نشبریه آمایش فضا و ژئوماتیک
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 128، تابستان 1404)

Tourism governance, recognized as a burgeoning paradigm within the realm of destination management, assumes a crucial role in tackling intricate challenges prevalent in the tourism sector. This research endeavors to delineate thorough conceptual, structural, and thematic advancements in tourism governance while concurrently pinpointing prospective research directions. A bibliometric methodology was utilized, scrutinizing 892 scholarly articles procured from the Scopus database spanning the years 2000 to 2025. The data were categorized into two distinct temporal intervals (2000-2015 and 2016-2025) and subsequently analyzed through the application of VOS viewer software. The examination unveiled a nine-fold escalation in the frequency of the tourism governance concept, alongside an expansion in thematic clusters from five to eight distinct clusters. Noteworthy governance types, including participatory, environmental, and multilevel governance, were discerned. The conceptual integration with contemporary challenges, notably over tourism and smart tourism, illustrates the field's responsiveness to emergent issues. Networks of international collaboration exhibited center-periphery dynamics primarily concentrated in five leading nations. The Journal of Sustainable Tourism emerged as the principal publication nexus, characterized by the highest centrality and connection density. The findings indicate a paradigmatic transformation of tourism governance from a dependent concept to an autonomous field, featuring sophisticated theoretical frameworks and varied typologies, which underscores the imperative of evolving from traditional hierarchical models to participatory, adaptive, and context-specific paradigms.

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to identify determinants of environmental behavior among 291 host households in the Atashkadeh-Firoozabad tourism area. A cluster random sample of 166 households was drawn. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire grounded in an integrated TPB-NAM framework, encompassing constructs of attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control, outcome awareness, attributions of responsibility, and personal norms. Face and content validity were established by experts, and reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (0.78–0.91), composite reliability (0.85–0.93), and average variance extracted (0.51–0.74). All values exceeded the acceptable thresholds (CR > 0.70 and AVE > 0.50), indicating good internal consistency and acceptable convergent validity. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS3 with bootstrapping (5000 resamples). Results within the TPB framework showed that attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly influence intention to engage in environmental behavior. In the NAM model, environmental outcome awareness leads to attributions of responsibility and the formation of personal norms. Personal norms emerged as the strongest direct predictor of environmental behavior and also served as a mediator through intention. Both intention and perceived behavioral control had direct and significant effects on behavior, while social norms exerted indirect effects only (via intention). These findings underscore the value of integrating TPB and NAM as a comprehensive framework for understanding host-community environmental behavior. Consequently, policy interventions should simultaneously reinforce ethical responsibility, raise environmental awareness, and enhance residents’ capacity to enact sustainable practices.

This research endeavors to amalgamate sustainable tourism enterprises with the conservation of the authenticity of historical heritage within the village of Masuleh. Consequently, the study is characterized as applied with respect to its aims, embodies an objective-subjective epistemological framework, and utilizes a mixed-method methodology adopting a concurrent strategy. The population targeted by this research comprised experts—including specialized scholars and practitioners in rural development and tourism—who were selected through purposive sampling, culminating in a total of 30 participants. The research instruments utilized encompassed interviews and questionnaires. For the analysis of data, grounded theory alongside the DEMATEL model was employed. The examination of factors affecting the sustainability of tourism enterprises in the village of Masuleh indicates that their success is contingent upon the concurrent consideration of five interrelated pillars: cultural-historical, physical-architectural, managerial-conservation, socio-economic, and technological dimensions. These components operate as an integrated system, wherein the fortification of one aspect precipitates the enhancement of the others. Ultimately, this synergy engenders multidimensional outcomes across economic, socio-cultural, physical-architectural, and managerial-institutional spheres. Within this conceptual framework, comprehensive strategies have been formulated across four principal domains—management and planning, economic and livelihood, cultural and educational, and marketing and promotion. The synchronized execution of these strategies guarantees the sustainable advancement of tourism in this historically significant village.

