مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 154، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1404)

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. If not diagnosed and treated, the disease can progress and worsen. Currently, liver biopsy is the standard method for diagnosing NAFLD, though it has numerous limitations. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can utilize clinical and imaging parameters to aid in the diagnosis of fatty liver disease. This study reviews AI-assisted diagnostic methods for fatty liver disease.

The present study is a systematic review of AI applications in diagnosing fatty liver disease. In the first phase, articles from citation databases were selected based on predefined criteria and then examined according to the algorithms used, types of data studied, involvement of clinical specialists, and clinical evaluation. Various evaluation parameters were used to assess the performance of the AI algorithms.

Researchers observed that, among the articles reviewed, 42% employed image processing, 58% relied on biomarkers, and in 84% of the studies, a specialist physician was involved. Nearly none of the studies included clinical evaluation, and most used black-box algorithms. Additionally, results from the T-TEST indicated no significant difference in AI performance between the two diagnostic approaches.

AI significantly aids in diagnosing fatty liver disease; however, the lack of clinical evaluation and reliance on black-box algorithms pose challenges. These limitations significantly impact the current application of AI in clinical settings.

The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of presenting the framework of the health level of families with the approach of sustainable sports participation: a systematic review.

In this systematic review of articles from scientific sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science in the period from 2000 to 2023. Finally, 28 articles were finally approved. Using the CASP tool, it is possible to measure the validity of the results obtained from meta-composite analysis, and the degree of coordination and the coefficient of agreement of the coders in the review of articles and the coding of indicators was used using the Kappa coefficient.

In this study, the Kappa coefficient for the coding of two researchers was 0.840 which indicates high reliability. According to the findings, a conceptual framework was presented based on the meta-analysis (systematic review) of the empirical and theoretical background of family health with the approach of sustainable sports participation, in which 34 indicators are proposed.

In this research, based on the analysis and combination of identification factors, the conceptual framework of family health with the approach of sustainable sports participation was presented, in which the effect of each of these factors on the health of families with the approach of sustainable sports participation was specified.

 Landing after a jump is a high-risk mechanism that can lead to numerous lower limb injuries, particularly in the knee. Most lower limb injuries occur when an individual is unprepared to cope with landing forces. This study was designed to comparison of the knee frontal plane projection angle (KFPPA) in various landing tasks on healthy female athletes.

In this cross-sectional study, 22 recreational female athletes with a mean age of 26.05 ± 2.05 years were selected through non-random sampling. KFPPA was measured during different landing tasks. The study involved four common landing tasks: double leg jump (DLJ), double leg drop (DLD), single leg jump (SLJ), and single leg drop (SLD).

KFPPA values for DLD and DLJ were similar (P = 0.18). Additionally, KFPPA during the SLD task was significantly higher than during SLJ, DLJ, and DLD tasks (P < 0.001 for all comparisons).

The findings highlight the importance of rehabilitation programs focusing on enhancing knee stability, especially for athletes engaged in single-leg landing tasks like SLD, to reduce the risk of common landing-related injuries.

Obesity and overweight affect approximately 40% of adults worldwide, increasing the risk of developing diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and have significant economic impacts on healthcare systems. High-intensity functional training (HIFT) and curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, are both recommended for their beneficial effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health. Therefore, this study evaluated the combined effect of HIFT and nanocurcumin on specific parameters such as blood lipids and leptin and NRG1 levels.

Forty obese men were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo, curcumin supplementation, functional training + placebo, and functional training + curcumin supplementation. The intervention lasted for eight weeks and consisted of three non-consecutive weekly sessions of functional training. Various markers including lipid profile (spectrophotometric method), fasting insulin (radioimmunoassay method), insulin resistance (homostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)), leptin and NRG1 levels (ELISA method) were measured before and after the intervention.

The results showed that the nanocurcumin + functional training group (Sup-Ex group) had the greatest decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-C and increase in HDL-C (p < 0.05). Also, insulin resistance, leptin and NRG1 levels in the Sup-Ex group had the greatest decrease (p < 0.05).

According to the findings of the present study, the combination of nanocurcumin exercises with functional training in obese individuals can be used to positively regulate lipid profile indicators, leptin and NRG1 levels, and it is also suggested that other indicators related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases be used with nanocurcumin and functional training intervention in future research.

