فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 64 (تابستان 1403)

The research is to explain the role of sports on political authority. It was practical in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of method. In the qualitative part, the classical grounded theory method was used. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 30 members of the Islamic Republic of Japan's 2020 Olympic delegation and sports experts. The sample size in this research was continued until conceptual saturation and the purposeful sampling method was used. In the quantitative part, the statistical population were 320 people that 143 people from the delegation of athletes sent to the Olympic Games were selected based on Morgan's table. The data analyzed using the available sampling method, a researcher-made questionnaire with spss software version 22 and regression test.The findings obtained in the qualitative section include 178 codes, 23 core codes and 6 selective codes. The research findings in the quantitative section showed that sport influence Iran's political authority through the components of sports influence, sports diplomacy, legitimacy, intelligent power, legal authority and sports dominance. As a result, among the calculated components, the components of legal authority and sports influence have played the most important role in this process.

The research is to develop a strategic map for elite Iranian sports. It was a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of the method of collecting information in which the required information was obtained in the qualitative part by using individual interviews and the strategic council, and in the quantitative part by using special matrices of strategic studies and pairwise comparison questionnaires. The members of the strategic council included 14 university faculty members, heads of sports federations, managers and deputies of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, officials of the National Olympic Committee, general managers of sports and youth in the provinces, elite athletes in selected sports, coaches and referees. In order to analyze the information quantitatively, as well as obtain more accurate information about the verification of the framework, it was started from studying the theoretical foundations and the background of the research, and then preparing an interview guide. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed by using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique. Using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique, the strategic map of the country's championship sports was compiled and 11 strategies counted in 5 levels.

The research is to study the main drivers of Iranian professional sports development in the horizon of 2035. It was inductive research from the perspective of approach; fundamental from the perspective of orientation; hybrid from the point of view of method; future research from the point of view of strategy; paradigm of complexity theory from the point of view of paradigm and it has been carried out in three steps from the point of view of time. The participants were the experts. The selection of these people was purposeful and 31 people were selected based on the criteria of expertise.  Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data. Lincoln and Guba (1985) evaluation indices were used to audit the research which included validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability. In order to analyze the data, the coding method was used in the interview analysis section and the structural analysis method was used in the futures section with the help of MICMAC software.The findings showed that the future of the development of professional sports in Iran is affected by 14 variables, but four variables are of government ownership in club ownership. The nature of club management, women's sports and foreign investment are the drivers that shape the future of sports. Iran's professions are undergoing changes. Therefore, the result can be found through influencing and adapting to the mentioned variables, a more active role in guiding and at the same time getting prepared and adapting to the future developments of professional sports in the horizon of 2035.

The research is to identify the factors affecting the growth of professional sports clubs which affect the development of the sports industry, by focusing on the strategic foresight of Iran's professional sports through a world-class approach. The data of this qualitative research, which was of an exploratory-fundamental nature collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports clubs. A detailed interpretative understanding and preliminary and theoretical codings determined that professional sports clubs can build their desired future based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, set a perspective for it.In this research, a total of fifteen main factors affecting the strategic foresight of Iran's professional sports with a world-class approach include: sports structure, foundational factors, hardware infrastructure, background factors, key stakeholders, development with a global approach, actors Key, human resource development, and possible consequences, global development consequences, preferred future, uncertainties, drivers and surprises. In general, economic considerations are described in world-class professional sports more than anything else, although cultural elements also play a role in this field. Despite the importance of culture in globalization discourses in sports, economic considerations play more important role.

The purpose of this research was to research the main drivers of women's participation in sports. This research was methodologically mixed (qualitative and quantitative) and its design was simultaneous. In the qualitative part, the research strategy was environmental scanning and in the quantitative part, futures research was the method of interaction analysis. The statistical population of this study was experts and reviewed resources that were purposefully selected and based on theoretical saturation and secondary sources, 14 experts in the field of women's sports were interviewed, including managers, officials and experts in women's sports. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and a checklist in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data, the coding method was used in the interview analysis section and the structural analysis method was used in the futures section with the help of MICMAC software. The findings showed that the future of women's participation in sports is affected by 22 variables, but the five variables of healthy lifestyle, holding managerial positions, role and function of media, gender justice and investment in women's sports are driving Are changing the future of women's participation in sports. As a strategic conclusion, it should be considered that the realization of a favorable scenario for the future of women's participation in sports requires the attention and focus of policy makers and planners on the variables that can be changed to the purposeful change and improvement of the system.

