Journal of A Review of Theorizing of Behavioral Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2024

In the era of modern communication technologies, the use of the internet and social media networks has become an integral part of individuals' daily lives. Instagram is a popular social network based on sharing images and videos, which has now transformed into a space for identity expression, marketing, and social connections. It significantly influences the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions of its users. With 2 billion active monthly users in 2024, Instagram ranks as the third most popular social network globally, following Facebook and YouTube. Among age groups, young people, particularly those between the ages of 18–24 and 25–34 years, with 31.7% and 30.6%, respectively (accounting for about 62% of total users), form the largest user demographics of this platform.The primary aim of this study is to examine the effects of Instagram usage on mental health components. Recent research indicates that Instagram’s impact on mental health is dual-faceted. Therefore, this paper explores both the positive and negative aspects of its influence. Negative impacts include social comparison, social media addiction, anxiety, and depression, while positive effects encompass feelings of belonging, emotional support, and the enhancement of social connections. This article, using a documentary study and literature review, presents findings from previous studies and provides recommendations for optimal use of Instagram and mitigating its negative effects.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of knowledge concealment on educational innovation of elementary school principals: the role of knowledge flow as a moderating variable using a descriptive-correlational structural equation modeling method. The target population in this study consisted of 152 elementary school principals in Ardabil, of whom 109 were selected using a simple random sampling method using the Cochran formula. To collect information, the overt and covert concealment questionnaire (Conley et al., 2012); the standard innovation quality questionnaire of Wang and Wang (2012), the standard knowledge flow questionnaire using the Hemmati questionnaire (2010) were used. The structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The test results indicated that overt and covert knowledge concealment has a negative and direct effect on the innovation quality of school principals. The results also showed that knowledge flow has a positive moderating role in the impact of "explicit and tacit knowledge concealment" on "the quality of innovation of school principals". This means that; at high levels of knowledge flow, the intensity of the impact of explicit and tacit knowledge concealment on the quality of innovation of school principals is stronger and vice versa. Accordingly, it can be concluded that educational innovation is not simply a product of the individual skills of principals, but a function of the quality of knowledge flow in the school. Therefore, policymakers and education managers should reduce the incentive to conceal knowledge by creating platforms for effective knowledge circulation, including the formation of learning communities, knowledge networks, and a culture of organizational trust, and provide the basis for the development of schools' innovative capacities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Military Besat Hospital’s health workers. The research is semi-experimental, it also include a pre-test/post-test design and a control group. The study population include the health workers of Besat Hospital in Tehran in November 2021. The sample consisted of 240 workers, who were selected through convenience sampling, which were sorted into two experimental and control groups of 120 people. After the pre-test, the experimental group went through two 4-hour online motivational interviewing sessions. Then, the post-test was taken. The research tool was the self-administrated scale for the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy with a content validity of 0.87 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. The data were analyzed in the descriptive part by extracting the mean and standard deviation and in the inferential part by  analyzing the covariance with SPSS ver. 21. Motivational interviewing significantly increases the tendency to vaccinate, which was significant at the P=0.037 level. The covariance analysis test showed that the mean scores of the health belief model factors include susceptibility (P<0.03), severity (P<0.01), perceived benefits (P<0.04), and perceived barriers (P<0.05), self-efficacy (P<0.02) and cues to action (P<0.04). After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference in the experimental group compared to the control group. Motivational interviewing can be used to increase the tendency to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. It is recommended to teach motivational interviewing in health centers to personnel involved in vaccination services.

This study aimed to explain the model of green entrepreneurship orientation based on green transformational leadership with the mediating role of environmental attitudes. The research method was a descriptive correlational research using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the study included 1252 employees of the Kermanshah Education Headquarters, of whom 300 were selected as samples using the convenience sampling method. The Chen and Chang Green Transformational Leadership Questionnaire (2013), Thompson and Burton Environmental Attitudes (1994), and Cowin and Miller Green Entrepreneurship Orientation (2014) questionnaire were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SMART PLS software. The results of data analysis showed that green transformational leadership has a direct effect on the tendency to green entrepreneurship, green transformational leadership has a direct effect on environmental attitudes, environmental attitudes have a direct effect on the tendency to green entrepreneurship, and the indirect effect of green transformational leadership has an indirect effect on the tendency to green entrepreneurship, and the mediating role of environmental attitudes is confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that green transformational leadership and environmental attitudes are effective factors on the tendency to green entrepreneurship. Therefore, it can be said that green transformational leadership and environmental attitudes are effective factors on the tendency to green entrepreneurship.

Following recent developments and the exceptional circumstances that led to widespread school closures, many countries shifted their educational systems from traditional in-person classrooms to virtual learning environments. This transition not only transformed the educational process but also significantly altered family lifestyles, as parents and other family members assumed new roles and responsibilities in supporting students’ learning. The present study aims to examine the role and extent of parental involvement in their children's virtual education, as well as to identify the challenges parents faced during school closures. This research is a systematic review that analyzes scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2021, using credible academic sources.Findings indicate that the success of virtual education is largely dependent on the degree of parental engagement and management in facilitating children’s interaction with educational content, teachers, and peers. The role of parents encompasses a wide range of dimensions, including organizing and managing the learning process, providing guidance and instruction, motivating learners, supplying necessary resources, monitoring learning activities and schedules, identifying learning difficulties, and actively accompanying the child through the educational journey.However, parents encountered several challenges, such as difficulties in balancing personal and educational responsibilities, decreased student motivation, disruptions to family routines, and issues related to technology and organizing appropriate learning environments. Finally, based on the literature review, the study emphasizes the critical role of schools and teachers in mitigating the barriers and challenges experienced by parents in the context of virtual education.

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling the relationship between social responsibility and organizational socialization with the mediating role of psychological well-being. The research method is descriptive and correlational, using structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all employees of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, who were selected as a statistical sample for the study using a stratified random sampling method proportional to the size of each class of 150 people (70 faculty members and 80 administrative staff). To collect research data, three standard social responsibility questionnaires based on the Carroll model (1991), the Riff psychological well-being questionnaire (1980), and the organizational socialization questionnaire based on the Taormina model (1997) were used. Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the main research variables. After that, it was determined that there are positive and significant relationships between all three variables of social responsibility, psychological well-being, and organizational socialization. In the following, structural equation modeling was used to examine the main hypothesis of the research and to answer other research hypotheses. In order to examine the generalizability of the structural model of the research, the significance model of the research (t-model) is also presented in Figure 3. Based on the results obtained, the t-value for the effect of social responsibility on sociability was (3.11), the t-value for the effect of social responsibility on psychological well-being was (6.23), and the t-value for the effect of psychological well-being on organizational sociability was (5.04). Therefore, since all the values ​​and other significant values ​​in the model are above 1.96, it can be said that the final research model can be generalized to the statistical population.