پژوهشنامه ادب غنایی
پیاپی 44 (بهار و تابستان 1404)

Poetry is considered to be the language of the self, the language of the present, and represents the different emotional states of human beings. From this point of view, poetry is considered as an eyelet to the unconscious. For this reason, nowadays psychotherapists try to use poetry as an intervention to improve and solve mental and behavioral problems of humans. Because in the poetry of poets like Nezami, who have expressed their feelings, imaginations and sublime moral and didactic thoughts in the form of anecdotes and stories, there are motives hidden that can be a useful stimulus for Passing through difficulties and increasing the amount of human experience in dealing with disappointment. For this purpose, the present research aims to use descriptive-analytical methods, based on interdisciplinary studies; Also, experimentally, pre-test and post-test with two control and experimental groups, to investigate how the collection of Panj Ganj Nezami poems affects the audience, in order to guide psychotherapists to scientific and principled use of Nezami poems as one of the interventions. Encourage therapy (poetry therapy) and answer the question, what solutions does Nezami suggest to face and reduce disappointment? The findings of the research show that in cases where a person is disappointed due to the adversities of life and cannot bear the bitter realities of life, reading some military poems can act as a medicine and change his way of thinking to some extent and by creating an insinuation on To influence the structure of a person's life and worldview and reduce his sadness and give the audience hope for life.

Aqil Khan Razi, according to Muhammad Amin Amer, around 1614/1206 AH. In Aurangabad Deccan, he opened his eyes to the world, but according to a verse of the poet himself, his origin is from sleep. Razi's original name was Mir Askari, but he chose Khalls Razi for himself, which was probably due to his spiritual attribution to his meaning, Burhanuddin Raz Elahi. Aqil Khan was a poet, historian and statesman of the Gorkan period of India and held high positions. He had a well-known name in the field of history, politics, and literature in India, but in Iran, he should be included among the unknown poets. After studying the basics to acquire spiritual knowledge, he turned to Hazrat Burhanuddin Raz Elahi, who lived during the reign of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the King of India, and was one of the famous mystics of Shattariya. The authors are trying to answer this question by means of content analysis and using the poet's divan, what is the appearance and nature of Shatariyeh's love in the poem of Aqil Khan Razi? And the Qalandari of the poet is about love for the secret treasure of absolute existence.

Mystical texts, be discovered from different perspectives. One of them is mythological analysis. there are theories and methods, among which the theory-method of myth analysis can be mentioned. Mythology was done by Denis de Rougemont. Two Swiss and Francois researchers are both mythologists. However, their views are useful. In the article, In the present article, the exploration of the myth of love in the mystical texts of Asrar al-Tawheed, Tazkire al-Awliya, Temhidat, Mursada al-Abad and Awarif al-Maarif is discussed. This article is based on Gilbert Doran's view and proceeded with descriptive-analytical method. Finally, the conclusion has been reached that the myth of love among Iranian and non-Iranian myths, with connecting themes between dominant and defeated, old and young, And the rich and the poor are discussed, and to create a sense of revenge, they refer to impatience, jealousy, the property of immortality and immortality, turning away from a lover and facing hardship. In mystical texts, love also has positive attributes such as: life-giving, eternal and eternal, immortality and immortalization, current in beings, dominance over powers, superiority over reason, secret and symbolic, and attractor of truth. Its negative attributes: it creates difficulty, it is against the path of a lover, it is scandalous and incurable. Other attributes of love are related to the lover; Like the love of mystics, the representative of the creator, in the position of remembrancer and seeker, satisfaction and submission; Negation of love, worldly attachments and self-righteousness; lover attractor These themes indicate the power of the mystics and mostly focus on the positive aspects of this myth. This point of view refers to the belief of mystics about the exaltation of the element of love.

Four lyric poems on autumn by four poets, namely, Martin Malone (1963- ), Daniel Fraser (1987- ), Ghadmali Sarrami (1943- ) and Fazel Nazari (1979- ) are studied here. The approach adopted is ecocritical and the main question to answer is how sensitive each poem is to environmental concerns, if at all. The concerns include global warming, extinction of species, water pollution, air pollution and climate change among many other similar ones for which man is to be blamed almost exclusively. The methodology is descriptive-analytical, and the findings show that Malone and Fraser, being more conscious to environmental concerns, use “autumn” as a backbone to piece together a set of interconnected cases of destruction and disruptions brought about to nature by human beings; while Sarrami and Nazari use it symbolically to answer some ancient philosophical questions and to express their innermost individual cares and concerns, respectively, nature.