On the one hand, the sports organizations are faced with a variable and threatening environment and on the other hand, the increasing trend of sports developments in domestic and international fields have caused more expectations and requests on the part of the society. Therefore, the research is to design a model for strategic thinking in order to improve the productivity of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The method was qualitative based on Grounded Theory. The semi-structured interviews were used yo collect the data.The sample was chosen based on theoretical saturation (22 participants) from sports administrators and university professors through targeted method. The data was analyzed in three codifying stages that were introduced in causative effective conditions (7categories), interventional conditions (7categories),  grounded conditions (2 categories) which facilitate or expedite the interrelation among these three, the required strategies (6categories) and consequences (3categories). In this paradigmatic model, “the path-oriented analysis”, “the visualizing mind”, “the coherent mind” and “the integrated thought” were chosen as the main reasons behind the institutionalization of the strategic thought in the ministry. It could be concluded that if exerted the strategies in order to institutionalize the strategic thinking in this organization, some consequences will arise such as the modernization of the ministry, the creation of a Non destructive ministry and also the clarity of the path of sport development.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of organizational success in the Ministry of Sports and Youth with an emphasis on future thinking. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature; Which is done in the field. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included experts and elites familiar with the topics of organizational behavior and strategic management in sports organizations. Therefore, 14 people were selected for interview using the purposeful method. The intra-subject agreement method was used to confirm the reliability. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. In this study, work skills, organizational drivers, are considered as causal conditions. Educational and infrastructure categories are considered as background conditions. Intra-organizational categories and strategic problems act as intervening conditions that improve the phenomenon under study. Foresight, improvement and control are considered as strategies that are adopted to control, manage and respond to the phenomenon under study. The categories of work ethic and performance and productivity are considered as the result of this model. In this regard, focusing on the model can lead to organizational success of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran.

The study is to identify barriers to substitution in the General Departments of Sports and Youth of Iran.  It was applied research based on the purpose and data collection was done by mixed exploratory method (in the first part, the barriers were identified qualitatively and in the second part, the barriers were leveled quantitatively-qualitatively). The participants included professors of sports management, managers of general departments of sports and youth of the country and 12 interviews were conducted using theoretical purposive sampling method based on theoretical saturation criteria. The data collection tools were semi-structured interview and structural self-interaction matrix questionnaire. In the first part, the data were categorized using thematic analysis method and in the form of basic, organized and comprehensive themes. Also, using the interpretive structural model, the identified obstacles were classified. The barriers to the development of substitution in the general departments of sports and youth as a comprehensive theme including 54 basic themes and 7 organizational themes (lack of meritocracy culture, individual barriers, poor management, economic barriers, legal barriers, structural barriers and Political-communication barriers) which were classified into 5 levels and it was found that the most basic barriers to substitution in the general departments of sports and youth are structural barriers, economic barriers and poor management. Therefore, given that structural barriers rank highest among other barriers affecting the establishment of a succession system, managers should define the job descriptions of key positions, and periodic evaluations of individuals should be made according to the talent of individuals, and then the positions are considered for them.

The purpose of study was to design a strategic agility model in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is a sequential exploratory combination. The statistical population in the qualitative section included managers of the Ministry of Sports, professors of sports management and experts active . Using purposive sampling method and snowball and theoretical saturation technique, sampling was performed in qualitative section . Coding method was used to analyze the interview data. The statistical population of the quantitative part of this study included the staff and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth who were selected as a statistical sample using a Barclay index of 220 people by simple random sampling. To collect information in a quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative part was used, SPSS and SmartPLS software were used for data analysis. In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that 12 main categories in the form of 97 primary codes were placed in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main components of the research have a good fit. Due to the currently changing environment for various organizations, the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth are suggested to use the model presented in this study to benefit from the positive consequences of strategic agility.

