نشریه مطالعات تفسیری آلاءالرحمن
پیاپی 7 (بهار 1403)

Tawhid (Divine Unity), as the fundamental principle of divine teachings, comprises various categories, among which Essential Unity is considered the foundation of all others and the highest level of Tawhid. Verses related to Essential Unity are among the most thought-provoking and disputed topics among commentators. This study explores the perspectives of Zamakhshari and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli regarding the implication of verse 4 of Surah Zumar:“Had Allah wished to take a son, He could have chosen from what He creates whatever He willed. Glory be to Him! He is Allah, the One, the Prevailing.”The research employs an analytical-comparative method to examine their viewpoints. The findings indicate that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in rejecting the theory of adoption and its impossibility-an idea also noted by Zamakhshari-argues that the concept of divine selection and adoption is impossible and contradicts God’s Essential Unity. Since God is uniquely One and has no equal, His Essential Unity implies dominance over all multiplicity. Thus, no being is worthy of divine adoption to fulfill its needs or manage affairs.

In Islamic teachings, the disciples of Prophet Jesus (PBUH) are referred to as “Hawariyun.” The Holy Quran mentions them five times and references them in at least six verses. Given their central role in Christianity, examining the Islamic perspective on the disciples can significantly contribute to interfaith dialogue and Biblical critique. As the Quran is the primary source of Islamic teachings and its interpretation relies on commentators, this study utilizes library-based research and a descriptive approach. After a brief review of the twelve disciples in the Bible, it explores various Quranic commentaries on the Hawariyun. The findings indicate no unanimous opinion; some commentators suggest they might have been prophets, while others question their faith. Nevertheless, the dominant view regards them positively: though they did not attain prophethood or infallibility, they were recognized as the chosen followers of Jesus (PBUH).

Numerous narrations in both Sunni and Shia hadith collections highlight the greatness of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (PBUH). Many of these narrations emphasize his personality and behavioral traits. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources, particularly hadith texts, seeks to answer the question: What are the personality and behavioral characteristics of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (PBUH) in Islamic traditions? The research findings indicate that the most significant traits mentioned in Sunni and Shia sources include his status as one of the earliest Muslims, his close resemblance to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in ethics, eloquence in speech, mastery of oratory and theological discussions, his role in conveying the prophets’ messages on Judgment Day, leadership of the Muslim emigrants in Abyssinia, commandership in the Battle of Mu’tah, his martyrdom, and his spiritual ascension.

Anthropologists recognize hope as a fundamental factor in human transformation, motivation, and actions. This study emphasizes the importance of hope and its impact on individual and social behavior, examining its role in three dimensions-creation, continuation, and quality of actions-from the perspective of the Holy Quran. The key question addressed is: What is the Quranic perspective on the influence of hope in these areas? Utilizing an analytical and comparative study of Quranic exegeses and previous research, the study concludes: 1) The Quran attributes a constructive and positive role to hope in shaping human behavior and performance. 2) The impact of hope on human actions can be categorized into three main dimensions: initiation, persistence, and enhancement of actions. By leveraging Quranic teachings, this research aims to provide a clearer understanding of hope’s role in human behavioral mechanisms.

Resistance against imperialism (Istikbar) is a key component of the political thought of the Supreme Leader, rooted in Quranic and historical principles. As a fundamental strategy, it serves to maintain the dignity and independence of the Islamic Ummah. This research examines the outcomes of anti-arrogance strategies in Imam Khamenei’s Quranic thought, focusing on its foundations, necessity, and consequences. The main research question is: What are the results of resisting arrogance for Islamic societies? The study hypothesizes that anti-arrogance efforts yield not only political and economic benefits but also extensive cultural, social, and spiritual effects. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the study gathers data from library sources and the Supreme Leader’s speeches. The findings demonstrate that resistance against arrogance leads to the weakening of global arrogance, support for the oppressed, liberation from subjugation, political and economic independence, and the strengthening of religious and cultural identity within Islamic communities. Furthermore, independence in education and scientific development emerges as another key outcome. Quranic teachings suggest that resistance against arrogance is not merely a political stance but an innate, rational, and faith-based principle that has persisted throughout history and played a crucial role in advancing Islamic societies.

The word "Nur" (light) in the Quran is a pivotal term that unlocks the understanding of certain profound Quranic concepts. In verse 35 of Surah An-Nur, this word appears five times, notably in the phrase, "Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth." The attribution of "light" to Allah has given rise to various interpretative perspectives. Since understanding this term within the verse illuminates theological and Tawhidi viewpoints, it holds significant importance. This study, using library and software-based resources with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer: What is the meaning of "Nur" in the verse "Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth"? The research findings indicate that of the three possible meanings-physical, metaphorical, and spiritual-the physical meaning is dismissed due to God’s transcendence. Therefore, commentators attribute either a metaphorical or spiritual meaning, with the latter often understood as divine guidance, eternal mercy, or universal illumination.