مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1381)

Alpha 1–adrenoceptors in blood vessels are one of the active factors that plays a role in regulation of tissue blood flow. In diabetic angiopathy, responsiveness of these receptors is increased, while that is decreased in inflammation. According to these opposite effects, the aim of this study was to investigate the vasoconstrictor response of knee joint blood vessels in IDDM with combination of acute inflammation. Acute knee joint inflammation was induced by intraarticular injection of kaolin 3% - carrageenan 3% suspension and induction of diabetes was done by intravenous injection of alloxan (70mg/kg). Albino rats weighing 70-90 g were used. The animals divided into four groups as: control, diabetic, inflammatory and diabetic – inflammatory. Blood flow of knee joint was measured using laser doppler flowmeter (LDF). Vasoconstriction of joint was measured in response to topical application of different concentrations (10-7-10-3 M) of phenylephrine. Results obtained from this study showed that: 1- Increased knee joint diameter and circumference due to acute inflammation in diabetic rat knee joint was significantly lower than control rats. 2- Knee joint basal blood flow in diabetic rats was significantly lower than control rats. 3- The responsiveness of alpha1-adrenoceptors decreased in kaolin-carrageenan induced inflammation. 4- In diabetic rats kaolin-carrageenan induced inflammation could not decrease the responsiveness of alpha1- adrenoceptors. Based on the above mentioned results, we conclude that diabetes inhibits the reductive effects of acute inflammation on responsiveness to alpha1-adrenoceptors. The exact mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are remain to be revealed.

Endemic goiter due to lodine deficiency is one of the health problems in developing countries including Iran. So, national committee for control of lodine dificiency disorders has planned lodine salt from 1368. The purpose of this study was to evaluate goiter status and its relation with urinary lodine excretion in schoolchildren in vill of Raviz (Raviz includes 6 small–villages) of Rafsanjan. All of the 320 schoolchildren (boys and girls) 6-12 years old, in Raviz were examined for goiter and classified according to WHO classification and their urinary lodine excretion was measured. Drinking water lodine of Raviz was also measured. 87.34% of girls and 81.47% of boys had different grades of goiter. The majority were found grade I and II. 25% of schoolchildren had severe urinary lodine defeciency (<2 µ g/dl), 4.4% moderate (2.1-4.9 µ g/dl) and 10.3% mild (5-9.9 µ g/dl). The concentration of urinary lodine in 60.3% of schoolchildren were more than 10ug/dl (normal). From 6 small – villages of vill of Raviz which this study was carried out, only in one village concentration of lodine in the drinking water was 15.2 µ g/dl, but in others were less than 2 µ g/dl. Although the concentration of lodine in drinking water in 5 small-villages of Raviz was less than 2 µ g/dl, but in 60.3% of schoolchildren urinary lodine were found to be normal. So lodized salt consumption has had considerable effects on control of lodine deficiency. Another possibility is present of unknown goitrogenes in this area that should be discovered by further investigations.

Hypertension is one of the health and medical problems of many human societies, that has a wide prevalence and because of the secondary complications imposes a great costs to the therapeutic parts of society. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence, awarness treatment and control of hypertension in people over 18 years old in Rafsanjan city. This study was cross sectional, and the population included people over 18 years old and sample volume was 2000 persons which tested in 28 clusters in rural and urban people, which from each cluster, 55 families randomly entered the study. The way of collecting information was by questionnaires and direct refer to homes and measuring BP, hight and weight. The collacted data were analysed by EPI6 software. The results showed that the, prevalence of hypertension (HTN), in studied population was 23.3%. The awareness of HTN was 54/4%, the consumption of drugs was 33.2% and the number of controled HTN was 8.6%. There was also a significant relation between different groups of blood pressure and age (P<0.001), as the highest percentile of hypertension was in age groups (70-74 years old 63.7%) and the lowest percentile was in age groups (18-19 years old, 1.33%) (P<0.001), and there was a significant relation between different groups of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI), as the highest percentile was in BMI 27-30 (28.48%) and the lowest percentile was in BMI less than 20 (9.43%, P<0.05). According to the high prevalence of hypertension in studied society, it could be suggested that, increasing the people’s knowledge about hypertension and its complications and using the correct use of drugs can be effective in hypertension and its control.

Exact information about the anatomy of root canals is an important factor in the prognosis of root canal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the root canal anatomy in mandibular anterior teeth and premolars by clear and dye penetration method. In this study, 350 human mandibular anterior teeth and mandibular and maxillary premolars (from each:50 teeth) were used to determine the number of root canals and accessory and lateral canals. The examination of root canal systems was based on Vertucci’s classification and the method of clear and dye penetration with a little modification, compare to the other researches. The average frequency of type I canal in central, lateral incisors and cuspids were respectively 84, 78% and 94%. Type II: 10%, 12% and 14%. TypeIII: 2%, 2% and 0%, type IV: 8%, 2% and 40%. The average frequency of lateral canals in these teeth were 10%, 12% and 10%, and accessory canals 24%, 28% and 20%. The mean frequency of type I in mandibular premolars were 78% and 90%, typeII: 2% and 4%, type IV 6% and 4%, type V 14% and 2%. The frequency of lateral canals in these two teeth were 34% and 28% and accessory canals were 20% and 20%. The average frequency of type I in maxillary premolars were 10% and 54% respectively, typeII: 24% and 20%, type IV: 64% and 24%, type V: 2% and 2% respectively. The frequency of lateral canals in these two teeth were 14% and 4% and accessory canals 18% and 22%. Considering this research o ur method with a little modification compare to the other methods could be a useful and precise procedure for evaluation of root canal anatomy.