The research is to present an institutionalization model for women's sports management. It was interpretive research in terms of philosophy, fundamental in terms of approach, foundational data theory in terms of strategy, qualitative research in terms of research selection, and cross-sectional in terms of time period, and its data collection method was interviews. The statistical population was included of experts in the field of women's sports management- university professors and staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the National Sports Olympic Committee. The snowball sampling method was used and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation (15 interviews). To collect information, semi-structured interviews were used and for data analysis, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding, and theoretical coding were used.Based on the analysis of the interviews, it was determined that the institutionalization of women's sports management succession in Iran is influenced by contextual factors (gender justice, organizational dynamics and maturity and database), structural factors (management, program, meritocracy and talent management of human resources) and behavioral factors (positive portrayal, compensation of gender inequalities and believability). As a result, it is suggested that in order to institutionalize the succession of women's sports management, networking and synergistic factors affecting the institutionalization with the focus of women's sports management should be done.

The study is to provide a pattern for Hogam development with facilitating relief and rescue services approach in Iran. Based on paradigm, it is postmodern research and from the perspective of the purpose, it is basic research. Also, qualitative research approach and grounded theory strategy is applied. In this study we used content analysis of interviews with experts in the field of sports management, crisis management and sports of Hogam. The statistical population were all of the mentioned experts and by using purposive sampling method, 16 of them were chosen to form the statistical sample of the research. The research tool was semi-structured and deep interviews that after theoretical saturation, the data extracted from the interviews and data analysis was performed using the Strauss-Corbin approach and open, axial and selective coding methods.The results of coding and classifying the main concepts and categories showed 5 main categories as causal conditions including meeting basic needs, relief needs, personal branding development, facilitation and popularity, 6 main categories including socio-cultural factors, governance factors, economic factors Global environment, technological environment and political factors of legislation as contextual conditions, 3 main categories of cultural, environmental and managerial factors were discovered and counted in the intervening conditions. The results of the second level axial coding of Hogam sport development strategies in Iran showed that 4 main categories including strategic insight development, structural development, human resources development and scientific development are counted as strategies and two main categories of interdisciplinary and extrdisciplinary as outcomes were discovered.

The study is to develop a model for improving the performance of the student sports federation based on the ERP model. It was mixed in terms of purpose and applied, in terms of data collection method. The instrument used in the qualitative part of the research was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was taken from the qualitative part. The validity and reliability of these tools were confirmed. The participants in the quality part included professors of sports management (who had at least one study in the field of performance management), directors of associations and provincial boards, and members of the Student Sports Federation. The population were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (20 interviews with 20 people) and continued to the point of theoretical saturation. In the second part (quantitative) after collecting data from qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and distributed among the sample of the quality section in full (75 people)- the statistical sample was the maximum number of samples according to Morgan table (63 people) and the sampling method was available randomly. The method of qualitative data analysis was thematic analysis and structural equation method was used in a small part. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and PLS software. Finally, 28 concept codes and 9 categories (support, goals and vision, organizational structure, training, ERP software, change management, rules and regulations and human resources) were extracted. Considering the importance of the development of student sports and ultimately the development of the country's sports, paying attention to the identified categories can be considered as guidelines for the managers of the student sports federation.

The research is to design a model for the development of championship level of figure skating in Iran. The research method was from the qualitative type of foundational data theory with the approach of Strauss and Corbin (2008), from the perspective of the descriptive-survey data collection method and the perspective of the fundamental goal. To collec the data, targeted in-depth interviews with 25 sports managers (with at least 5 years of managerial experience related to skating), coaches, and athletes (with at least 5 years of professional or semi-professional skating experience) were used. The content validity of the interview tool was confirmed by experts (4 expert researchers) and reliability were confirmed through recoding (α=0/87). Finally, after 25 interviews, th theoretical saturation was reached and the results and the data were analyzed through three stages of coding. The final model was compiled, with the two concepts of "value" and "forgetfulness" as the central phenomenon and 2 categories "organization-oriented factors" and "job-oriented factors" were introduced in the form of causal conditions. Therefore, according to the results, the factors that cause the emergence of the central category of "forgetting", and "value" are: organization-oriented factors and job-oriented factors, and in this regard, the officials, according to the intervening conditions, systemic factors, and background conditions, including the degree of dependence, government support, and exceptional leadership; There will be two types of actions and reactions under the title of strategic reactions including professionalization and gaining support and conventional reactions including unsustainable development. The result of resorting to these strategies will lead to production effectiveness or deadlock at the level of the skating championship.

