مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال سی و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 114، تابستان 1404)

Human resources are the most important assets of organizations, and employees’ general health plays a decisive role in productivity. This study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and general health among employees of the Legal Medicine Organization and investigated the moderating role of personality type in this relationship.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 314 employees of the Legal Medicine Organization of Iran. Data collection tools included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Job Descriptive Index (JDI), and the short form of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).

The findings showed that employees’ general health was at a favorable level (12.8±3.1). Satisfaction with the nature of work (P<0.001, t=5.620), supervision (P<0.001, t=4.248), coworkers (P=0.025, t=2.246), and overall job satisfaction (P<0.001, t=3.542) had significant effects on general health. Personality type also moderated the relationship between job satisfaction and general health (P=0.015, t=2.434). In addition, job satisfaction significantly affected different dimensions of general health, including social dysfunction (P<0.001, t=6.338), anxiety (P<0.001, t=9.815), depression (P<0.001, t=11.073), and somatic symptoms (P<0.001, t=7.614).

 Increasing job satisfaction can play an important role in improving employees’ general health. Moreover, personality type, as a moderating factor, can strengthen the positive effects of job satisfaction on mental health. Characteristics such as conscientiousness and adaptability are among the most important personality factors in this context. The findings emphasize the necessity of considering personality factors in human resource management policies and in designing job improvement programs aimed at enhancing employees’ general health.

Many university students face mental health disorders such as depression and stress. These disorders can lead to serious consequences, including suicidal ideation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of regular physical activity on suicidal ideation among female dormitory students.

This applied study was conducted using a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of female students residing in dormitories at universities in Tehran. A total of 42 participants were selected based on inclusion criteria and matched into two groups: experimental and control (21 in each). Participants completed the Beck questionnaire for Suicidal Ideation before and after the intervention. The experimental group participated in physical activity program twice a week for eight weeks, while the control group did not engage in any regular physical activity. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests in SPSS version 20.

Findings showed that regular physical activity led to a significant reduction in suicidal ideation in the experimental group, whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (P=0.001).

Considering the challenges faced by students, especially those living in dormitories, it is recommended that students and university administrators adopt regular physical activity as an effective strategy for promoting physical and mental health and preventing suicidal ideation.

Trauma is one of the causes of disability and death, and traffic accidents are at the top of its causes. In order to save the lives of patients, it is recommended to use a valid scoring system to assess the severity of the injury and determine the prognosis of the patients. GAP scoring system includes significance level, age and SBP. These variables can be evaluated by the pre-hospital treatment staff and the prognosis of the patient can be checked in terms of mortality, morbidity and the need for surgery. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the GAP scoring system in predicting the 24-hour mortality of traffic victims in Isfahan city, Iran.

The present study was descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional, which was conducted in 1403. The number of examined samples was equal to 1266 patients who were included in the study by census during 10 months. The information was collected by a checklist and by the researcher using the medical records of the patients and was analyzed by SPSS version 22 software.

According to GAP grouping, the number of 810 people (63.98%) was low, 335 people (26.46%) were average, and 121 people (9.56%) were high. 187 of the study subjects (14.7%) experienced death. 187 people (14.7%) died. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values ​​of GAP were 82.54, 85.9, 73.73 and 76.81, respectively. Finally, the ROC diagram showed that the GAP criterion predicted the outcome (mortality and survival) of the patient.

Considering that trauma is one of the most sensitive conditions depending on time, therefore management, evaluation, resuscitation and definitive care of the patient are very important. By using scoring systems such as the GAP scoring system, it is possible to make an appropriate decision about the 24-hour mortality of patients.

Unwanted pregnancy remains a significant challenge for women. Despite advances in contraceptive methods, no method is completely reliable. In such situations, abortion may be considered a possible option, yet it carries substantial physical and psychological risks, which may be further intensified when performed illegally. This study aimed to compare the psychological consequences of abortion under legal versus illegal circumstances.

This study employed a descriptive, causal-comparative design. The study population included all women seeking abortion who were referred to the Forensic Medicine Department of Khorasan Razavi Province between October and June 2022. A total of 70 participants were selected using a convenience sampling

35 women who had undergone legally approved abortions and 35 who had abortions without legal permission. Participants completed the Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ), the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Results from the multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the two groups in sexual dysfunction (F=34.98, P=0.001), grief (F=58.69, P=0.001), and post-traumatic stress disorder (F=67.84, P=0.001).

