نشریه پژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار 1403)

Today, due to economic pressures on one hand and the increasing individuality and anonymity in large cities on the other, begging has emerged as a significant urban issue. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the social and economic contexts contributing to the formation and expansion of female begging in Khorramabad city. The research adopts a qualitative approach, with the study population consisting of all female beggars in Khorramabad. Sampling was conducted purposively, and the sample size was determined based on the saturation criterion, resulting in semi-structured interviews with 15 participants. The collected data were thematically coded and analyzed. Consequently, after coding and analyzing the data, 304 open codes, 30 sub-themes, and 7 main themes were extracted. The findings indicate that the social contexts of begging include "conflict of religious value rationality, unproductive interactions, reduced shame and stigma of begging, and lack of or poor guardianship," while the economic contexts encompass "lack of vocational skills, begging as an easy income source, and generational poverty." The results suggest that empowering these women by enhancing their vocational skills and reducing unproductive interactions within familial contexts and chains of generational poverty could redirect them toward productive employment.

Early marriage is globally associated with various health and social consequences for adolescent girls. This study aims to explore the consequences of early marriage among women in Ahvaz city. The research adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing purposive sampling, with data saturation achieved after 22 interviews. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The quality of the findings was assessed using Lincoln and Guba’s trustworthiness criteria. Data analysis followed Smith’s three-stage descriptive-interpretive model. Analysis of the coded interviews revealed that the consequences of early marriage encompass 63 concepts, organized into 13 subcategories and two main categories: (1) emergence of diverse harms and challenges in women’s marital life (lack of decision-making power and problem-solving skills, interference by others due to the young age of the couple, lack of awareness and understanding of life’s issues and challenges, unpreparedness for parenting, inadequate knowledge of interacting with spouse and others, psychological issues, physical problems, and unpleasant sexual experiences due to psychological distress), and (2) unfulfilled personal desires and interests (inability to provide suitable conditions for children, resulting in their victimization, inability to pursue education or employment, premature marital life and regret over missing age-specific experiences, lack of comfort and peace of mind, and neglect of personal appearance and body). Collaboration and support from the government and relevant organizations, such as the Ministry of Education, Welfare Organization, Ministry of Science, and Ministry of Interior, are essential to combat child marriage and establish a foundation for gender equality.

This study was conducted to sociologically analyze the lifestyle of female Instagram users residing in Sanandaj city. The research employed a survey method, with the target population consisting of 85,687 women aged 20 to 40 in Sanandaj. From this population, a sample of 398 participants was selected using Cochran’s formula and convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-designed lifestyle questionnaire and an Instagram usage questionnaire. Pearson correlation test results revealed relationships between Instagram usage and specific lifestyle dimensions: attention to body (r = 0.421), recreational patterns (r = 0.342), dietary patterns (r = 0.233), and social interaction patterns (r = 0.384). Furthermore, regression model analyses indicated that Instagram usage accounts for 34% of the variance in lifestyle (β = 0.34).

Political participation among women is a significant and dynamic concept. It fosters feelings of satisfaction, trust, and self-confidence among women in any society. This study aims to understand and analyze the barriers and opportunities for women’s political participation in Khorramabad city. The research employed a qualitative, grounded theory approach. To this end, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 women from Khorramabad and university professors, selected through purposive sampling combined with snowball and maximum variation strategies. Data analysis yielded 95 initial codes, eight core categories, and one central category extracted through a systematic coding process: causal conditions (patriarchal atmosphere and male exclusivity, economic challenges: lack of economic empowerment, political apathy: perceiving politics as insignificant), contextual conditions (strengthening social capital: solidarity and political development, self-confidence: personal development and social status), intervening conditions (self-deprecation and personal weakness, lack of willpower, low self-esteem, challenges related to morale and determination), strategies (positive and negative, creating gender-equal opportunities for political participation, financial and social support, fostering a vibrant political atmosphere), attitudinal dimensions (ranging from willingness to participate and satisfaction to isolation and political apathy), and consequences (enhancing solidarity, social and political cohesion, strengthening social capital, promoting socio-political vibrancy, active public political participation, building trust and self-confidence in women, maximizing the use of skilled human resources, socio-political development, increasing socio-cultural security, and boosting social trust). Additionally, "women’s political participation: opportunities and challenges" emerged as the central category, and a paradigmatic model was developed from the data. The findings indicate that women’s political participation or lack thereof varies depending on diverse social, structural, and individual conditions.

Histrionic personality, at a clinical level, is characterized by attention-seeking, extroverted, provocative behaviors, coupled with superficial emotions and heightened emotionality. At a social level, this disorder may manifest differently. The present study aimed to investigate the semiotics of histrionic personality within Iranian culture using factor analysis on a large sample of students. This research adopted a correlational design. The study population consisted of students from universities in Tabriz. A sample of 716 students was selected and assessed. Participants completed the Histrionic Personality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. The results of the principal component analysis yielded a two-factor solution, labeled as "attention-seeking" and "exaggeration/independence." These findings can be interpreted in light of cultural differences between Iranian and American societies in the manifestation of histrionic personality traits.

Forensic linguistics, as an emerging and impactful discipline, plays a crucial role in analyzing written and spoken discourse in court cases and facilitating judicial processes, from investigation and case filing to sentencing. As a branch of applied linguistics, it assists researchers in analyzing the discourse of court actors and uncovering the structure and style of courtroom documentation. The present study examines the conversations between judges and defendants in Iran's criminal courts through the lens of the theory of power and powerlessness (Aghagolzadeh, 2012; Gibbons, 1994, 2003). The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. The primary research question focuses on identifying the frequency of speech patterns of judges and defendants in 29 well-known and prominent cases. The analysis of these patterns in the conversations between judges and defendants, from the perspective of forensic linguistics, constitutes the core of this study. Data were collected from courtroom conversations available on the Aparat platform and transcribed. Qualitative analysis involved calculating the frequency and percentage of discourse components used by judges and defendants, while inferential analysis compared their discourse to detect significant differences using the chi-square statistical test, following the assessment of data reliability and validity. Regarding the variable "power," the findings revealed that among the indicators of power, judges demonstrated a statistically significant difference from defendants in the use of two markers: "use of suggestive sentences, leading and closed questions" and "use of imperative sentences." In the category of powerlessness, defendants showed a significant difference from judges in all indicators except "reference to a source of power." The results of this study can enhance judges' training, both pre-service and in-service, by improving their knowledge of linguistics and discourse analysis.