The sky, one of the manifestations of nature and as the place where blessings descend, has always been of interest to humans. The effect of the sky on the material, psychological and spiritual aspects of human life has been revealed in the works of many artists, including poets and architects, and based on this, this theoretical research aims to investigate the role of the sky and its manifestations in the poems of prominent Iranian poets and its influence. on the physical, mental and spiritual dimensions of man, by examining the amount and type of the presence and manifestation of the sky in the poems of some poets with a qualitative approach, in a descriptive-analytical way and logical reasoning with evidence from library sources, to answer the question that the mental images of the sky in Which aspect of human life, material, psychological and spiritual, have the poems of prominent poets emphasized the most, and how has it been manifested in the architectural space? The findings show that prominent poets of the 6th to 8th centuries of AH, including Anuri, Khaqani, Saadi, Rumi and Hafez, in some of their poems, while emphasizing the provision of human needs by the sky from the material, psychological and spiritual dimensions, the role of the sky in one of these Dimensions have had more attention and emphasis. As a result, just as in the poems of prominent poets, the spiritual dimension of the sky, compared to the material and psychological dimension, has assigned the highest share in meeting the needs of man, architects, like poets, in addition to paying attention to the material and psychological needs of man, also consider his spiritual needs. also provided by the presence and manifestation of the sky in the architectural space.

In the love triangle theory, Sternberg examines the types of stable and unstable romantic relationships of couples. Mustafa Mastour is one of the contemporary romance writers whose love is the focal point of his stories. In the novel "Love and Other Things", Mastur narrates the story of the conflict between love and other things. The purpose of this research is to analyze this novel based on the love triangle theory, which tries to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method: based on the love triangle theory, what types of love are there in the novel Love and other things, with what elements and characteristics? In this novel, each of the characters express their views on love and other concepts such as wealth, revenge, forgiveness, loyalty, etc., based on their words and dialogues, while reflecting a part of their existence. The four characters advance the main narrative of the story in the form of dialogue by strengthening the conflict and creating suspense, and sometimes with sub-narratives, they provide the conditions for the acceptance of Plot for the audience's mind. The excessive preoccupation of Hani - the main character of the story - makes the situation darker for him. His love for the swallow and the finding of Iskandar and his marriage with the swallow are a crystallization of love and other things in his being that undergo changes throughout the narrative. According to the love triangle theory, the romantic relationships of the characters in this novel are compatible with transcendental love (commitment + intimacy + passion), sad love (passion) and petty love (lacking all three components), romantic love (intimacy + passion) which It can help to better understand the meaning of love and the hidden layers of the text of this narrative and justify the phenomena related to emotional relationships.

Past generations’ wide attention to the sky and constellations caused people to believe in the impact of constellations on their lives. The issue encompassed all life affairs such as destiny, victories and failures, fortunes and misfortunes, inundation, and drought. It also caused new concepts to rise, such as the good and bad omens, horoscopes, and astronomical authorization. This common belief aroused interest in Iranian poets, specifically after the second half of the fifth century of the Hijra (11th century AD). Therefore, it would be impossible to interpret the verses of those poets without having enough astronomical knowledge. In the present study, bad omens in the poetries of Anvari, Nezami, and Masud Sa'd Salman have been investigated, who were also astronomers. As a result, thirteen bad omens were extracted from the poems of these poets, and their goodness was explained based on reliable and ancient astronomical works. Considering good omens was also necessary to discuss bad omens. However, due to lack of space, another research will study those bad omens.

Sufi groups and Sufi sects of the Islamic world played an important role in social evolutions. Their doctrines were vastly reflected in literature; i.e. many valuable literary works were created in this field in the historical development of Arabic literature and culture. Mustafa Leghtiri is an effective Moroccan contemporary author who is among those people that Sufism and mysticism had wonderful reflections in their thought and language, and the thought foundation of this author was established in a mystical environment. In his well-known novel named Al-Atlasi al-Ta'e, he exploited the Islamic-religious secrets to successfully depict the mysticism and Sufism displays. The analytical-descriptive method is used here to investigate displays of mysticism and Sufism in the aforementioned novel. The results of studying the Al-Atlasi al-Ta'e novel indicate that this novel consists of mystical concepts that the author displayed using easy and familiar language through the novel characters, delicate scenery, and detailed images. Silence, light, sleep and dream, music, dance and singing, isolation and seclusion, forbearance, etc. components are the displays of Sufism and mysticism in this novel. These components are discussed artistically and play an effective role in narrating the adventures of the story and its attraction.

