Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Mar & Apr 2006

Renal diseases information is population-based and has great geographic variability. Due to the lack of national renal data registry system, there is no information on the prevalence rate, and clinical and laboratory features of various glomerulonephritidies (GNs) in Iran. In a retrospective cross sectional study, we analyzed 462 adult renal biopsies in Hashemi Nejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. We determined the prevalence rate and the frequency of different clinical and laboratory findings in patients with different GNs. We also compared our results with the reports from other countries. There were 267(57.8%) males and 195(42.2%) females. The mean age (± SD) was 33.6 ± 15.7 (range, 13-75) years old. After exclusion of 55 biopsies with pathologies other than GNs and in the remaining 407 biopsies, membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) was the most common GN (23.6%), followed by IgAN (13.5%), membranoproliferative GN (11.5%), systemic lupus nephritis (10.6%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (10.3%), and minimal change disease (9.8%). These 6 GNs comprised the majority (79.4%) of all GNs. MGN is the most common form of GN, followed by IgAN, MPGN, SLE-GN, FSGS and MCD in adult patients in our study. The multi-center studies with a larger sample size are needed for more comprehensive data in Iranian population.

Physical or cardio-respiratory fitness are of the best important physiological variables in children with cerebral palsy (CP), but the researches on exercise response of individuals with CP are limited. Our aim was to determine the effect of sub-maximal rehabilitation program (aerobic exercise) on maximal oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse and cardio- respiratory physiological variables of children with moderate to severe spastic cerebral palsy diplegia and compare with able-bodied children. In a controlled clinical trial study, 15 children with diplegia spastic cerebral palsy, were recruited on a voluntarily basis (experimental group) and 18 subjects without neurological impairments selected as control group. In CP group, aerobic exercise program performed on the average of exercise intensity (144 beat per minute of heart rate), 3 times a week for 3 months. The time of each exercise session was 20-25 minutes. Dependent variables were measured in before (pretest) and after (post test) of rehabilitation program through Mac Master Protocol on Tantories cycle ergometer in CP group and compared with the control group. The oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) during ergometery protocol was significantly lower in CP group than normal group (P

Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep neck infections that are related with periodontal disease which has the same pathogenesis. We determined the relationship between peritonsillar infection and molar caries. In a cross-sectional study, 33 consecutive patients whom referred to Hamadan university clinic of otolaryngologic for peritonsillar abscess were examined by otolaryngologist and dentist who investigated relationship between peritonsillar infection and molar caries. There were 27 males and 6 females with mean age 26.7+_7 years. The frequency caries on ipsilateral peritonsillar infection sides was in relation to molars caries on opposite sides (conterol group). This corrolation was significant with odds ratio 2.5. Molar caries were seen 2.5 times more likely to have peritonsillar infection compared with normal molar sides.

Gout is a Common recurrent clinical syndrome characterized by increased serum uric acid and recurrent attacks of acute arthritis. Colchicine is used for Prophylaxis against recurrence of arthritis, but the duration of its administration has mentioned variable. In this study, optimal duration of prophylactic colchicine for prevention of gouty arthritis was assessed. In a clinical trial 190 patients with gouty arthritis divided randomly to group 1,2and 3 and received colchicine for 3 to 6, 7 to 9 and 10 to 12 months then colchicine discontinued and the patients followed one year for recurrence of arthritis. Result assessed by survival analysis with Kaplan –Meier method. The probability of recurrence of arthritis (in order of duration of colchicine prophylaxis) was 54%, 27.5% and 23%, respectively. The difference between group one and others was statistically significant, but between group 2 and 3 was not statistically significant. The most suitable duration of colchicine prophylaxis that accompanied with lower recurrence rate was 7-9 months, which seems more cost -effective than 10-12 months regimen.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the choice treatment for acetaminophen overdose. The main side effect of intravenous NAC therapy is anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions. We investigated the prevalence of anaphylactoid or anaphylaxis reactions to IV-NAC therapy in acetaminophen poisoned patients with atopic disease. A case series antrograde and descriptive–analytic study was done on acetaminophen poisoned patients who treated with IV-NAC from September 2003 to September 2004 in Isfahan, Iran. Of 173 infused IV-NAC patients, 77 patients (44.5%) developed an anaphylactoid reaction. Its side effects was nausea and vomiting (n=49, 63.15%), flashing (n=23, 30.26%), bronchospasm (n=20, 26.31%), vertigo (n=18, 23.68%), skin rash (n=25, 32.36%) and hypotension (n=12, 15.75%). Also, 71 patients (41%) had history of atopic disease. Atopic diseases were asthma (n=12, 6.9%), atopic dermatitis (n=7, 4%), allergic rhinitis (n=5, 2.8%) and allergic conjunctivitis (n=1, 0.5%). Among 71 atopic patients, 59 patients (83.13 %) developed side effects to NAC. There was a relation between previous history of atopic disease and anaphylactoid reaction to NAC. We report substantially higher incidence of anaphylactoid reactions to IV-NAC than previous studies. Different atopic diseases must be considered as a risk factor in the development of side effects to IV-NAC-therapy.

