Journal of Advanced Environmental Research and Technology
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Fall 2023

Today, carbon dioxide emission is one of the concerns of all countries in the world, so in this paper, we examine the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on CO2 emissions per capita during the period of 1990 to 2014 in emerging economies. For this purpose, first, energy efficiency is calculated using mathematical programming methods (DEA). Then, the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the panel of emerging economies is investigated using panel quantile regression. The energy efficiency results show that the average energy efficiency of the studied countries had been increasing from 1990 to 2014. The lowest efficiency score among the studied countries is related to China. The results of quantile regression indicate that the export quality and consumption per capita of fossil fuels have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions per capita in all quantiles. The results also show that the coefficient increases by moving in the level of quantiles, so that, the highest effect coefficient of export quality on CO2 emission is related to the quantile 90th and about 0.874. Energy efficiency has a negative and significant effect in all quantiles except 90th, and the highest coefficient of influence (0.133) is related to quantile 10th. The increase in economic complexity increases the co2 emissions in all quantiles except 10th, and the highest coefficient (about 0.487) is related to quantile 90th.

Since in recent decades the world population increased, it causes to ascend the municipal solid waste (MSW) production. Therefore, to manage this and control its damages that affect the environment, some applied techniques are needed. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the techniques used in this research for selecting and arranging one or more scenario. The presented scenarios were composting, incineration, landfilling and recycling which were chosen by considering their implementation in the case study site.  Each scenario was analyzed in terms of ten environmental indicators that include abiotic depletion potential, ozone layer depletion potential, global warming potential, human toxicity potential, fresh water toxicity potential, marine toxicity potential, terrestrial toxicity potential, acidification, photochemical oxidation and eutrophication. The employed software for this analysis was Simapro. Results indicated that the landfilling scenario had the highest pollution ratio in eight environmental indicators and after that, the incineration scenario was the most polluting in two ozone layer depletion potential and global warming potential indicators. Recycling was the best scenario in point of lowest effects on global warming potential and human toxicity potential indicators. Composting was the scenario that had the lowest footprint on seven environmental indicators in comparison to other scenarios. In addition, this scenario showed the lowest environmental pollution burden in ozone layer depletion potential among all indicators. In general, according to the findings of this study, composting scenario is recognized as an appropriate method for municipal solid waste management in Urmia metropolis of Iran.

Aggregation and concentration of industries and the production of more complex products due to economies of scale can cause technology spillover. The development of industrial and complex processes requires energy, and the use of energy causes carbon emissions. Now this question arises, what are the effects of technology and industrial agglomeration on the environment The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions in a panel of emerging economies during the period 1990–2022. For this purpose, first, the industrial agglomeration was calculated based on the location entropy index, and then, in the new panel approach, the method of moment quantile regression (MMQREG) was used to investigate the effects of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The results showed that increasing the economic complexity index has different effects on carbon emissions. The results of parameter estimation showed that industrial agglomeration increases carbon emissions in high quantiles. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase carbon emissions in all quantiles, and urbanization helps to preserve the environment. The results of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's panel causality test show a two-way relationship between industrial agglomeration and carbon emissions and a one-way relationship between economic complexity and carbon emissions.

Detergents are a part of human life and are consumed for different purposes, particularly hygiene. In recent years, the detergent industry has experienced significant changes as a result of environmental concerns, the availability, and cost of raw resources and energy, consumer preferences, demographic and sociological trends, as well as global economic and political factors. Several review papers have been published on detergents, but no bibliometric research has been conducted in this field. This study aims to assess the trend of detergent research and show the related hotspots by conducting a bibliometric analysis based on 37650 published articles from Scopus from 2000 to 2022. Numerous significant aspects of these articles, such as subject categories, journals, authors, countries, and keywords, were examined systematically. According to the findings, the number of detergent-related papers has increased significantly over the past two decades. The United States was the leading country in terms of both quality and quantity, followed by China and Brazil. In addition, Detmann, E. from Sweden was the most productive author. Keyword analysis suggests that current research has focused on the development of effective cleaning products that are safe for humans and the environment.

The quality of stable environments is crucial for maintaining the health of horses, minimizing air pollution, and potentially utilizing waste for fuel production. This study investigates the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of dry horse bedding across twenty-four horse-riding clubs in Tehran. The objectives are to gather information on current stable practices and assess the suitability of used bedding for reuse or energy generation. Results revealed that the moisture content of the bedding ranged from 39.63% to 76.92%, leading to high drying costs. Ash content varied between 7.73% and 17.20%, while nitrogen content ranged from 0.78% to 1.77%. Hydrogen content was measured between 7.06% and 9.04%, with carbon content ranging from 14.74% to 24.46%. The particle size distribution showed that 70% to 94% of particles were smaller than 3.15 mm, with 0.5% to 1.5% below 0.075 mm, indicating potential health concerns. The average gross calorific value was 19.0372 MJ/kg. While the pellet samples did not meet specifications for non-industrial use, used horse bedding pellets exhibited greater suitability for industrial applications.

Today, financial development is one of the main drivers of economic growth and development. Since developing countries are focused on the rapid expansion of economic growth, they have taken steps toward the development of financial markets. However, the consequences of financial development on environmental quality are not clear. In addition, since the emission of carbon dioxide caused by production is significantly different from the emission of carbon dioxide caused by consumption in some countries (such as China). Therefore, this article examines the impact of financial development on the consumption-based CO₂ emissions for a panel of 17 developing countries during the period of 1990-2019 with a Panel- Quantile approach. Empirical findings show that the effect of financial development on consumption-based CO₂ emissions is positive and significant in all quantiles. In addition, this study considers gross domestic product, rental rates of natural resources, trade openness, and globalization as control variables. The results of this study provide new evidence for policymakers to maintain environmental quality by focusing on the link between financial development and consumption-based CO₂ emissions.