نشریه سیاست متعالیه
پیاپی 46 (تابستان 1403)

The right to self-determination is one of the most basic human rights in the international arena and citizenship rights. The hypothesis of the article is that "man's right to self-determination" is based on several foundations, one of the most important of which is "man's power of choice" from the perspective of the Qur'an. Based on this, the right to self-determination in Islamic thought can be understood as "the inadmissibility of imposing the will of another person on the will and choice of a person". In this definition, the will of God, who is the creator of man, is not ignored; He can draw the law of determining human destiny in a certain and specific way by forging it, without forcing him to choose this path and move on this path. God's will is based on the fact that man is always a self-governing being and his own will determines his destiny, no one is allowed to impose their will on people.The most important source of proof of this claim is the verses of the Holy Quran as the most reliable source of knowledge of Islamic thought. it is very important to refer to the important interpretations of Islamic scholars.

Civilization is a central intellectual system that grows among nations as a historical process and shapes society. If the basis and central thought is Islam, it will lead to a monotheistic civilization. Muslim thinkers have studied the formation process of Islamic civilization. The authors of two interpretations of al-Manar and al-Mizan consider Islam to be an expert on social issues and, considering whether the need for community is optional or natural, they affirm the necessity of religion to maintain social unity. Al-Manar's view of Islam is to order and maintain the social structure and individual education, Al-Mizan also believes in the ability to create a government and develop a civilization that is inherently different from other civilizations. Considering that the preservation of society is the background for the creation of civilization, the commentators, for example, evaluate Islam as efficient in the two categories of guaranteeing the implementation of laws and the ability to resolve social differences and the foundation of freedom of expression.

The social reading of monotheism has various functions, some of which can be traced in the influence of additional philosophies. Considering the new political equations at the international level and the vacuum of Quran-based theoretical foundations in the socio-political spheres, as well as the fact that the realization of Islamic civilization is among the final goals of the Islamic Revolution, the purpose of this article is to show some of the most important effects of social monotheism in philosophy. The policy of Islam is that it will not be achieved with the presupposition of religious monotheism. This study, based on library sources, focused on the monotheistic verses and relied on the social understanding of these verses and discovered their political implications with an emphasis on the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei. Social monotheism is the source of the legitimacy of the Islamic government, and based on this, the other side of monopolizing the right of political legislation to God is the fight against the new polytheism in the contemporary world. Also, trying to build an ideal monotheistic society, providing social spirituality and bringing the society to happiness and perfection are the most important goals of forming a divine government.

Regarding the need to increase the population, Ayatollah Khamenei refers to verse 60 of Surah Anfal, where God says: "And I am capable of power." The religious reference of his thought and the analysis of the mentioned verse are essential. Therefore, this research is looking for the religious documentation of the thought of the leader of the revolution, according to the mentioned verse, the effect of the plurality of the population on the authority of the system. By examining religious evidences and texts, numerous proofs of verses and narrations have been found on this matter. Also, with different methods, one of the most important examples of the word "power" in the above verse can be considered as human power and the plurality of generations, and based on the findings of the research, human power can be a factor in three aspects: thematic, instrumental and final. The authority of the Islamic system should be considered in such a way that the active and young population in the Islamic system is considered as a decisive privilege and opportunity in the equations of power. This research collects data with a library method and answers its question with a descriptive-analytical method

This paper examines how historical narratives construct. The problematic is which element causes a different, and sometimes opposite, understanding of historical events. It seems the answer is available by focusing on the concept/theory of Narrative in Hayden White and Paul Ricoeur's thoughts. In the narrative, history is considered as a memory cultivated, in the interest of producing a collective past based on collective identity. Thus, memory has to do more emotions than with facts. Regarding this theoretical framework, we examine Mirza-ye Naeini's narrative of his historical condition that conceptualized it as the concept of political despotism (Saltanat-e Tamlikiye), and also, the different narratives of the period of Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar that entitled it as the period of Iranian political stability. In the end, while referring to the narrative-critical re-reading of the texts of some historians from Iran under the Qajar period and the Constitutional revolution, we discuss the narrative nature of this historiography, in which some historical events are considered unimportant and are eventually excluded, while others are considered important.