Rural sports as a part of the country's sports process seeks to put all the villagers in healthy recreational and competitive situations by providing the necessary grounds and creating the right environment and opportunity, and by responding to their basic needs, programs for strengthening the body in sync with to nurture the soul. The research is to design a relational model of factors affecting the development of rural sports. The research method was developmental and the foundation data method was used to achieve the research objectives. The statistical population of the research included managers and deputies of the General Department of Sports and Youth of the province, managers and deputies of sports and youth departments of the provinces, university professors and heads of the sports committees of the province and cities. Considering the quality of the research, the statistical sample was selected using the snowball sampling technique. The data analysis was done based on foundational data theory analysis and through open, central and selective coding. In general, the findings showed the identification of causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies and consequences of the development of rural sports in Razavi Khorasan, and practical suggestions based on them were also presented.

The study ls to provide a model for the development of urban cycling during the Covid-19 Pan demy. It was qualitative, with a grounded theory approach. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The interviewees consisted of all professors of sports management and sports managers and experts. The research tool was a semi-structured interview and the results were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding. After analyzing the interviews, in relation to causal factors, 6 categories of individual causes, cultural, managerial, sustainable development, health causes and infrastructural were obtained. In the contextual factors section, 8 categories of individual factors, women's sports, economic, structural, manpower, infrastructure, managerial and supportive were obtained. In relation to the intervening factors, 5 main categories of media interventions, event interventions, organizational interventions, incentive and motivational interventions and urban and citizenship interventions were identified. In relation to strategies, 7 main categories of economic approaches, improvement of sports infrastructure, inter-organizational interactions, institutionalization of sports culture, continuous evaluation and control, development of human resources capabilities and diversity and multiplicity of events were identified. In the section on consequences, 4 main categories of promotion of physical abilities, social development, culture building and psychological consequences were obtained.In general, the findings of this study can be used as a strategy for the development of urban cycling during the Covid-19 pan demy. So, the relevant organizations such as the Ministry of Sports and Youth, Iranian Cycling Federation, Sport Organization of Municipality can use the results of this research to set their short-term and long-term plans.

The study is to investigate the effect of bureaucratic culture on the self-development behavior of the staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Hormozgan Province, taking into account the mediating role of creativity. The statistical population was 126 staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Hormozgan province. Due to the limited population, the statistical sample was considered as a total number of the population. However, the data of 111 returned questionnaires were analyzed. The main tool for data collection was a standard questionnaire. Denison's “Bureaucratic Culture Questionnaire” (1990), Liao and Wu “Organizational Creativity Questionnaire” (2013) and Peralta “Self-Development Questionnaire” (2008) were used to measure the variables. To test the hypotheses and model fit, modeling of path-structural equations with partial least squares approach was considered using SPSS software version 20 and smart PLS version 2.The findings showed Bureaucratic culture has a negative and significant effect on self-development behavior and creativity of employees, but creativity is of a positive and significant effect on self-development behavior of these employees. Managers can create a suitable and non-bureaucratic cultural atmosphere in the organization and make the rules and procedures of work flexible, give independence of action and delegate authority in a timely manner, strengthen mutual cooperation and teamwork and providing the grounds for creativity and self-development behaviors of the staff.

The research is to design an executive model for the law on privatization of sports facilities and spaces, emphasizing the implementation of Article 88 of the law, a part of the government's financial regulations in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of Iran. This research is a qualitative type and the research tool was a semi-structured interview that its validity was approved by university professors, and the reliability was obtained with the Holstein formula (0/91). The statistical population included two parts: knowledgeable human resources and related information sources. The data was completed with 15 interviews and in the snowball method and reaching theoretical saturation. In qualitative data analysis, theme analysis was used to show the relationship and dependence of themes, and tafter  coding process,   the data analysis was done by MaxQuda software. The findings showed that the effective factors were in 6 formats (management, economic, political, legal-legal, cultural-social and supervisory-functional) and its consequences were  in 4 formats (improving the process of assigning sports places and spaces, increasing sports per capita, increasing the level participation of people and the development of sports employment). Therefor, it can be said that in order to lay the groundwork and improve the implementation of the law on the privatization of sports facilities and spaces in the less developed areas of the northern provinces of the country, constructive interaction, all kinds of support from provincial managers and the environmental requirements of privatization should be provided at the national level.