The findings indicate that the psychological impact of abortion is less severe when responsibility for the decision is shared between the mother and her in-laws. These results highlight the importance of providing both psychological and legal support for women facing unplanned pregnancies and abortion.

Healthcare providers' awareness of relevant legislation and their ethical stance are critical in managing sensitive issues like abortion. This knowledge can help reduce the incidence of illegal procedures and improve maternal health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness levels and ethical attitudes concerning abortion laws among medical interns at Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023. Following approval from faculty members and obtaining participant consent, data were collected using a questionnaire comprising three sections: demographic information, clinical and legal knowledge questions, and ethical attitude statements.

The study included 208 medical interns, consisting of 102 (49%) men and 106 (51%) women. The mean awareness score regarding abortion laws was (5.82±1.68). The mean attitude score was (2.36±0.5). A significantly more positive attitude was observed among female participants compared to males (P<0.001). Positive attitudes were inversely correlated with age (P=0.008) and positively correlated with higher obstetrics grades (P<0.001).

The findings indicate that medical interns' awareness of abortion laws and their ethical attitudes are significantly associated with their academic performance in obstetrics. Furthermore, more positive attitudes toward abortion were prevalent among female interns and were found to decrease with increasing age. Enhancing relevant medical education may improve legal awareness and ethical preparedness among future physicians.

One of the most important issues raised in relation to children is the issue of developmental delay and the criteria for its determination. Certainly, the inadequacy of "age" as an accurate criterion for determining such a fact is a complex and multifaceted process that requires measuring the child in various psychological domains.

The present study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that measures the level of criminal development in cognitive and psychological domains by examining all cases of offenders under the age of 18 referred to the North Khorasan Forensic Psychiatry Commission under the title "Criminal Development Assessment" over a three-year period.

The results show that 74% of defendants under the age of 18 referred to the Mental Commission lacked criminal development, while 26% of these defendants had sufficient criminal development to be charged with a crime. It was also determined that of the defendants whose criminal development was not verified, 59% did not reach sufficient criminal development due to failure in the tests and interviews taken in the cognitive domain, and 41% of them failed the psychological tests due to failure in their development.

What is clear and evident from the examination of the aforementioned issue is the lack of proper functioning of the age criterion for determining the criminal maturity of children, as 26% of those introduced to the commission, although they had not yet reached the age of 18, were mature enough to be charged with criminal behavior. Another result of the study is the prevalence of crime among male children compared to female children, which reinforces the need for preventive measures against this gender (males).

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) refers to an unexpected fatal event occurring within one hour of symptom onset and ranks among the leading causes of cardiac mortality worldwide, particularly in Western countries. Despite an overall decline in SCD incidence due to advances in prevention and treatment, uncommon etiologies such as coronary artery ectasia (CAE) have attracted growing attention. CAE is defined as dilation of a coronary artery segment to more than 1.5 times its normal diameter, which can lead to ischemia, thrombosis, and ultimately sudden death. This study presents a case of SCD in a patient with extensive ectasia of the major coronary arteries and reviews the clinical, pathophysiological, and management evidence for this rare syndrome.

A previously healthy 31-year-old man was referred for forensic investigation following sudden death. A comprehensive autopsy including gross examination and full toxicology was performed. Examination findings revealed diffuse dilation and wall thinning of the main coronary arteries, left ventricular hypertrophy, and no significant atherosclerotic plaques. Microscopic analysis showed myocardial fibrosis, medial thickening of small epicardial arteries, and degeneration of smooth muscle cells. Toxicology was negative for illicit drugs or medications. Epidemiological studies report CAE prevalence between 0.3% and 8% in angiographic and autopsy series and emphasize the role of matrix metalloproteinases in arterial degradation and remodeling.

These findings demonstrate that CAE can precipitate fatal ischemia and cardiac arrest even without progressive symptoms. Although rare, coronary ectasia represents a significant risk factor for SCD and should be included in the differential diagnosis of sudden cardiac death. Regular surveillance using cross-sectional imaging, functional cardiac assessment for high-risk patients, and the development of guidelines for combined antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy are essential.