نشریه رستنیها
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، پاییز و زمستان 1384)

Saline soils occupy about 7% of the earth land surface, an extent portion of such soil are not arable due to very high level of salinity. The objectives of this study were to obtain information about the effect of salt content of irrigated water on growth, anatomical changes and alkaloid production in pomegranate trees. The result reported that, salinity of the irrigated water, with 800, 1200, 1600, 2400, 3200 and 4000 µmohs/cm shows that, all levels of salinity treatment has no effect on number of new developed shoots, and salinty levels below 2400 µmohs/cm increased leaves dry weight. The alkaloid content in root tissues was increased in all levels of salinity. It has also been shown that, under salinity stress, the cuticle thickness was increased. Many crystals between parenchyma cells were produced with increasing salinity. The number and density of macro-crystals especially in central vein were increased, with increasing of salinity. The production of crystals in parenchyma cells may be considered as a resistance parameter to salinity in pomegranate (Fig. 4, C, D and Fig. 5, C-E).

The genus Cleome, belongs to the family Capparidaceae. Seven species were found in KhorasanProvince (Iran). Fresh materials were collected from its natural habitat and were sectioned with a sliding microtome with the following procedures: 1. Section were cleared and stained, 2. Staining without prior removal of the paraffin. Vessel preparations were obtained by maceration using Jeffrey solution. The results of this research confirmed classic taxonomic studies. These taxa showed several xeromorphic characters included the presence of paranchymatous bundle sheath and mesophyll of lamina with bilateral palisade parenchyma.

Examining dead insects from different locations in Mazandaran, Gilan and TehranProvinces, specimens with fungal outgrowth were selected for further investigations. After isolation and purification of fungi they were identified as follows:Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch*On Coccinella septempunctata, Tehran Prov., Varamin, Ghara-Aghaj mountains, M.H. Ghassemi (IRAN 1025 C). Paecilomyces tenuipes (Peck) Samson*On larvae and pupae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), Golestan Prov., Kordkuy, S. Zangeneh & M. Ghazavi (IRAN 1019 C). Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson* On a lasiocampid larva, Mazandaran Prov., 5 km south of Amol, S. Zangeneh & M. Ghazavi (IRAN 1020 C). Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson** On larvae of gypsy moth, Gilan Prov., Safrabasteh forest, M. Abaii (IRAN 1026 C). * Correspopnding author On adult sunnpests (Eurygaster integriceps Put.), Khuzistan Prov., Izeh, Doshalvaran, J. Mohaghegh. Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm. ex S.F. Gray) Brown & Smith isolated from adult sunnpests, Tehran Prov., Varamin, Ghara-Aghaj mountains, M.H. Ghassemi (IRAN 1027 C). Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolatedfrom two adult coleopteran species Golestan Prov., Kordkooy, S. Zangeneh & M. Ghazavi (IRAN 1028 C). Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikof) Sorokin isolated from a long-horned Beetle, Parandra caspica Men, Mazandaran Prov., Nur forest, M. Ghazavi (IRAN 1018 C).

Some members of the familyClavicipitaceae are endophytic and have mutualistic relationship with the plant family Poaceae. Their relationship is beneficial for both host and fungus. In the present investigation, endophytic fungi were isolated from seed and leaf sheath of hosts Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, F. pratensis, Bromus tomentellus, Melica persica and Lolium prenne. Morphological characters were checked on different culture media. Most of the isolates obtained from wild barley belonged to the section Albo-lanosa of the genus Acremonium and Neotyphodium. Sensitivity of the isolates to benomyl was tested and it was found that, media containing benomyl enhanced sporulation of non-sporulating isolates. In antibiosis test, it was found that most of isolates were effective against the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris australiensis and only two isolates of FoGn and MpFn were effective against Pythium aphanidermatum.

Two new species of Alcea L. (Malvaceae)in Iran, namely, A. iranshahrii from Fars Province and A. mazandaranica from Mazandaran Province are described. Their descriptions and taxonomic relationships are also given. In addition, seed coat microsculpturing is examined using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). The seed coat patterns observed are fairly uniformed among the genus. It was simple reticulate and regular, but there were pores distributed throughout seed coats with specific structures. The numbers, size, thickness of margins and the number of the cells surrounding the pores are characteristics for the species. In A. mazandaranica pores are bigger and thin at margins and also their number are more than that of the A. iranshahrii. A discussion on the taxonomic value of the seed micromorphology is also provided.

The meiotic chromosome counts are reported in 10 species of the genus Cousinia including: C. adenostegia, C. antonowii, C. chaetocephala, C. dasylepis, C. eriobasis, C. freynii, C. prasina, C. rechingerorum, C. termei and C. trachyphyllaria from Iran. Specimens have been collected from different parts of Iran out of which, eight species are considered to be new and two provide confirmation of the previous data. The chromosome number in all studied species is n=13 (except Cousinia antonowii and C. eriobasis i.e.n=12).