The study is to design an optimal model for protecting elite athletes against harassment and abuse in Iranian sports. This qualitative study was conducted by using grounded theory methodology based on Strauss and Corbin approach. For gathering data, studying high level documents and semi-structured in-depth individual interviews with experts aware of the subject were done. The statistical population included elite athletes in adults, the heads of sports federations, the committee of National Olympic coaches and the deputy ministers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Sampling method was purposive and fourteen interviews with elites and experts were collected. For data analysis, the continuous comparison method was used in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. Base on the study results, 5 main components and 15 subcomponents and 123 open codes were extracted.The results showed that awareness, mutual rights and education were identified as the most important causal factors of the model. Media power factors, protection officer and audience classification were identified as the most important contextual factors. The intervening factors of the model also included limitations, infrastructure and managers' ignorance. Finally, strategies including policies, trust building, public relations, media and law were suggested. It seems managers can benefit from its achievements in sports organizations by implementing the model of protecting elite athletes against harassment and abuse.

The rapid development of the sports economy within the world, as an effective factor for the economic growth, has been the focus of policymakers in recent years. In order to formulate effective strategies in the sports economy, the first step is to accurately estimate the size of the sport industry in the economy. In this regard, the study is to estimate the gross domestic sport production (GDSP) for all of the Iranian provinces during the period 1389-1400, employing economic theories related to the sport economy. The results of the study show that on average the share of exercise in the country's total production was approximately 0/39 %, and this share has declined over the investigation period. On the other hand, the real GDP of Iran`s sport industries as a whole have experienced a 18 % decrease over the period. In addition, 19 % of the national sport economy has been spent only in Tehran province; 50 % of the national sport economy spent in Tehran, Isfahan, Mazandaran, Markazi, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi provinces and 50 % of the rest have been spent in 24 other provinces. In terms of share, the highest size of the sports economy compared to the province's economy was 1/84 % for South Khorasan and the lowest share in Khuzestan province with only 0/09 % of the province's economy. Considering the three main results of the study, including 1) a small share of sports in the Iran`s economy, 2) the downtrend of the sport economy in the country, and 3) inequality in distributing sports production among Iran`s provinces, emphasizes that sports policymakers need to formulate strategies in order to take advantage of the Iran`s sports economy capacities.

Sport is one of the topics whose development is influenced by economic, social and cultural development in a society, and as an economic phenomenon, in recent years, a special face and effect has been developed in the topics. The study is to thematically analyze the economic challenges of sports development in the western provinces of Iran. This research was qualitative research and a systematic exploratory study were used. The data collection was done in several ways such as interview, library study and document review. The statistical population included university professors, researchers and analysts of sports economics, managers of organizations and sports centers in the field of sports economics.  The research tool was an interview with16 people. Sampling was theoretical and judgmental based on criteria such as specialty, job category, work history, etc. Estimation of sample number continued to theoretical saturation of the extracted components of the research.The findings showed that a total of 55 economic components were identified as challenges in the development of sports by indoor environment (26) and outdoor environment (29). The frequency of components was in six perspectives of structure and economic management of sport (10), sport industry and market system (10), human and intellectual capital of sport (6), financial and economic resources of sport (12), infrastructure and physical resources of sport (4)) and employment and sports business (13). Therefore, it was concluded that the existing obstacles to the development of sports in the western provinces of the country should be removed.

The general purpose of presenting the present research was to design a model of business ethics for managers of sports organizations in Iran. This research is applied and in terms of the way of data collection, it is considered as a meta-composite documentary research. In order to identify the model of business ethics of managers of sports organizations in Iran, 122 articles were reviewed, and 32 articles were selected for the final analysis. In this research, first, 244 indicators representing business ethics of managers were identified and classified into 34 concepts and 12 categories. Shannon's entropy was used to determine the weight of indicators. Based on the findings of the research, the main dimensions of the model of business ethics of managers of sports organizations in Iran include ethics-oriented professionalism, organizational awareness and nobility, problem-oriented and realism in dealing with organizational issues, ethical view in organizational interactions, requirements Ethics-oriented management, adoption of ethical-financial behaviors, adherence to ethical-behavioral behaviors of the market, ethical orientation in organizational incomes, educational requirements based on ethics, anti-corruption spirit and establishment of justice, personality-behavioral stability, insight and leadership-type management ability. Managers and employees are faced with the challenge of ethical decision-making every day and the results of this study can express various aspects of business ethics in the relations of sports organizations.