Role of governance and political ideas in determining the policy of the principles of criminal law, criminalization and punishment is inevitable. Because its decisive role in the emergence of new criminal laws and institutions is evident. Therefore, with the change of governments, political ideas or strategies leading them have a tangible impact on criminal law. In fact, political ideas as a tool with the networking of the main platforms of governance have increasingly emerged in the space of criminal law. The type of worldview of various political schools causes fluid political ideas to be included from criminalization to types of punishments. Therefore, the political ideas governing the society, which are derived from the two components of freedom and power, rule over criminal law. This article, in a descriptive-analytical way, comes to the conclusion that political ideas are based on the construction of limits and gaps of two components, namely freedom and power, and criminal law seeks to limit and support these two components, and the desired governance. It imagines. Therefore, modern criminal law, with the positive influence of political ideas, tries to use the superiority of these ideas for the benefit of criminal-legal structures.

Local councils play an important role in promoting national governance as a center of gravity connecting people and governments. Thus, their jurisdiction seems to be most contested topics on local governance. The question is how principles of local governance resonates local governance jurisdiction in Iran and France. Drawing descriptive-analytical method and comparatively, the paper argues that local governance in Iran has had some achievements in promoting religious democracy as an evolving experience. It concludes that any effort to amend acts on local councils should pursue a balanced approach regarding principles of local governance in promoting local governance jurisdiction. The question is how principles of local governance resonates local governance jurisdiction in Iran and France. Drawing descriptive-analytical method and comparatively, the paper argues that local governance in Iran has had some achievements in promoting religious democracy as an evolving experience. It concludes that any effort to amend acts on local councils should pursue a balanced approach regarding principles of local governance in promoting local governance jurisdiction.

  Democracy is a form of governance whose claim is to recognize the people's rule over their destiny through the election of public officials by the people; however, democracy has developed conceptually from ancient Greece to modern times, and its requirements, inclusion and even its theoretical foundations have undergone transformation. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic system, Islamic democracy was also proposed as a new model and a novel interpretation of the compatibility of religion and democracy. Examining the normative conditions of democracy shows that the three elements of political participation and public choice, limitation and alternation of power and freedom can be considered as the most fundamental conditions of democracy. In this article, while examining this issue, the most basic prerequisite of democracy, i.e. political participation and public election, was briefly evaluated in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the result was that political participation as the heart of democracy was drawn in the text of the Constitution and it can be realized in practice with democratic reading.

This article emphasizes that although the nationalists were removed from political activities, they mixed with religious forces in the process of the revolution and their thinking matured and became clear among the religious reformers. Nationalists and reformists are aware of the influence of the media in relation to political power and are influencing public opinion, and the majority of their audiences are neutral people. This article examines the research components by content analysis and thematically, and the results indicate that the national and religious audiences are divided into five groups, and in terms of national security, most of the neutral forces are the target of the media power of this group, and in The second rank is the insider audience. They pay the least attention to domestic and foreign competitors. They use the power of media more to convey their way of thinking. The most important component they consider in the field of political power is the components of diplomacy (public and international) and they are considered ideological based on their religious and national attitudes. Their religious attitude is limited to the geography of Iran

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between "cultural capital" and "sense of social security" and whether concepts such as age, education, type of occupation, ethnicity and place of residence can be effective modifiers of cultural capital and social security. In order to investigate this relationship, a research method was used by survey method. A researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the sample group consisting of 400 male-headed households who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and collected after completion. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and regression analysis in the form of software capabilities (Pls, SPSS). The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between cultural capital as an independent variable and social security sense as a dependent variable (β = 428. and T = 8.02. Cultural capital components have a significant correlation (β = 0.307.0 / 249, respectively). 0.144 and statistical t showed more than 1.96 with a sense of social security, among the moderating variables, only the level of education and type of job affected the relationship between cultural capital and the sense of social security, age, ethnicity and place of residence had no significant effect on this relationship

The prominence of environmental issues has led governments to a direction where they cannot make decisions without considering environmental requirements and goals; Therefore, in a good governance, the direction of legal requirements and international cooperation and social leadership is to preserve the environment, prevent and reduce its possible damages; This research was conducted with the aim of reviewing international treaties and domestic environmental laws and sought to provide solutions to improve and increase the efficiency of these laws in protecting the environment. In order to achieve this goal, the article has been done with a descriptive-analytical method using library sources and research articles.Examining the process of drafting and approving environmental laws in Iran before and after the Islamic Revolution, in addition to dealing with the main international measures in approving international treaties and conventions to protect the environment, as well as the extent of the participation of the Islamic Republic in these international environmental agreements and Also, the structure of the institutions in charge of the environment in the country led to the conclusion that the environmental laws in the Islamic Republic system were not preventive and sufficient in maintaining this important category.