Curcumin is a yellow pigment that is extracted from tumeric. Lawsonia (2-hydroxy 1,4 naphtoquinon) is a natural product and is extracted from henna. Ginger is a dried rhizome obtained from a plant called zingiber officinalea, which is extracted from the ginger family. In the present study, the antiinflammatory effects of three chemical agents were evaluated on kaolin induced paw edema and these effects were compared to ibuprofen. This experimental study was performed on adult male rats. Acute inflammatory edema was induced by intraplantar injection of 0.1ml of 4% kaolin. Various concentrations of curcumin 5, 10µmol, lawsonia 20, 40µmol, ginger 5, 20 mg/kg and ibuprofen 12mg/kg were given Sub.cutaneaous. immedately after kaolin injection. Paw edema assessed by calculation of volume changes and by extravasation of Evans blue dye in test group compare to the control, 4 hours after kaolin injection. The results showed that 4% kaolin increased paw volume by 0.36±0.06ml, which was significantly inhibited by curcumin 69.4% at both concenterations (P<0.001). Lawosonia also had significant inhibitory effect on increased paw volume, by 72% and 66% at 20 and 40 µmol respectively (P<0.001). The paw volume was significantly reduced, 38.8%, and 44.8% by ginger at 5 and 20mg/kg respectively (P<0.01). No significant difference were found between inhibitory effects of ibuprofen and curcumin or lawsonia, but the effects of ibuprofen was found to be more than ginger (P<0.05). Kaolin injection also induced 37% increase in Evans blue extravasation, which was reduced only by ginger 30.7% and 33.3% at low and high doses respectively. These data suggest that, curcumin, lawsonia, and ginger can inhibit kaolin-induced inflammatory edema, so that the effects of curcumin and lawsonia are comparable to ibuprofen. Ginger also reduced protein leakage from vessels.

Iron can cause lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. Iron promotes myocardial injury in experimental animals. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by oxidants including iron play a central role in atherosclerotic process, therefore, evaluation of serum iron in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has a significant importance. In this cross sectional prospective study, 112 patients with CAD and 63 without CAD, with known coronary anatomy by coronary angiography, were evaluated. Serum iron, ferritin, Lipoprotein (a), LDL and HDL were measured in their fasting blood sample. Patients were also evaluated for known CAD risk factors eg. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cigarette smoking, family history of CAD and hyperuricemia. Patients with anemia, renal and hepatic disease, history of malabsorption, hemochromatosis, chronic infection, inflammatory or immunological disorders, known neoplastic disorders and heart failure were excluded. Both groups were identical in socio-economic status. Mean serum iron level in case group (with CAD) was 12.9±4μmol/l and in control group (without CAD) was 10.8±5μmol/l. There was significant difference between these values (P<0.001). Mean serum ferritin level in case group was 126±75μg/L and 101±75μg/L in the control group. There were also significant differences between these values P<0.005. In regard to the results of this study which showed serum iron and ferritin level were significantly higher in groups with CAD, without interference of other known risk factors, it may be possible that iron status of body can play a role in atherosclerotic process.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in the world. Although different genetic alteration has been reported in this malignancy, but P53 gene mutations are more frequent. P53 gene is one of the most important tumour suppressor genes and play a central role in breast cancer, therefore detecting of mutations in this gene would be very helpful to understand the genetic mechanisms in initiation and progress of breast cancer. The aim at this study was to detect P53 gene mutations in exons 5 and 8. In this study 32 patients with familial breast cancer were selected and biopsy of breast was carried out DNA extraction were performed by phenol-chloroform method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of exons 5 and 8 were carried out. In order to detect the mutations, SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) method was used and SSCP polyacrylamide gels were staind by silver nitrate. Abnormal bands were selected as mutation compare to controls. 2 mutations in exon 5 and 4 mutations in exon 8 were detected by analysing of SSCP gels. No satistical relationship differences were found between breast cancer and different tumour establisher agents. Due to some limitations in our study, such as: number of patients and exons that were studied, could not conclude an exact interpretation between P53 gene mutation and breast cancer. In order to reveal dominant P53 gene mutations in iranian people, we recommend performing this study on more patients with breast cancer and all exons of P53 gene in Iran.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae which include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is a major public health problem throughout the world. WHO strategy for effective control of HBV infection is vaccination with the surface antigen of virus(HBsAg).The results obtained from a large number of studies demonstrated that the vaccine induces a protective antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) in the majority of vaccines, but 1-10% of subjects fail to respond. This unresponsiveness to HBsAg has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms including expression of certain HLA antigens and haplotypes, defect in HBsAg-specific T-cell and B-cell reservoire, defect in antigen presenting cell function, immunological tolerance and imbalance in T helper cell function. Furthermore immunization factors that influence immunogenicity include: type of vaccine, dosage, number and timing of injections, site and method of injections. Host characteristics, such as sex, age, weight, genetics, immunological competency of the host and smoking also may influence the immune response to HB vaccine. The level of anti-HBs dose wane after vaccination. This phenomenon may have fuctional significance for booster vaccination. In this review article the factors that affect the immunogenicity of HB vaccine, immunological basis of unresponsiveness to vaccine and persistence of protection were evaluated.