The present study was designed and implemented to investigate the purposefulness of subsidies, an approach to the development of the sports industry (Case study: sports clubs). This study is a combined method and was a mixed exploratory research project. The statistical population of the qualitative sector includes subsidy policy makers in the country, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Ministry of Sports and Youth and professors familiar with the issue of subsidies in sports and the statistical population in the quantitative sector, all managers of Tehran sports clubs. The statistical sample of the qualitative section was 15 people and in the quantitative section, 460 people were identified. The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding in the qualitative part and the method of structural equations in the quantitative part using PLS software were used. In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that the categories were identified in the form of 11 categories and 62 concept codes, and among the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (1 category), the main category: targeted subsidies in sports (1 category Strategies (11 codes), contextual conditions (2 categories), interventionist conditions (1 category), and consequences (4 categories) were included. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main components of the research have a good fit, so the research model has a good fit.

The study is to investigate the role of horse racing tourism in the economic development of Golestan, North Khorasan, Khuzestan, Tehran and Yazd provinces. It was a descriptive-analytical research, based on the data collection. The data collection tool was interview with 260 people from the managers of the General Departments of Sport and Youth, the heads of equestrian teams, the General Departments of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, coaches, agility riders and those responsible for organizing equestrian competitions and experts of organizations and the public and private sector institutions in Golestan, North Khorasan, Khuzestan, Tehran and Yazd provinces. Due to the different groups in the statistical population, the research samples were selected using stratified-random sampling method. The research tool in the quantitative phase of the research was a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data extracted from the questionnaires, exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis were used by SPSS and AMOS softwares.The results showed the components of entrepreneurship (15/02), income generation (18/73), marketing (17/37), investment (14/58), media and advertising (12/74), people-centered (10/45), socio-cultural phenomena (10/047), festivals (16/37), human resources (6/56), indigenous model (3/12), land management plan (3/91) and attractions (11/46) are of a significant impact in the economic development of the Golestan, North Khorasan, Khuzestan, Tehran and Yazd provinces. Due to the importance of horse racing tourism, managers and planners of the province's sports tourism sector must pay attention to the development and growth of this industry.

The pace of changes in sports business is so fast that balancing today's operational challenges and planning to face the big event of the future is a serious challenge. Therefore, the research is to identify the key and strategic factors affecting the future of electronic sports businesses in Iran. It is of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and its design is of sequential exploratory type. The participants were the beneficiaries of electronic sports businesses. The sampling method was targeted sampling and based on theoretical saturation, 20 people were selected. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data and Lincoln and Gaba (1985) criteria were used for its audit, which included validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability. In order to analyze the data in the interview analysis section, the coding method was used. The fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen the indicators, and the structural analysis method was used in the future research section with the help of Micmac software. By analyzing the interviews, 156 initial concepts were gathered into 75 final concepts and 3 main categories: general environment, operational (specialized) environment and internal environment. Then, 36 effective factors were identified through fuzzy Delphi screening.  Finally, it was determined that the growth of 5G technology, the general acceptance of e-sports, the increase in demand for e-sports, the legitimacy of e-sports, and the e-sports league are the five driving forces that make possible alternatives for the future of e-sports businesses.As a result, it is necessary to consider their situation in the design of the future plans and actions of the mentioned businesses in particular, based on the fact that the nature of these factors is mixed with instability, and any action and change on it will result in reaction and change on other indicators

Brand resonance is an indicator that determines the relationship between the customer and the brand and also the number of emotions that customers establish in their minds with the brand or the degree of harmony and harmony that they feel between themselves and the brand. Therefore, the study is to identify the factors affecting the brand of the Iranian Football Premier League. The method of this research is qualitative with Glaser approach and exploratory type. The statistical population included university professors in the field of sports marketing and managers of domestic sports brands. The field of study and having scientific writings related to the brand, having managerial positions and executive experiences in the field of sports brand were among the criteria for selecting the initial list of experts. Sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with purposeful selection and with maximum variability or heterogeneity. The sample size was 14 based on the theoretical saturation index. The interview measurement tool was open and analyzed based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding.
Based on data analysis of 73 basic concepts, 13 main categories were identified. The results of this research can make the league known, attract more capital, better and better teams want to participate in the league, the presence of stronger foreign players, higher media desire, more loyal fans and finally earn higher income for the league and The Football Federation will.

