassion and happiness, the value t statistic was directly 6.15 and indirectly 8.746. the relationship between marital conflict and happiness, value statistic is directly 4.798 and indirectly 2.803. relationship between self-compassion and marital conflict with happiness, the value of t-statistic was obtained indirectly equal to 5.724 (p≤0.05). Finally, the results the present research showed that married women's self-efficacy plays a mediating role predicting happiness based on self-compassion and marital conflicts. Due to importance of happiness in married life, it is for this reason creating a platform for creating compassion, self-efficacy marital conflicts in order to increase the happiness of married women is one of the requirements that officials and planners should pay attention to.