نشریه دانش حسابداری مالی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 43، زمستان 1403)

Annual textual reports of companies have consistently been one of the most crucial sources for decision-making in the capital market. The qualitative characteristics of these disclosures, including tone and comprehensibility, are critical factors that enhance the usefulness of such information for decision-makers and protect shareholders' rights a point repeatedly emphasized by capital market regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tone management and the timely submission of audited financial statements, as well as the moderating role of corporate governance in this relationship.  To test the hypotheses, the study uses one of the most important textual disclosures of companies (the Board of Directors' activity report) and a sample comprising 896 observations from 112 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, covering the research period from 2014 to 2021.  The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between tone management and the timely submission of audit reports. The independence of the board of directors and CEO duality (respectively) strengthen and weaken this relationship. Further analyses reveal that auditor fees subsequently increase, and the findings remain robust even when considering the control variable of auditor change and the median lag in audit reporting. Based on the study's findings, company managers can reduce audit costs by avoiding tone management in textual disclosures. Auditors, in turn, can adjust their fees in proportion to the risk associated with tone management in other company disclosures.Contribution: This paper is grounded in the perspective of tone management and analyzes the impact of the quality of textual information on audit work and the moderating role of corporate governance. Additionally, it enhances our understanding of the consequences of tone management in timely reporting and the sensitivity of auditors' efforts to the tone of qualitative disclosures.

In recent years, the dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries and users of accounting information, on the one hand, and the emergence of technological innovations, on the other hand, have made it important to pay attention to the factors influencing the creation of the future of accounting. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify and analyze the structure of drivers affecting the future of accounting in Iran from the perspective of new technologies.

In order to identify the drivers affecting the future, semi-structured interviews with 17 experts were used and the most important ones were validated and agreed upon through fuzzy Delphi analysis. It should be mentioned that the structural analysis of the identified drivers was also done by applying the mutual effects analysis method through a questionnaire, using the Mac software. Finally, 72 drivers were accepted as important drivers in exploratory cognitive interviews and after performing fuzzy Delphi, the experts accepted 28 drivers. After the structural analysis of the drivers, the position of each driver in the form of the structural analysis matrix was identified as influential drivers, risk and target, effective and ineffective drivers.

The results show that 13 drivers have the most influence on the future of accounting in Iran.

According to experts, access to the Internet and specialized human resources with interdisciplinary skills are one of the most important drivers that can affect the creation of the future of accounting.Contribution: The results will be effective and useful in providing a systematic interpretation of the key drivers affecting the future of accounting from the perspective of new technologies and the relationships between them, this will also facilitate the formulation of future scenarios and policies.

The accounting profession must develop a new model that adapts to technological advancements and enhances its effectiveness. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of innovative accountants' competence on company growth and image, with an emphasis on the mediating role of business management efficiency and financial reporting quality. This research is applied and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population consists of 64 financial managers from manufacturing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2022. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. For hypothesis testing, structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) approach was employed, with the analysis conducted through SmartPLS software. The research findings demonstrate that the competence of innovative accountants positively influences both business management efficiency and financial reporting quality. The efficiency of business management and the quality of financial reporting positively impact company growth and serve as mediators in the relationship between the competence of innovative accountants and company growth. Furthermore, the competence of innovative accountants and the quality of financial reporting positively affect the company's image, with financial reporting quality also mediating the relationship between the competence of innovative accountants and the company's image. The innovative competencies of accountants are essential for enhancing management efficiency and improving financial reporting quality. These skills, by enhancing individual capabilities and improving organizational processes, help companies effectively address complex market challenges and improve their performance.Contribution: The research findings provide valuable insights for managers and investors, contributing to the improvement of strategic decision-making quality within companies.