Iran's Statistical Center reports that the marriage-to-divorce ratio in 2021 was 3 to 1. It mentions that most divorces occur between 1 and 5 years of marriage. The social and cultural implications of these reports and the emphasis of most existing studies on divorce risk factors necessitate an in-depth analysis of the process and factors contributing to the sustainability of cohabitation of Iranian couples concerning the Family Protection and Young Population Act. Accordingly, the paper explores life stability among Iranian couples. So, 11 Iranian couples were selected using the criteria and snowball sampling methods. Semistructured interviews were conducted based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory and systematic design. Following the sequential review and data comparison, 350 primary codes, 25 subcategories, and eight categories were extracted from causal, contextual, interventional-environmental, and strategy and outcome conditions. Among the categories, assigning agency to the eligibilities concerning marriage durability was the main category. Sustainable life is a multi-level and multi-dimensional phenomenon influenced by various pre- and post-marriage factors. Sustainable life is not an event but a trend and a process forged under the influence of psychological-personality factors, ethics, and values, joined by the individual, paired contexts, employment, and income; one that, with favorable and essential areas can assist couples to adopt effective strategies in different real-world scenarios through interactive and sociocultural factors and family conditions, and thrive individually and socially. If couples take a route through interaction, they will experience a lasting marriage life in quantity (over 20 years) and quality.

Celibacy is one of the phenomena affected by industrial and post-industrial societies.Therefore, the research is to present a management model for the prevention of celibacy through the foundation data approach.This theory is one of the qualitative methods used to interpret individual and group behaviors. The foundation data theory has different plans; however, in this research, a systematic design was used. The stages of the systematic design included interviews, open coding, central coding, selective coding and presentation of the model. In this regard, theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 18 experts from Kashan University.The findings showed the central category of management is celibacy prevention. Causal conditions included individualism, idealism, the prevalence of celibacy, fear of failure in marriage, lack of a suitable platform for communication, not requiring marriage, changing the family's perspective and society is cost and lack of preparation; Intervening conditions also had the dimensions of luxury, influence of virtual space, wrong customs, immigration, ambiguity in the criteria for choosing a spouse, extramarital relationships, background conditions including economic factors, and employment status; and the Strategies included facilitating marriage, government support, and the consequences include isolation, physical and sexual problems, an opportunity to improve personal and social status, a sense of peace and independence. Therefore, celibacy is of important positive or negative effects on the individual, social, and economic dimensions of society.

The research is to identify the upcoming scenarios of the leisure patterns of urban youth in Iran in the horizon of 1406. Today, free time is so important that it is even referred to as a mirror of the society's culture, which means that how people spend their free time in a society largely reflects the characteristics of that society's culture. In this research, the current leisure patterns of the youth of Iran were analyzed and the main trends were expressed. Then the most important scenarios for the leisure patterns were presented. The macro approach of the research was interpretative and qualitative, and the method used was scenario planning based on branch analysis, which was based on library studies and statistics from the set of quantitative and qualitative research conducted in recent years.According to the findings of the research, three critical uncertainties of adherence to family and friends group, non-secular religious beliefs and income to cost were identified and using them, eight scenarios were written, two scenarios as probable scenarios, two scenarios as desirable scenarios and a scenario is introduced as the worst scenario and finally strategies were stated to move towards the desirable scenario.The results showed that according to the existing trends, one of the two probable scenarios is the worst scenario, which shows the importance of special attention and planning and quick action regarding the subject of the research on the part of the authorities.

The research is to examine strategies to enhance the participation of youth non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in public welfare activities through a social marketing approach. This qualitative study was based on grounded theory. The study focused on youth NGOs and the data was collected through in-depth interviews with 12 experts in social marketing and officials from youth NGOs across the country. The data analysis was conducted using three overlapping coding processes: open coding, axial coding and selective coding, facilitated by Maxqda software.The results showed that causal factors such as the values and attitudes of youth, education, NGOs' concern for issues, their capabilities and expertise, organizing campaigns and festivals, utilizing celebrities, word-of-mouth advertising, and motivation determine the level of youth participation in public welfare activities. The findings also revealed that strategies for enhancing youth participation include gaining youth satisfaction, expanding the presence of NGOs, strengthening the culture of social participation, promoting social entrepreneurship, creating media campaigns, involving youth in programs (stakeholder engagement), enhancing social capital, using social media, and promoting and developing desirable participatory behaviors among youth. The outcomes included increased social sensitivity and responsibility among youth, greater youth involvement in NGOs, the flourishing of social entrepreneurship, the development of participatory behaviors in public welfare among youth, and the quantitative and qualitative growth of youth NGOs.