The Karpman triangle, designed by Stephen Karpman and named after him, is a psychological model that expresses the performance of people in a psychological drama triangle. In the triple sides of Karpman's triangle, there are three roles that people remain in this triangle while interacting with each other and moving in the triple roles. The opposite point of Karpman's drama triangle is Ted's triangle, where the three characters with awareness Through their thinking and behavior, they are saved from the drama triangle. In this article, the author examines the main characters of Weiss and Ramin based on Karpman's personality model, following this psychological analysis, Mobed, Weiss, Ramin and Daye played roles as abusers, victims and saviors and with Behavioral turns in these three roles remain in the drama triangle. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characters of the Weiss and Ramin system according to Karpman's drama triangle, and according to the results, a fixed pattern governs various human conditions and relationships. which is also reflected in different stories, based on this, people are condemned in inevitable forced conditions, who are not able to change the conditions and get rid of the drama triangle except with mindfulness.

In this theory, in addition to analyzing the level of meaning, the linguistic, cognitive and sociological levels of humor are also analyzed. "Al-Bokhla" is a famous work of "Jahiz" in which various states of celebrities, scholars and miserly writers are described in the form of short stories. Due to its attractive and critical nature, Al-Bakhla's prose plays an effective role in creating, stabilizing and normalizing Jahiz's mental ideas in the form of humor. The existence of this feature shows that this work has the ability to adapt to the general theory of verbal humor; Therefore, in this research, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, six variables of the general theory of verbal humor are investigated in the stories of Al-Bakhla. The results show that the opposition of the image in this work is real/unreal, expected/unexpected and possible/impossible, and with the help of displacement, inversion, juxtaposition and reasoning between the images of each story, clarification has been created; Therefore, the position and purpose of each story is designed according to the taste of the audience. Also, Jahiz has used constructional, lexical, syntactic and semantic levels in order to strengthen the language of his stories.

The fate of devotees and ascetics who endured the inevitable fall at the height of piety and piety has been seen in all ages. Barsisa Abed is a powerful and noble hero whose pride and arrogance make him succumb to evil temptations. Sheikh Sana'an, who is an old man of worship, discovery and honors, passes away from his religion and faith due to the love of Tersa's daughter, but he returns to the right path with the care of the truth. Two notable stories of Abid taken from Saadi's narrative in the fifth Majlis of the Five Majlis and Sheikh Sanaan from Al-Tir Attar's logic are among the allegorical works whose main character leaves the path of salvation. Nortrobe Fry, a prominent Canadian mythologist, in the book "The Code of the Whole" takes a new look at issues such as myth, metaphor and personality, and by using the stories of the Bible, presents a different kind of reading of literary works.The purpose of this article is to examine the ending and the end of the characters of two stories based on the theory of Northrop Frye. The main question of the research is that based on the perspective of Fry's allegorical reading in the book "Ramz Kol", what are the characteristics of the characters of Barsisa and Sheikh Sanan? The method of this research was descriptive-analytical, and the findings of the research showed that the character clearly, among the ideas of the corresponding concepts considered by Fry, corresponds to the fall of Iblis, and the story of Sheikh Sanaan also reflects the correspondence between Adam and Sheikh Sanaan, and he, like Adam has gone through three stages of an adventurous journey, a fateful struggle and a hero's exaltation.

The new movement of positive psychology, by Martin Seligman, aims to help the human race to optimize the develop human virtues, which are placed in six groups: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcendence. In the teachings of Rumi, the indicators of positive psychology can be shown. This essay, which was done in an analytical-descriptive way, tries to analyze the virtue of "justice" in the works of Rumi. The results indicate that this virtue and its subsets: fairness, leadership, social responsibility, can be explained in the teachings of Rumi. Seligman and Rumi have differences with each other in this field, the most important of which is the way these two thinkers look at humans; Because the methods of these two thinkers to express the same doctrine are different from each other; That is, Rumi's view is based on the religious. With the help of religious sources, Rumi is trying to guide the people of the society with this outstanding style; But Seligman's view is based on the positivist culture. Rumi considers the acquisition of all the virtues in the direction of God's nearness and death in the name of God, while this issue is not mentioned in Seligman's works.

Paradox is a literary craft that has a precedent in ancient Persian literature and is one of the best-known arrays of modern poetry in spiritual science. Manzavi, as one of the innovative poets in contemporary poetry, has usually dealt with this poetic technique. Lexical and conceptual repetition, innovation and surprise can be among the indicators of determining the contradictions of less effective or shallow and effective or deep. In this research, an attempt is made to provide a specific definition of shallow and deep contradictions based on the descriptive analytical method, and then to answer this question by examining the existence of this literary array in isolated sonnets. Let's find out the contribution of each of these contradictions in his sonnet; The results obtained from this research indicate that the lexical and conceptual repetitions in the construction of contradictions in his sonnets are far more than the innovation and surprise in the totality of these contradictions.