Advance Researches in Civil Engineering
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Summer 2024

Numerous methods have been proposed for the seismic-resistant design of buildings, with performance-based design being one of the most promising approaches. This method integrates various previous techniques, offering a comprehensive framework. However, regrettably, there has been inadequate attention given to adapting this method for bridge applications in codes. It is evident that a similar effort, akin to what has been accomplished for buildings, is also necessary for bridges. By scrutinizing the design methods outlined in various codes and identifying their weaknesses, it is possible to achieve suitable results for the performance-based design of bridges. This research aims to develop a performance-based design method specifically tailored for bridges, thereby familiarizing engineers with the performance levels of bridges. The goal is to enhance the seismic resilience of bridges by providing a robust and adaptable design framework that aligns with the evolving needs of modern infrastructure.

Concrete’s long-term performance under sustained loads is critically influenced by time-dependent deformation, commonly known as creep. Traditional models primarily attribute creep to the viscoelastic behavior of cement paste, considering aggregates as purely elastic materials Which deforms instantly under external load and the deformation remains constant.However, recent research has revealed that the aggregates themselves exhibit a delayed elastic response. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, contributingfactors, and engineering implications of the delayed elastic behavior of aggregates in concrete. This work underscores the need to consider the delayed elastic response of aggregates in multi-scale modeling, structural design, and the development of new concrete materials for improved long-term performance.

Soil liquefaction is a critical geotechnical hazard that can cause severe damage to infrastructure and compromise the stability of ground foundations during seismic events. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the primary factors contributing to soil liquefaction during earthquakes. The analysis begins with an overview of the general concept of liquefaction, followed by an in-depth examination of key causes, including the presence of saturated granular soils, high groundwater tables, low-density soil conditions, and the effects of seismic loading such as intensity, duration, and cyclic stress. The research further considers geological and topographical influences, such as soil type, grain characteristics, and ground slope. Emphasis is placed on understanding how these factors interact under earthquake-induced stress to trigger liquefaction. Finally, the study explores modern techniques to reduce the risk of liquefaction, focusing on chemical and mechanical soil stabilization methods, structural mitigation strategies, and the use of specialized equipment. The findings aim to contribute to more resilient geotechnical design and effective risk management in earthquake-prone regions

This study investigates the fresh, mechanical, and durability performance of a low-carbon Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) system produced with a ternary Portland-limestone cement (PLC) binder incorporating 40% ground-granulated blast-furnace slag and 7% silica fume, along with recycled tire rubber as a partial fine aggregate replacement. The objective was to quantify the influence of slag-rich ternary binders and rubber inclusions on compaction behavior, strength development, and permeability of pavement-grade RCC. The fresh properties showed that increasing rubber content from 0% to 8% decreased Vebe time and improved remolding response under vibration due to reduced aggregate interlock, while the slag-modified binder maintained cohesion and prevented segregation at low water contents. Compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths exhibited controlled reductions with increasing rubber dosage, primarily due to rubber’s low modulus, weak interfacial bonding, and disturbance of granular packing. Nevertheless, all mixtures retained strength levels suitable for pavement applications, with the high-slag ternary binder mitigating strength loss through microstructural densification and improved interfacial transition zone quality. Water absorption increased slightly with rubber content but remained low across all mixtures due to pore refinement produced by slag hydration and silica fume. Overall, the results demonstrate that PLC–slag–silica fume binders provide a robust, low-carbon matrix capable of accommodating recycled tire rubber while maintaining the structural and durability requirements of RCC pavements. The synergy between high slag content and rubber modification offers a viable pathway toward sustainable, resource-efficient pavement construction.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the behavior of light steel structures against nonlinear static earthquakes. Among the simplified nonlinear methods to be included in the next generation of regulations, nonlinear static analysis simply simulates the nonlinear behavior of structures, and as an efficient tool in seismic evaluation of buildings, it has attracted the attention of researchers. has done. Today, in order to make structures as strong as possible against earthquakes, various methods are used. One of the effective methods in improving the seismic behavior of structures is the use of light steel structural systems (LSF). These types of systems receive a small amount of lateral force during severe earthquakes, and due to two special properties, i.e. prefabricated structural members and suitable thermal insulation, this structural system is widely used. To be used in the developed countries of the world to build residential houses. Due to the fact that in the seismic design of these structures in the traditional way, the design of connections is not properly considered, in these structures, connections are considered as the main weak point of these structures during severe earthquakes. This research has studied the seismic behavior of the walls of the LSF system and its connections using the non-linear static analysis method in the ABAQUS finite element software. For this purpose, plans with the number of layers 4, 6 and 8 have been selected and according to the 2800 code of Iran earthquake. A static equivalent was designed. Finally, in the case of the buildings designed according to the 2800 regulations, the research findings showed: Non-linear static analysis is not accurate enough in comparison with non-linear dynamic analysis.