نشریه گردشگری شهری
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1404)

The growing popularity of family tourism and the rising demand from families, along with the diverse needs expressed by family travelers, underscore the necessity of developing and enhancing our understanding of family behaviors in the context of tourism. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present a model of family tourists’ behavior. The research employs a qualitative methodology grounded in a meta-synthesis approach, following the seven-step model proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso. Data analysis was performed using a three-stage coding process, which involved the collaboration of two coders. Following the steps of the meta-synthesis, a total of 251 concepts, 40 sub-components, 16 components, six main axes, and two levels were identified, coded, and modeled from the 23 selected articles. The external level, titled "Family Tourist Behavior Formation Space," was encompasses the dimensions of "family lifestyle" (with components: family citizenship and family structure), "tourism planning process" (with components: role-playing at home, sense of route, destination experience, and achievements and memories), and "tourism elements" (with components: transportation, nutrition, accommodation, activities). On the other hand, the internal context titled "Family Tourist Behavior Formation Cycle" was encompasses the dimensions of "Drivers" (with components: motivation and determinants), "Experiences" (with components: actions and roles), and "Outcomes" (with components: benefits and feedback). As most significant outcome of the present study, in order to decontextualize and resocialize the theoretical foundations of tourist behavior for family tourist behavior, with a family perspective and placing the family at the center of tourist behavior research, a model of family tourist behavior was presented as the space and cycle of family tourist behavior formation. This model serves as a crucial tool in the tourism industry, enabling a deeper understanding of the cultural and social diversity, needs, preferences, and behaviors of families. It aims to address existing scientific gaps by providing insights that can inform better practices and strategies in family tourism.

With the advancement of technology and the increasing use of spatial data in the tourism industry, attention to geomarketing and the application of innovative technologies like blockchain for optimizing geomarketing has become essential. This research aims to design a blockchain-based geomarketing model in the tourism industry. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative aspects, and is considered applied research. The statistical population includes tourism marketing experts, information technology specialists, and tourism managers, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection and the identification of key concepts were conducted using semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Creswell's model was applied alongside content validity assessment and intra/inter-coder reliability evaluations to ensure research validity. The study follows the grounded theory approach using Strauss and Corbin’s method, extracting a model through a three-stage coding process (open, axial, and selective) that includes causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, identifies the central phenomenon, proposes geomarketing strategies, and outlines their consequences. According to the research findings, given the complexity and large volume of location-based data in the tourism industry, implementing this technology can significantly enhance information management for more effective geomarketing. The study concludes that for companies to implement blockchain-based geomarketing in the technological era, strategies such as technology policy-making, infrastructure development, and digital onboarding must be adopted.

Stakeholders in the tourism industry can enhance their resilience to recover from crises and positively impact the national economy. By considering socio-cultural capacities, stakeholders can turn crises into opportunities for growth and sustainable development. Therefore, focusing on building and enhancing the resilience of tourism industry stakeholders is essential for sustainable development. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a resilience model for tourism industry stakeholders by leveraging socio-cultural capacities in selected tourism provinces of Iran (Tehran, Yazd, Isfahan, and Hamedan). This research is fundamental in nature, employing a qualitative research method and conducted using the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through purposive theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with research experts. The data were then analyzed using data analysis principles and coding foundations with the assistance of MAXQDA software. As a result, the research model is presented in six main categories (causal conditions, the main phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences), six main themes (cultural and spiritual excellence of society, culture of support and innovation, challenges of the tourism industry, resilience of tourism industry stakeholders, resilience management, and resilient and sustainable tourism industry), 18 sub-themes (spiritual health, social cohesion and solidarity, innovation and creativity, governmental and non-governmental support, challenges of the tourism industry, creating resilience and preserving the governing values of the tourism industry, utilizing social and cultural capacities, etc.), and 64 conceptual codes. The implementation of the proposed model is expected to be utilized to enhance the resilience and performance of the tourism industry.