Dust storms, characterized by their capacity to transport aeolian sediments across extensive distances from their origins, represent significant threats to human societies and are linked with considerable detrimental impacts on public health, ecological systems, and the economic stability of communities. In light of the swift dispersal and extensive distribution patterns of dust particulates, coupled with their transportational dynamics via wind currents, numerous occurrences remain elusive to detection and monitoring, thereby necessitating the elucidation and spatial delineation of their origin regions. The Kara-Bogaz Gol Basin, alongside the Karakum Desert, has emerged as one of the principal contributors to dust emissions affecting Golestan Province in recent years. This study critically assesses the efficacy of sophisticated machine learning algorithms in pinpointing dust emission origins within the Kara-Bogaz Gol Basin. In the present investigation, a robust analytical framework founded on the amalgamation of remote sensing data and machine learning methodologies was employed. Environmental datasets, encompassing nine distinct parameters—namely, dusty days, soil moisture, soil texture, precipitation, wind velocity, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), air temperature, and land cover—were systematically extracted and processed utilizing the Google Earth Engine platform across the temporal scope of 2003-2023. A total of 340 dust emission sources were discerned through visual interpretation of MODIS satellite imagery, serving as training data for the machine learning algorithms. The findings revealed the following accuracies in identifying areas with high dust emission potential: Random Forest 91.8%, Artificial Neural Network 70.9%, XGBoost 89.9%, Gradient Boosting 87.9%, Bagged CART 89.9%, and LightGBM 91.8%. Notably, Random Forest and LightGBM exhibited superior performance in the identification of dust sources. An examination of explainability techniques indicated that three variables—vegetation index (27% contribution), soil moisture (23%), and DEM (19%)—exerted the most substantial influence on the prediction of dust-prone areas. The primary contribution of this research resides in the formulation of a hybrid machine learning framework adept at identifying regions susceptible to dust emissions and quantifying the role of environmental parameters in the genesis of these storms.

Recent advancements in urban policy formulation and human-centric design methodologies have positioned "urban happiness" as a pivotal element of urban life quality. The current research endeavor sought to ascertain and undertake a comparative examination of the extent of realization of happy city constituents across two distinct urban environments within Qazvin city. This study is classified as applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology grounded in a quantitative framework. Data were amassed utilizing a researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of 51 items derived from the theoretical corpus on the happy city, structured on a five-point Likert scale, from a sample of 766 residents residing in two neighborhoods: Minoodar (a modern, planned urban area) and Obeyd Zakani (an unplanned neighborhood). The analysis of data was executed using One-Sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman tests facilitated by SPSS software. The findings revealed that, in aggregate, the Obeyd Zakani neighborhood exhibits a more advantageous status compared to the Minoodar neighborhood, especially in parameters such as vitality and quality of life, social interactions, economic conditions, transportation and accessibility, health, and land-use diversity. For example, the vitality and quality of life index in the Obeyd Zakani neighborhood, with a mean rank of 560.06, was markedly superior to that of Minoodar (205.48). Conversely, the Minoodar neighborhood demonstrated relatively improved performance solely in certain indicators, such as safety and climatic comfort. The Mann-Whitney U test and the One-Sample t-test corroborated these distinctions independently. These variations underscore the significant impact of spatial and physical configurations on the realization of happy city indicators; specifically, modern urban fabrics, despite possessing adequate infrastructure, encounter difficulties in enhancing social quality of life, whereas older urban fabrics have achieved greater success in various social and human dimensions.

The objective of this investigation is to propose a multi-local urban planning paradigm grounded in the post-functionalist urban structure within the context of Iran. The methodological framework adopted in this scholarly article is qualitative in nature, employing the Grounded Theory approach as its primary investigative strategy. The statistical population for this study comprised experts and specialists in the disciplines of geography, urban studies, and regional planning, who were selected via purposive and snowball sampling techniques and subsequently engaged in interviews. The qualitative data were systematically coded in accordance with the three-tiered process of open, axial, and selective coding. The research outcomes reveal that the selective codes encompass six principal categories: Causal Conditions (which include the prerequisites, challenges, and rationales for advancing towards multi-local planning), Strategies (comprising the requisite actions, institutions, and measures necessary for achieving the objective), the Core Phenomenon (the focal subject of the inquiry), Contextual Factors (which pertain to the relevant institutions, organizations, and prevailing influential phenomena), Intervening Factors (which consist of existing and fundamental impediments to the actualization of the phenomenon along with the requisite actions to realize it), and ultimately, the Consequences associated with the implementation of multi-local urban planning. This investigation articulates a paradigmatic model predicated on the interrelations among these six categories and concludes that the realization of multi-local urban planning in Iran encounters challenges and urban contexts that are distinct from those observed in Northern European nations. These divergences encompass the economic and financial characteristics of planning institutions, the legal and intersectoral dimensions of urban planning, and the capabilities of neighborhood councils and urban residents.