 In different studies, there is a relationship between kidney function and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a biomarker of kidney function and is used in various diseases. In this study, we investigated the difference in BUN level during admission.

This cross-sectional study examined 250 patients with AMI between August and February 2023 and they divided into STEMI and NSTEMI groups based on electrocardiogram findings. The demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were obtained. The SPSS software version 22 and STATA version 17 were used for data analysis.

In this study, 27.2% of patients were female and average age was 61.28 ± 11.31 years. There was no statistically significant difference between STEMI and NSTEMI groups, in terms of underlying diseases and blood pressure (P<0.05). In addition, no statistically significant difference in BUN level was observed between the groups (P < 0.05).

According to the findings, BUN, an indicator of kidney function associated with various cardiovascular diseases, showed no significant difference between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI at the time of admission. Further research is necessary to achieve more conclusive results.

 Restoring and maintaining mitochondrial function due to myocardial infarction is an important therapeutic strategy to protect the heart. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and supplementation with branched amino acid (BCAA) nanoliposome on the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and 2 genes in the cardiomyocytes of male rat model of myocardial infarction.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of resistance training, supplement, combined (resistance training + supplement) and control after induction of myocardial infarction by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol. Resistance training consisted of eight weeks of ladder training with moderate intensity (70% of MVCC) and five days a week. In the supplement and combined groups, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks, BCAA nanoliposome supplement was received by gavage in the amount of 600 mg per kilogram of body weight. The expression of NRF-1 and NRF-2 genes was measured by Real-time PCR method.

The mean expression of NRF-1 and NRF2 genes in cardiomyocytes in exercise and combination groups was significantly higher than in control and supplement groups (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (P<0.05).

Based on the results of resistance training, by increasing NRF-1 and NRF-2, it improves the function of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes of heart attack model rats.

 Root resorption of adjacent teeth can occur as a result of impacted teeth. Processing filters are employed to aid in interpreting images for diagnosis or treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of contrast changes on the detection of external resorption in single-rooted teeth near impacted teeth in CBCT images.

In this in-vivo study, 50 healthy single-rooted teeth were collected. The teeth were first prepared to a depth of 0. 5, then 1 mm and finally 1.5 mm in the apical region of the root. CBCT images were obtained before and sample preparations. Images with three contrasts of low, medium and high were assessed by two radiologists. Data were analyzed using Kappa and Mac-Nemar tests in SPSS software. Overall accuracy was calculated using Roc curve analyzes.

According to the data collected from both observers, the sensitivity (P=0.886), specificity (P=0.667), and overall accuracy (0.7) were high in all three low, medium, and high contrasts. Although, adjustment of the contrast did not cause to significant difference in the detection of the analysis by the observers (P=0.846).

Considering that no significant difference was observed between low, medium and high contrasts, all three types of contrast can be used to detect external resorption of the apical root region due to adjacency to the impacted tooth

Readmission of patients refers to the return of a patient to the hospital after initial discharge, recognized as an indicator of hospital service quality. An increased readmission rate generally suggests a deficiency in care quality or incomplete treatment, potentially leading to increased costs and socioeconomic issues. This study aims to evaluate the impact of care interventions on reducing patient readmissions at Abuzar Children’s Hospital in Ahvaz.

This descriptive study was conducted at Abuzar Children’s Hospital in Ahvaz from April 2021 to October 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of discharge and subsequent readmission. Care interventions aimed at reducing readmission rates were implemented from October 2022 to October 2023, with data collected from patient records.

In 2021 and 2022, readmission rates were 0.41% and 0.42%, respectively, with the most common causes being disease relapse and discharge against medical advice. The highest readmission rates were in the neonatal (25.3%) and general (21.1%) departments. Following the interventions, there was a significant decrease (33.33%) in readmissions during the first half of 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022. Additionally, post-surgical infections and cases of discharge against medical advice were reduced.

Understanding the factors leading to readmission can help improve healthcare service quality and reduce costs. The findings indicate that regular care interventions can effectively decrease hospital readmission rates and enhance the quality of healthcare services. It is recommended that health-care interventions be tailored to specific age groups for more effective reduction in readmission rates.