مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 805 (هفته اول اردیبهشت 1404)

Viral infections, especially adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) infection, are considered an important factor in the development of obesity. The effects of Ad-36 infection are contradictory. On the one hand, Ad-36 infection leads to weight gain and fat accumulation, increased inflammation, and entry of macrophages into fat cells, causing obesity. On the other hand, it leads to reduced insulin resistance, improved lipid profile, and glycemic control. These effects may partly explain the variability in individual responses to antidiabetic drugs such as metformin and pioglitazone. Moreover, Ad-36 infection may potentially influence the development of new antidiabetic drugs. Further studies in this field are necessary.

Developing active methods to develop students' decision-making skills in managing crises is momentous. This study aimed to determine the effect of training using the script development method on students' satisfaction and learning of crisis management principles compared to lectures.
A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Sixty students were divided into intervention and control groups based on the sample size formula. Education in the intervention group was conducted using the script development method, and in the control group, using the interactive lecture method. Learning was assessed using a key characteristics test (modified descriptive questions), and student satisfaction was assessed with a 10-question questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Student T-Test).
The learning scores in the intervention group were 18.8 ± 1.09 out of 20, and the scores in the control group were 16.1 ± 1.8. (P = 0.001). Students' satisfaction with the scenario writing method was 9.18 ± 1.03 and 7.64 ± 100.78. (P = 0.001).
The results showed that the script development method improved student satisfaction and learning. The script development method provides the opportunity to develop decision-making skills and manage difficult situations by creating the opportunity to develop scenarios and pay attention to all aspects of the phenomenon and its analysis. It is suggested that the script development method be used in disaster management education in medical universities.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant bacterium responsible for various infections. The increasing spread of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria is concerning. Key factors contributing to the rise in antibiotic resistance include the presence of integrons and the ability to form biofilms. The current study investigated the abundance of class 1 and 2 integrons and biofilm formation among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tehran, Iran.
In this study, 100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. The samples were examined in terms of microbial and biochemical culture, molecular confirmation was done by PCR for OprL genes and the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons was checked. The significance of variables was checked with the p-value.
The prevalence of integron class 1 and 2 was 47% and 8%, respectively. Integron 1 and 2 were significantly higher in severe and moderate biofilm than in weak cases (P < 0.05). Out of 33 samples with strong biofilm, 90.9% of samples had the integron one gene. The results showed that the integron one gene was significantly higher in Multiple drug resistance (MDR) samples than in non-MDR samples (P < 0.05).
The relationship between biofilm formation and the presence of integrons shows the role of these factors in creating antibiotic resistance, and the presence of integrons 1 and 2 in clinical strains can increase the risk of drug resistance gene transmission.

Optimal muscle strength is a critical factor influencing performance and reducing injuries among wrestlers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an eight-week modified FIFA 11+ warm-up program on the isokinetic knee strength of elite wrestlers.
In this quasi-experimental study, 27 elite wrestlers were selected as participants and divided into two groups: training (n = 13) and control (n = 14). The training group performed the modified FIFA 11+ warm-up program for 8 weeks, which included aerobic, stretching, plyometric, strength, balance, and speed activities. The control group continued their traditional training routines. The strength of the knee flexor and extensor muscles and the flexor-to-extensor strength ratio were assessed using a Biodex Isokinetic System Pro3 at pre-test and post-test phases. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software (P < 0.05).
The results of this study indicated that concentric strength of the knee flexor muscles at both angular velocities of 60°/s and 120°/s (P = 0.001), eccentric strength of the knee flexor muscles at 60°/s (P = 0.044) and 120°/s (P = 0.003), and both concentric (P = 0.002) and eccentric (P = 0.003) strength of the knee extensor muscles at 120°/s were significantly greater in the post-test compared to the control group. Furthermore, the hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratio was notably higher in the post-test compared to the control group (P = 0.001).
The modified FIFA 11+ program increased knee strength factors, so it can be recommended that they be incorporated into warm-up routines to enhance strength and performance and also potentially contribute to injury prevention.

Childbirth experience is one of the momentous experiences in women's lives, and identifying its relationship with psychological issues and its consequences can be a step towards improving the level of mental health of mothers; therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the birth experience and its relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder in primiparous women in 2023.
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 eligible primiparous women referring to comprehensive health centers in Sanandaj city, who were selected in a cluster manner. The data collection tool included a demographic and clinical characteristics form, the childbirth experience, and city birth trauma questionnaires. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and the Independent T-test. P < 0.05 was considered.
The study findings showed that the mean scores of birth experience and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the rate of dissociative symptoms were 2.84 ± 0.55, 18.21 ± 11.23, and 57.3%, respectively. Postpartum PTSD was significantly associated with education level (P = 0.006), having a companion during labor (P = 0.007), and spousal support (P = 0.004). With an increase in the birth experience score, the mean PTSD score decreased significantly (P = 0.001), and with an increase in the positive experience of childbirth, the rate of dissociative symptoms decreased (P = 0.001).
The childbirth experience score in Sanandaj women was relatively favorable. The average score of post-traumatic stress disorder was lower than the average of the entire scale, and factors such as the educational level of the participants, having a companion during labor, and the level of support from their spouse were related to it. There was also a negative and significant relationship between childbirth experience and post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative symptoms, and creating a good and pleasant experience during labor and delivery for mothers reduces the incidence.