نشبریه آمایش فضا و ژئوماتیک
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 126، زمستان 1403)

Navigating urban environments, regardless of the mode of transport employed, incurs a variety of both tangible and intangible expenditures. Consequently, any fluctuations in these expenditures are promptly reflected in the behavioral patterns of travelers. A particularly salient variable that is readily quantifiable and whose impact is swiftly observable in the responses of commuters is the alteration in fare structures. Typically, when there are modifications in fare rates or fuel costs, residents tend to make decisions that minimize their financial outlay. Should urban planners possess comprehensive insights into the potential decisions made by residents, they are better equipped to implement requisite strategic planning. To this end, the present research was conducted through a descriptive and analytical framework. The objective was to ascertain the extent to which variations in fares and associated costs influence passenger behavior and to evaluate the corresponding responses of the public transportation system to such behaviors. The requisite data was acquired from the Mashhad Municipality Transportation Organization and subsequently subjected to analysis utilizing the comprehensive vector auto regression methodology. The outcomes of the study indicated that the elimination or reduction of fare significantly alters the utilization patterns of public transportation. It is pertinent to note that, amidst these alterations, various modes of transport do not accommodate identical passenger loads. Furthermore, should fare adjustments occur concurrently with external shocks, such as fluctuations in gasoline prices or alterations in parking fees, there will be a marked increase in passenger density within public transportation systems. In this context, each transportation system (e.g., bus, subway, etc.) is likely to garner a distinct proportion of passengers. Consequently, it is imperative that policies are instituted in such a manner that they effectively address the needs of citizens while simultaneously preventing any disruption to the urban transportation infrastructure.

This research endeavors to delineate and scrutinize the principal determinants that affect tourist satisfaction with eco-lodges situated in Zanjan Province, as well as to investigate the spatial correlations pertinent to these determinants utilizing online data. In order to fulfill this objective, data were procured from the Jabama platform via automated web mining techniques (n=59), which were subsequently subjected to both statistical and spatial analyses. The findings derived from stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the most salient predictors of tourist satisfaction encompassed location (β = 0.372, p < 0.01), price value (β = 0.343, p < 0.01), and information accuracy (β = 0.292, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation analysis conducted through the Local Moran’s I index revealed the existence of statistically significant clusters of tourist satisfaction, particularly in proximity to prominent attractions such as the Soltaniyeh Dome, where levels of satisfaction were notably elevated. The empirical results indicate that these three variables in unison account for 69% of the variability in tourist satisfaction. The implications of this study can guide eco-lodge administrators and tourism policymakers in refining service strategies and pricing frameworks, thereby elevating visitor satisfaction and fostering the sustainable advancement of nature-based tourism in Zanjan Province.

The current investigation was undertaken to clarify the elements constituting institutional capacity in the context of integrated urban development within the city of Shahrekord. This research is classified as applied with respect to its objectives and descriptive-analytical concerning its nature and methodology. The statistical population for this study comprised 37 university scholars, subject-matter experts, and managerial personnel from institutional organizations who possessed the requisite knowledge and experience pertinent to the study's aims and parameters. These specialists were chosen utilizing purposive and chain sampling techniques. For the purpose of data analysis, the structural analysis methodology was employed utilizing the MicMac software framework. In the initial phase, through the processes of documentary analysis and library research, followed by the incorporation of expert opinions, five components were discerned, specifically "institutional integrity, institutional capability, institutional learning, legal arrangements, and institutional knowledge and innovation," in addition to 51 underlying components. In the subsequent phase, the findings derived from the analyses undertaken to assess the stability or instability of the system suggested that the dispersion pattern of institutional capacity variables within the urban development framework of Shahrekord signifies an "unstable state" of the system, wherein the variables predominantly exhibited an intermediate condition of influence and being influenced. Furthermore, the contribution of variables impacting institutional capacity in the integrated urban development of Shahr-e Kord was systematically ranked according to both direct and indirect effects. Based on the evaluations of specialists, from the 51 variables analyzed, 18 variables were identified and deemed pivotal in influencing institutional capacity within the context of urban development in Shahr-e Kord, as determined by the aggregate scores acquired.