Iran's nuclear program is one of the most strategic issues of the country's national security in the last three decades, which has found a pivotal position in the country's foreign policy. In this research, Iran's nuclear policy has been examined and analyzed in the framework of constructivist theory and its central category, "identity". In this regard, within the framework of the theory of constructivism, Iran's nuclear policy since the formation of the nuclear file until the nuclear agreement, looking at the cultural-identity outputs of Iranians and the international cultural-normative environment and the view and approach of the West (America and Europe) to Iran's nuclear program has been examined and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. In this regard, the factors of the initiation and follow-up of Iran's nuclear program and the West's view and approach to this program were investigated in the field. The findings of the research show that "identity" has played a role as a fundamental actor in the nuclear policy of different governments of the Republic of Iran, and the category of "identification" of nuclear identity has had a higher impact instead of the two classic systemic categories of defense-security and economic.

Iran’s modernization and development over the past two decades have experienced various fluctuations, including periods of rapid growth and intervals of stagnation. With the proliferation of development ideas, the necessity for planning became evident, leading to the establishment of the country’s Planning and Budget Organization. In the decades preceding 1327 (Iranian calendar), only minimal measures were undertaken to create a systematic approach to economic planning; however, following the formation of the Planning and Budget Organization and the regulation of its activities, a comprehensive planning system emerged. In this context, the present study seeks to answer the question: “What has been the orientation of development programs in contemporary Iran in light of development trends in the international system?” The research method is descriptive-analytical, employing conceptual frameworks of development from the modernist school. In addressing the main question, the following hypothesis is posited: “Modernization and development in Iran have been predominantly oriented toward economic aspects from the outset—a trend that persisted from the Pahlavi era until the years following the Islamic Revolution. Only in the Fifth Plan during the Pahlavi period and from the Third Plan after the Islamic Revolution have non-economic indicators been incorporated into development programs.” After the Islamic Revolution, in view of domestic needs and international obligations, economic and social programs have become interwoven with political development, conflict resolution, and engagement with the international system, thereby placing comprehensive development high on the governmental agenda.

The existing mechanisms of the United Nations, as the most significant executor of humanitarian assistance at the international level, rapidly expanded in the post-Cold War era. Numerous resolutions were adopted by the Security Council, the General Assembly, and the Economic and Social Council concerning humanitarian assistance, leading to the establishment of specialized institutions such as the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Norms related to humanitarian law within the UN system are continually evolving. This study aims, first, to explain the evolution of the UN’s humanitarian assistance system and, second, to review the operational aspects of the current system, particularly in decision-making processes. Additionally, the study elucidates the privileges and immunities of the United Nations and its specialized agencies while examining laws related to the safety and protection of humanitarian personnel. The central research question explores how understanding the evolution of humanitarian assistance can contribute to achieving the concept of relief in crisis-stricken environments. By delineating the general patterns within the current UN humanitarian system, the study outlines the legal framework governing humanitarian assistance and evaluates the effectiveness of these mechanisms in fulfilling their intended objectives. Understanding these frameworks can enhance the interaction between states and the United Nations and its related commissions on humanitarian relief, ensuring the equitable distribution of aid opportunities in conflict-affected and war-torn regions. The UN humanitarian system is undergoing continuous simplification and integration, particularly through the establishment of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, which seeks to become the central hub for UN relief efforts. Legal mechanisms governing humanitarian activities, from privileges and immunities to specialized safety and security agreements, are constantly evolving and may contribute to improving humanitarian efforts. Nevertheless, it appears necessary for the General Assembly and the Secretary-General to intensify their efforts—amid persistent state pressures—to adopt essential and coordinated conventions, ensuring the protection and support of humanitarian workers in both armed conflicts and natural disaster scenarios.