In cataract surgery, viscoelastic agents form anterior chamber, complicating to posterior capsular opacity and pigment deposition over intraocular lens after lens implantation. We compared the rate of these complications for air bubble and viscoelastic agents. Patients with senile cataract and candidate for routine cataract extraction were studied. They were randomly divided into group A (n=62) and group B (n=66). During operation and at the time of intraocular lens implantation, anteriorchamber was formed by air bubble (in group A) and with viscoelastic agents (in group B). All patients were followed for 3 to 6 months. The rate of posterior capsular opacity and pigment deposition over the intraocular lens were significantly higher in group B (40.9% vs. 21%) than group A (30.3% vs. 9.7%), respectively. Air bubble is a good substitution for viscoelastic agents in the formation of anterior chamber during cataract, either for decreasing complications or expensive materials.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a progressing common reproduction method and if the number of transferred embryo increases, the pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancies will increase which may lead to higher medical costs and human suffering. We compared pregnancy and multiple pregnancies rate after two or three transferred embryo via IVF. From April 2003 to June 2004, 301 referred infertile women to Isfahan infertility center underwent IVF with transferring two or three good quality embryos. From 298 patients, 2 and 3 embryos were transferred in 155 patients and in 143 patients, respectively. Pregnancy rate was 19.4% versus 24.5% in 2 and 3 embryos transferred patients, respectively. Twin gestations were found in 5(3.2%) of 2 embryos transferred patients and in 11(7.7%) of 3 embryos transferred patients. Transferring two or three embryos with good quality increase the rate of twin gestations in young women, without significant improve in the chance of singleton conception.

Otosclerosis (OS) is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in young population, and we determined incidence of OS among 1st and 2 nd degree relatives of surgically proved otosclerotic patients. In a cross sectional study among 43 surgically proved otosclerotic patients, positive family history of OS was determined. In suspicious cases, physical exam, tunning fork tests, and audiometry were performed. We also reviewed medical sheaths of admitted OS patients from 1995 to 2003 in Isfahan university hospitals for family history of OS. Among 15 otosclerotic patients (34.88%) with positive family history of OS, 14 individuals of their first and second degree relatives had clinical and audiometric otosclerosis. Among 85 medical record sheaths of otosclerotic patients, 12 patients (27.9 %) had positive family history for OS. The incidence of clinical and audiometric otosclerosis among first and second degree relatives of OS patients is nearly similar to the rate of positive family history of our patients, which is relatively lower than other studies.

Immunohistological studies have shown the pulpal responses to bacteria and their product’s inflammation, but presence of natural killer (NK) cells were unclear. This study detected NK cells in normal and inflamed pulps. From the third molars, 15 normal and 15 inflamed pulps were extirpated out and studied by indirect immune peroxides technique and microscope for NK cells. We did not find NK cells in normal coronal pulps, but they were detected in one third of inflamed coronal pulps. NK cells are absent in normal coronal pulps and present in the intensively inflamed pulps. They may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulp lesion.