فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1384)

This article is a contrastive study among National Innovation System, National Research System, and Technology System, about inputs, processes, outputs, objectives and strategies. The study shows that there are many differences among them. the viewpoint of NIS is more comprehensive and has less errors. This study is about Iran.

One of the most important and vital factors for establishing a knowledge based economy is making smart infrastructures. It is obvious that continuous evaluation of performance in these infrastructures is a very important factor. Science &Technology parks and Incubators are important infrastructures in these processes and continuous evaluation together with monitoring. For evaluation of S&T parks and Incubators, we need to consider: Initiating and formation cycle, goals, functions and actions, services and performance effects evaluation. In this paper we attempt to introduce some relevant parameters and measuring criteria based on experiments and literature review. Outputs, Added Value and best practices in S&T parks and Incubators are the main bases for introducing performance evaluation measurements.

The strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trades, not attending in this realm is not possible and meaningful. Therefore, it is necessary to study about different aspects of commodity, service and industrial property trade. By considering the necessity of joint of Iran to WTO, that is one of the main concerns of capitalists and governors, and since the forth development plan is based upon liberating the commerce; and regarding the fact that Iran is accepted as an observer member in WTO (Since 26, May 2005), it is vital that before taking any actions, different aspects of each activity be examined thoroughly. Further more, the legal situation of different services should be examined by the experts to comment upon professional aspects. The above mentioned experts, then, according to the position of services trade in Iran and in the world, evaluate the capacity of different services to recognize the internal market and try to expand it into external markets as well

One of the challenges that most of the governments encounter nowadays, is the category of using the resources for development, in particular, the human resource category. This problem with its multilateral infects, even in industrial and developed countries, is considered as a norm to measure the capabilities of these governments in economical development and an index for specifying social management power. By considering the high amount of human resource and the specific socio-economical situations in recent years in developing countries, especially Iran, this subject has been chosen as a considerable topic. Now, by considering the need towards job creation and using the human resource, the trends and solutions suggested are of great importance. This article is an effort, made to develop a specific point of view and approach under the topic of “Technological Synergy” with the objective of designing and expanding the development and composition of resources in developing countries. In this method two resources of investment -venture capital and Incubator- are used to describe the above mentioned model. This trend has been described in the three following sectors: Section one is included of concepts, selecting and clarifying the chosen approach along with the use and composition of resources. Section two is included of concepts and characteristics of incubators and VCs as the resources used in the model, and finally in part three as a conclusion the ways of interaction and technological synergy model of incubators and VCs has been reviewed.