فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1384)

Using a Pretest-Posttest desing this study attempted to assess family structre of runaway girls and their attachment styles during the first stage. The Sample consisted of 50 subjects from five centers including: juvenilce system, welfare crisis intervention center, the counseling center at School of Education, first district Reihaneh halfway house, and the prisoners of juvenile delinquencies. During the second stage, 15 participants with insecure attachment styles and dysfunctional family structure, took part in ten therapeutic sessions (using family and supportive therapy methods). Assessment instruments were Family Assessment Device (FAD), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), Adult Attachment Questionaire. The validity and reliability of these instruments have been found to be high in a previous investigation in Iran. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, standard diviation, percentages), non parametric tests like McNemar and Sign test Chi Square, Parametric tests like the Statistical Z test for comparing proportions, Paired-Samples T test, and Analysis of Variance (one way). Results showed (that: a) the family structure of runaway girls is dysfunctional and level of function in their sub-scales: “family roles”, “problem solving”, and “emotional responsiveness”, were lower than the societal norms; b) there was a positive significant consistency between the results obtained in this research, one may conclude that parents’ behavior patterns affect the children’s biological behavioral and, therefore, the parents may positively influence their children by acting in a right manner.

According to some international researches, infancy is a period of genesis and evolution for biological and psychological rhythms. While environmental factors play an important role in appearance, stability, and evolution of the rhythms, the family is the most essential factor that influences the regulation of children's biological and psychological rhythms.To test the mentioned research findings, we have conducted a fundamental and applied research, with experimental and control groups, to investigate the influence of Iranian parents on their children's biological rhythms. Our findings approved the above mentioned international research results.The study population was all 3 to 7 year old boys and girls of kindergartens and pre-primary schools in Tehran, among which 118 boys, 112 girls, and their 400 parents were selected by a cluster random sampling method to be studied. Half of the boys and their parents as well as half of the girls and their parents assigned randomly to the experimental group and the other half of the boys, girls, and parents assigned to the control group. In the first stage of research, the correct rhythms patterns were thought to the parents of experimental group and, then, by observing both groups of experimental and control groups of boys and girls on the basis of a researcher-made three-part questionnaire (with 13, 9, & 11 items) in the second stage, the data were collected.The results obtained from the research are the followings:1- The effect of biological rhythms of trained parents on biological rhythms of their children is positive and significant.2- There is a positive and significant correlation between the children's biological rhythms with their parent's biological rhythms.3- The correlation between the parents and children's biological rhythms was not significant when taking the sex factor into account.From the results obtained in this research, one may conclude that parent's behavior patterns affect the children's biological behavior and, therefore, the parents may positively influence their children by acting in a right manner.

The purpose of thise study was to investigate the effects of family factors on adolescent depression. The subjects consisted of 1419 adolescents who were randomly selected from high schools to the city of Isfahan using cluster sampling. The Questionnaires consisted ofther Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (MFQ) and the Family Factors Questionnaire (FFQ). The Relibiility Analysis showed that the Cronbach’s Alphaa were 0.93 and 0.73 for MFQ and FFQ respectively.Results of Stepwise Regression Analysis, showed that the variable of difference of opining with parents had the highest relationship with depression among the familial factors (17% of the depression scores’ variance was due to this variable, P=0.0001). In subsequent steps, feeling securey in the family, sibling relationships, mother’s education, parents’ arguments, parents-child relationship, personal relations with parents, punishment from patents and father’s job, respectively, had the highest relationship with depression (P=0.001). Overall 30% of depression scores was predicted by these familial variables. It can be concluded from the results of the results of the present study that close relationship of parents with their offspring, proving calm, secure, affectionate atmosphere, parents’ avoidance of arguments with each other and with their children and adoles cents, encouraging friendship and Kindness between siblings can be the effective factors in prevention and treatment of depression and treatment of depression in adolescents.

In this research, the author seeks the common aspects of widohood which women usually face during the later years of their lives. Through thise experience, they lose their previous roles, and eventually new roles emerge. As a result, widows are involved with psychological difficulties, stress, loss of self-confidence, skepticism, etc. Generally speaking, widowhood appears differently in various societies and cultures. The method of research used in this paper is the survey method conducted through exmination of existing literature, questionnaires and interviews. The paper is also seeking to find out how to integrate success, improvement and happiness into the lives of today’s and tomorrow’s widows.

This research has compared parent’s value tendency with that of the youth’s in Sanandaj families in 1381. This statistical population was selected based on factors of gender, relatedness, age and socio-economic status. It included all families having youths between 15 to 24 years of age in Sanandaj.1600 people (800 parents and 800 youths) were randomly selected from 40 city clusters in several stages and data was gathered by interviewer-made questionaire and Ingelhart Twelve valued Measurement. The collested date were analyzed by descriptive statistical indexes, t-test, ANOVA and MANOVA, using SPSS. The results showed that parent’s value tendency is material and the youth’s value tendency is non material, and that there is a significant difference between parent’s value tendency and that of youth. The results showed that gender did not have asignificantrole here, but that relatedness contributes to a significant difference between the value tendency of the sample groups. The results also show that there is a significant difference between the value tendency of the sample group with regard to age. socio-economic status has a main effect on the value tendency. The value tendency of the lower and higher classes were material whereas the value tendency of the middle class is non-material.

Family is considerd as the most important and the most fundamental social structure that can be formed by a man and a woman of one or two different backgrounds. And in a family composed of two different religious beliefs, spouses require an adjustment in cultrual beliefs and juridical points of view.For imporving the level of adjustment between their followers, religions offer moral recommendations. In addition to obligatory rules. However, considering disaccordance of rules and recommendations in different religions it is necessary to have rules that can solve these conflicts in a family context.The exigence rule means obligating the followers to perform their duties. This rule belongs to the “Imamieh” followers and is intended to solve the religious conflicts they may have with their spouse of a different sect. The most important documents and refrences to this rule are religious stories that have been stated frequently, have a spiritual order to them, and whose language contains examples for Imamieh followers. The rule is also applicable to other personal matters such as divorce, inheritance, and will.