This investigation was carried out with the objective of elucidating the principal factors influencing the evolution of the tourism sector, with the intention of offering strategic planning solutions that facilitate the sustainable advancement of this industry. This research was executed utilizing an exploratory futures studies methodology, employing a synergistic approach that incorporates Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) alongside MICMAC software to systematically assess the determinants of tourism development and ascertain the hierarchical interrelationships amongst them within the context of Ardakan city. A total of ten primary and independent drivers were discerned, characterized by their direct and indirect impacts, through a rigorous screening process based on their effectiveness and susceptibility. The findings reveal that the ten pivotal and independent drivers include: the absence of integrated management and a unique stewardship of natural and cultural tourism resources; the deficiency of long-term planning and a sustainable developmental perspective; a lack of tourism-oriented politicians occupying high-level decision-making positions; the unfamiliarity of certain managers, decision-makers, and contractors with the socio-economic and ecological characteristics of the region; inadequate planning within the tourism sector; public apathy and a lack of communal cooperation in safeguarding the natural environment; the exclusion of academic expertise in the decision-making processes and oversight of executive initiatives; insufficient public participation in decisions that pertain to their lives and livelihoods; the failure to allocate approved funding or the misallocation of financial resources at inappropriate times as well as the improper utilization of allocated budgets; and a lack of needs assessment and prioritization of management actions grounded in direct public opinion. These findings may serve as a strategic framework for tourism planners and administrators in order to devise suitable platforms and deliver specialized education aimed at surmounting existing challenges and attaining sustainable and holistic tourism development within the region.

Environmental justice refers to the quest for equitable treatment and protection, predicated on legal frameworks, within all environmental contexts, devoid of discrimination predicated on race, ethnicity, or the socio-economic status of individuals. Within the urban planning framework, discerning the elements that contribute to the realization of environmental justice is of paramount significance; consequently, the present investigation was undertaken with the objective of examining the influence of exemplary urban governance indicators on the status of environmental justice in Mashhad. The methodological approach employed in this research is descriptive, analytical, and reliant upon documentary and bibliographic inquiries. In the empirical segment, a questionnaire comprising 37 items distributed across eight indicators was meticulously crafted, and following the validation of its reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0. 95), it was disseminated among a statistically representative sample of 384 residents from the thirteen districts of Mashhad. The analysis of the data was conducted utilizing statistical tests in SPSS software alongside spatial analysis through GIS methodologies. The research outcomes indicate that the parameters indicative of effective urban governance, encompassing participation, legality, accountability, and transparency, fall short of the benchmark level (mean of 3) among the majority of districts within Mashhad, thereby adversely affecting the principles of environmental justice. Merely seven and eleven districts exhibited commendable performance across select indicators. The prospective trajectory implies that urban management can foster environmental justice by prioritizing the augmentation of public participation and the enhancement of transparency.

The significance and function of shaded areas in the existence and advancement of urban environments in arid regions are profoundly substantial. The physical and ecological ramifications of such spaces within the urban framework and their interplay with the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of urban populations are irrefutable. The summer months in Ahvaz generally exert considerable influences on the quality of life and living standards of residents in this urban center, particularly concerning the timing of their onset and duration. Consequently, this research endeavors to explore the impact of shaded areas on the quality of life of inhabitants in the Ahvaz metropolitan area. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire has been developed, and a survey of Ahwazi residents will be conducted, aiming to scrutinize and evaluate the correlation between shaded spaces and the quality of life of inhabitants through four indicators: urban comfort, adverse comparison, the role of urban governance, and civic responsibility. The findings of the research indicate that the urban center of Ahvaz encounters two principal obstacles in the enhancement of shaded environments. The initial obstacle pertains to the administration of shaded environments by the urban governance framework, while the subsequent obstacle arises from the deteriorated electricity distribution infrastructure and the aerial cable network that is inappropriately extended throughout the urban center of Ahvaz. These two obstacles, by directly influencing the quantity and proliferation of shaded environments, have the potential to significantly impact the quality of life for the residents of Ahvaz.