Historical tourism plays a crucial role in the economic and cultural development of cities with historical textures, such as Yazd, yet faces complex stakeholder dynamics. The involvement of multiple institutions in urban management and the diversity of actors linked to historical tourism complicates policymaking efforts. Numerous challenges and issues surrounding historical urban tourism, coupled with the wide array of involved stakeholders, make it difficult to effectively address and analyze the problems in this sector. This study employs the MACTOR method (Multi-Actor, Multi-Criteria Analysis) to analyze the roles of various stakeholders in the tourism of Yazd's historical context. The MACTOR method is an analytical tool in strategic management designed to address complex issues involving multiple topics and multiple stakeholders. The findings highlight that some key actors, including the provincial planning and management organization, the provincial political and security deputy, and the police force, exert the most influence among stakeholders. Meanwhile, three groups—local residents, shopkeepers, and tourism industry professionals—are identified as dual-role actors who are influential but also subject to external influences, limiting their independence. The municipality, the cultural heritage department, and tourists themselves act as regulatory intermediaries within the tourism system, balancing influence and being influenced. The study also reveals a high level of consensus among stakeholders on goals like increasing tourist numbers and enhancing security, while economic objectives show less alignment. These insights can assist policymakers in pinpointing stakeholders with shared goals and crafting effective strategies for sustainable tourism growth.

With its special characteristics, the tourism industry is considered a dynamic industry with a bright future that will lead to urban development. One of the festivals that is held in the center of Iran is the Mahallat Flower and Plant Festival, which attracts domestic and foreign tourists interested in flowers and plants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of soft and hard organizational infrastructure in the quality of event tourism and the consequences of the experience of flower and plant tourism in neighborhoods. The results of the research after analyzing the data using PLS software have shown that soft and hard organizational infrastructures affect the quality of tourism. Also, the involvement of tourists in cultural contact and memorable experience and memorable experiences affects the desire to visit again and advise others. In order to achieve the development of tourism, fundamental activities must be carried out on two fronts. From the point of view of the public sector and policymakers, it is necessary to provide the infrastructure, cooperation, and companionship with the private sector and provide the basic and necessary platforms to create motivation in the private sector. On the other hand, it is necessary for the private sector to be diligent in developing the required marketing strategies while adopting a systematic approach

This research, aimed at analyzing and evaluating online user reviews of accommodations in Tehran, utilizes advanced web scraping techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive automated web scraping method for collecting and analyzing user reviews on an online accommodation platform in Tehran. This smart method includes website selection, tool evaluation, data extraction, preprocessing, and review analysis. By employing this approach, accommodation owners, managers, and marketers can gain deep insights into customer preferences, satisfaction levels, and areas for improvement. Additionally, tourists and users can obtain valuable information from others' experiences when selecting their accommodation. Based on the research findings, the smart web scraping method enables the analysis of large and valuable datasets and can aid in strategic decision-making in the tourism services sector. The findings are presented using descriptive statistics and analytical tests, including t-tests and ANOVA, to assess the mean differences in user reviews across various hotel categories. The study indicates that the average ratings for hotel amenities, room prices, room quality, hotel location, and health protocols are generally above the expected average, reflecting a generally positive perception of Tehran's hotels

Sustainable tourism is a new but very important concept in the tourism industry. Countries can multiply their profits from this industry by following a few simple tips. The purpose of this article is to investigate the sociological factors of the market on sustainable tourism with an emphasis on the attraction of commercial tourism in Ganaveh city. The statistical population of the research includes 43,965 citizens over the age of 18 living in Ganaveh city. The statistical sample using Cochran's formula was 381 people who were selected as available. The research method is descriptive-correlation in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and researcher-made questionnaires were used to measure the research variables. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS software and hypothesis testing was done with structural equation method in SmartPLS software. The results of this research showed that among the factors affecting the development of tourism in Ganaveh city, according to the current requirements, including the commercial market and stores, tourism infrastructure, economic power, natural power, tourism facilities, demographic-social power, and it was also determined. Each of the above components is about 38.5% of the commercial market and stores, about 19.6% of tourism infrastructure, about 36.8% of economic power, about 39.5% of natural power, about 42.9% of tourism facilities, and finally, about 21% of the demographic-social power component. They explain the changes related to sustainable tourism development. Finally, the city of Ganaveh is in a good condition from the point of view of the categories affecting the development of sustainable tourism, such as tourism infrastructure, economic power, natural power, demographic-social power and tourism facilities.