نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 184 (بهمن و اسفند 1403)

The self-advocacy movement approach is a approach that one acquires the ability to defend their rights by being in self-advocacy groups and gain social adjustment. It is important to examine self- advocacy approaches to enhancing students' social adjustment with intellectual disability. This research was done with the aim of self-advocacy approach to the social adjustment of students with intellectual disability.

The present study was descriptive and reviewed. The articles, theses and books available in reputable scientific databases were used from 1990 to 2023 years.

The results of the present study showed that considering that humans deserve the ability to defend their rights and social adaptation. The self-support approach is an important strategy to support students with intellectual disabilities in order to increase social adaptation.

The self-supporting approach for students with intellectual disabilities should be implemented as a basic support system in society to empower and strengthen social adaptation. Therefore, some kind of self-support groups should be formed for students with mental disabilities at the community level.

Inclusive education based on acceptance and learning principles for all individuals is defined as inclusive education. This research aims to present a model for inclusive sports education of people with disabilities in Iran.

A mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative) was sequentially exploratory. Participants included experts and sports professionals working with people with disabilities. Interviews were conducted with sixteen participants for qualitative data saturation and ten participants for quantitative data. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method.

A total of 602 open codes were obtained, which were reduced to 182 unique open codes after merging repetitive codes. These codes represent effective factors in inclusive sports education for people with disabilities. The final thematic codes were categorized into three levels: micro, meso and macro statistics, with six, fourteen, and five core codes, respectively.

Based on the results and identification of influential factors in inclusive sports education for people with disabilities, the role of teachers and disabled people in the micro factors, the role of sports management and sports organizational finances in the meso factors, and the role of the country's macroeconomic situation and society in the macro factors were of higher importance.

Background and purpose: 

Behavioral disorder is the result of the child's interaction with the surrounding environment, which is associated with consequences such as conflict with society, dissatisfaction, personal unhappiness and failure in school. The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of emotional selfcontrol training on aggression and emotion control of male students with behavioral disorders.

A semi-experimental research method was carried out with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the male students of the 6th grade with behavioral disorders in the city of Al-Shatar in the academic year of 2022-2023. Among the statistical population, the number of 28 students with behavioral disorders was selected based on the opinion of the counselors and teachers of the students using available sampling method, and then 14 students were selected in the experimental group from among the selected sample using random sampling method and 14 other students were assigned to the control group. The experimental group underwent emotional self-control training, but the control group did not receive the training. In order to collect data, Bass and Perry aggression questionnaire, emotion control scale and Rater 7 behavioral problems questionnaire form B (teacher) were used. The findings were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed that emotional self-control training had a significant effect on aggression and emotion control of research subjects (p<0.05). In other words; As a result of receiving the emotional self-control training approach, the subjects of the experimental group had higher control of aggression and emotions.

According to the results of this research, it can be said that the approach of teaching emotional self-control is a useful and constructive approach in reducing the behavioral problems of students with behavioral disorders.

Background and purpose: 

Deafness is a kind of neurological sensorineural disorder that is related to various disorders in the field of emotional, social and cognitive development. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Persian language metaphors using the electronic educational package method on self-awareness skills in students with hearing impairment.

The research method was an experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students with hearing loss in the ninth grade of the first year of high school in Tehran, 30of them were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). In order to collect information, the questionnaire of Cooper's self-awareness skills was used. The experimental group was taught Persian language metaphors by electronic method (8 sessions), the control group did not receive any intervention except formal school training. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance statistical test.

The results showed that the teaching of Persian language metaphors using the electronic method was effective on the self-awareness skills of students with hearing impairment. Considering the importance of teaching Persian language to hearing impaired students, it is necessary to use various methods to teach Persian language metaphors and such methods are recommended as supplementary education in schools.

Background and purpose: 

This study aimed to test the causal model of quality of life based on unconditional acceptance, ego strength and spiritual health by mediating parenting stress of mothers with blind children in west of Mazandaran province.

The present study is an applied and correlational research. The statistical population included all mothers of children with visual and hearing impairments in Tonekabon, Ramsar, Abbas Abad, and Chalous cities in 2023. Considering the mean of previous studies and the number of variables, a sample of 233 mothers was selected through purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire – Short Form (2005), Abidin's Parenting Stress Index (1990), Chamberlain and Haaga's Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (2001), Spiritual Well- Being Scale (1982), and Reker's Ego Strength Scale (2003). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, AMOS version 24, and structural equation modeling (SEM) method.

Spiritual well-being and unconditional self-acceptance had significant effects on predicting the quality of life of mothers of children with visual impairments (P = 0.001). Furthermore, parenting stress positively and significantly mediated the relationship between spiritual well-being, unconditional selfacceptance, and the quality of life of mothers of children with visual and hearing impairments.

Considering the influential role of the studied variables in predicting the quality of life of mothers of children with visual impairments, proper planning and establishing appropriate infrastructures are necessary to improve the quality of life of these mothers.

Background and Purpose: 

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the lived experience of teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder from virtual education during the Corona era.

This research was conducted in the interpretive paradigm and in a qualitative manner with a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of this research included all the teachers of the 6th district of autism schools in Tehran in the academic year of 1402-1401 who had the experience of teaching students with autism spectrum disorder during the Corona era. To select the sample size, the purposeful and standard sampling method was used. For this purpose, in the first stage, interviews were conducted with 20 teachers of District 6 and theoretical saturation was achieved. In the following, the data was collected through semi-structured interviews and according to the conditions of the people, in three formats: face-to-face, telephone, and online, in the form of open-ended questions. In this research, thematic analysis method was used to identify, analyze and report the results of the qualitative data obtained from the interview.

The findings of the research showed that from the perspective of the participants in the research, the lived experience of virtual education had 4 subcategories, including teaching, job stress, technological problems, and communication style. Also, the opportunities of virtual education in the Corona era had 5 categories, including the development of technological skills, the development of online teaching skills, the spread of virtual education, the strengthening of virtual education infrastructure, and cost-effectiveness. Also, the challenges of virtual education in the Corona era had 5 categories: communication problems, educational and teaching problems, parents' inattention, poor equipment and students' attention loss.

virtual education has suitable opportunities for students with autism spectrum disorder. Since these people have a visual learning style and virtual education can support this type of style. It is suggested to strengthen the infrastructure of holding virtual education for these people and to use technological capacities in teaching to enrich the learning process of students.