The present study aimed to provide a model for the maturity of management accounting with a timely reporting approach and a meta-synesthetic approach. The present research evaluated and systematically analyzed the findings of previous studies and the results of the present research using a qualitative approach and meta-synesthetic tools from 2022 to 2023. The statistical population of the study included valid domestic and foreign scientific databases in the library study section, and expert and experienced university professors in the field of management accounting, financial managers, and management accountants of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the experimental section. The results revealed that the structural, architectural, and technical factors are effective in using management accounting with a timely reporting approach at a level of 0.632. The cultural, environmental, and social factors are effective at the level of 0.365. The lack of financial stability in organizations, the lack of maps and architecture for strategic plans and the lack of information forms and information sub-systems to achieve timely reporting are among the controlling, motivating, and monitoring factors at the level of 0.397. Among the platforms and strategies effective on management accounting with a timely reporting approach, the cultural, environmental, and economic platforms were obtained. They enhance the knowledge of employees and strengthen the human skills of managers regarding timely and integrated reporting, designing and creating organizational architecture, and adaptive architecture. The establishment of the management accounting system with the information technology governance approach strengthens corporate governance and the company's internal control system.

This study examines the relationship between the change of the audit committee chairman on audit quality, the type of auditor's opinion, and the audit fee. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a sample equal to 142 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2018 to 2023, equivalent to 710 company-years, was analyzed using multiple regression analysis based on combined data. The findings indicate that the change of the head of the audit committee has a negative relationship with audit quality. In addition, the findings showed that the change of the chairman of the audit committee has a positive and significant effect on the audit fee. Also, in this study, no significant relationship was found between the change of the chairman of the audit committee and the type of auditor's comments. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the new heads of the audit committee are aware of their supervisory shortcomings, therefore they demand the use of more audit procedures from the independent auditor, which leads to an increase in the audit fee. However, it seems that the increase in audit procedures cannot compensate for the supervisory deficiencies associated with the change of audit committee chairpersons and, as a result, the reduction of audit quality.Contribution: The findings of this research can be considered by regulatory bodies, company managers, independent auditors, shareholders and other stakeholders, when the chairman of the audit committee changes.

The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of risk perception and behavioral and cognitive biases on the risk-taking behavior of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange.  This is a descriptive-correlational study, which is applied in terms of its objective and survey-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes investors and managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2023, with a total of 348 companies. The data collection tool is a standardized questionnaire designed for the research variables. A closed-ended questionnaire based on the five-point Likert scale was used to measure the variables. The Moghimi Standard Questionnaire (2011) was employed to measure risk perception, the Sani Standard Questionnaire (2012) was used for behavioral biases, a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized for cognitive biases, and the Sani Standard Questionnaire (2012) was also used to assess investors' risk tolerance. To ensure content validity, expert opinions were sought, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.94) was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. The results of the study revealed that higher risk perception leads to a lower inclination to invest in both the short-term and long-term. Therefore, the first hypothesis of the research is confirmed. Furthermore, the results showed that more extroverted individuals are less likely to invest in the short-term and long-term. The findings of this research indicate that risk perception, along with behavioral and cognitive biases, significantly influences investors' risk tolerance in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Contribution: This research can assist in more accurately identifying behavioral biases and aligning individuals’ demographic characteristics with their investment styles.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between geographical location and the level of disclosure in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 134 companies were investigated during the period of 2018-2022. This research is descriptive correlational in nature and applied in purpose. In this research, to measure the geographical location of companies, Google Maps was used and other information was extracted from Rahvard Novin 3 software and summarized, classified and calculated by Excel software, and finally the hypotheses were tested through EViews and Stata software at a confidence level of 0.95. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant effect between the geographic location of companies on voluntary disclosure; However, reliable evidence that the geographic location of companies has an effect on mandatory disclosure was not found at the confidence level of 0.95. Correct and appropriate disclosure of financial information, including providing timely and accurate profit forecasts, by filling the gap of information asymmetry between managers and shareholders, reduces the representation problem.Contribution: The findings show that the greater the distance of companies from the stock exchange organization, the more willing they are to voluntary disclosure to reduce remote monitoring costs and agency costs. With these interpretations, investors should pay attention to the geographical location of companies, companies can also reduce information risk by increasing transparency and voluntary disclosure, and also the stock exchange organization should make the level of information disclosure uniform for companies in different geographical distances by establishing appropriate laws.