فصلنامه دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 25 (پاییز 1384)

The aim of this study was to measure in students the prevalence of hypochondriasis and its relation to anxiety, depression and other charaeteristics such as age, gender, birth order, etc.These items led to the stratified random selection of 800 students (400 males and 400 females) from different fields of study on the following scales: 1- Ahwaz Hypochondriasis Test; 2- Beck's Depression Test; 3- Cattel's Anxiety Test. The analysis of the data using Pearson's Correlation and Multiple Regression proved that about 12% of the students suffered from hypochondriasis. Further, there was a significant relation between hypochondriasis, anxiety and depression. The results of the Multiple Regression indicated that depression alone was responsible for 25% of hypochondriasis according to covariance and when anxiety was added, it reached 29%. However, when the variable gender was added, a slight increase followed.

In this research the influence of group method reality therapy on reduction of anxiety in students has been assessed. Statistical population for research consists of the whole girl students at first grade medium level in Yazd studying in the 2003-4 academic year. The investigation method in this research is quasi-experimental. And pre-test and post-test design with group control was used. The samples for research were chosen by random sampling. Also Cattell anxiety questionnaire was used for this purpose. After administration of the cattell stress questionnaire on 220 of first grade students 20 were chosen through simple randomization.Then the 20 student group were divided randomly in to 2 groups of 10 (Control and Test). 10 consultation sessions of reality group therapy were performed each 1.5 hours on members of the test group (9 students), and no involovement took place in the control group. For analysis of the data, the student statistical test was applied based on the results, since the t-test (t=6.66) with a degree of freadom of 17 and confidence level of 99 percent is meaningful. That means, group method reality therapy has reduced anxiety of girl students to a medium.

The aim of this study was to preliminarily standardize and study the validity and reliability of Gray+Wilson Personality short test. To achieve this aim, some 600 male and female pre-high school and high school students (288 males and 312 females) of Tehran were selected using multi-stage sampling. The instrument used was the Gray+Wilson personality shot-test questionnaire with 28 questions measuring two personality traits biologically: behavior in- hibition and behavior activation system. To measure the test reliability, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used and to measure the construct validity, factor analysis was employed and finally to measure the concurrent validity, the coefficient correlation between the Gray+Wilson personality short-test questionnaire and Goodman's abilities and problems questionnaire was used. The internal consistency of the Wilson+Gray questionnaire was 0.68. The results of factor analysis using the principal components and Varimax Rotation yielded six factors from the Gray+Wilson questionnaire labeled Inadequate Tolerance, Care and Caution, patience, Quiescence, Emotional Control and Emotion-seeking. Overall, the above six factors managed to account for 38% of the variance for G+W questionnaire. The results of correlation between the G+W questionnaire (on behavior inhibition and behavior activation) indicated that behavior inhibition with subscales for social relations of a particular nature (P< 0.05: r=0.27), hyperactivity and carelessness (P<0.05: r=0.21) and anxiety disorders (emotional, P<0.05: r=0.27) based on Goodman's Abilities and weaknesses Questionnaire (researcher's report) are positively and significantly related. Further, the results indicated that there was a positive and significant relation between behavior activation and social relations subscales with a particular nature (P<0.05: r=0.32); hyperactivation, carelessness (P<0.05; r=0.36) and behavior disorder (P<0.01; r=0.46). Overall, the preliminary results supported the fact that the G+W short-test questionaire was valid and reliable.

The purpose of this Study was to investigate the relation between personality precedents of different forms of ego identity among female students at the University of Esfahan. For this Purpose, 305 Students were Selected randomly through Stratified Sampling from different Schools. The research method was Correlative. Personality traits (anxiety, Self-Esteem, Locus of Control) were reparded as estimator and ego identity status (diffusion, Forclosure, moratorium, and achieved identity) as Criterion Variables. The bennion and Adams questionnaire was used to measure identity. The findings showed that the predictor of Personality of achieved identity included anxiety. 22% self esteem 0.18% and internal Locus of Control 0.16%.

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between emotional intelligence and their components (include, problem solving, reality testing, interpersonal relationship, optimism, self-regard, impulse control, flexibility, social responsibility, empathy, assertiveness, happiness, independence, stress tolerance, self actualization, emotional self-awareness) with job performance (on the basis of self appraisal and supervisor evaluation) and career advancement. For access to these goals, from 150 Morchekhort industrial town factories which have 11000 personnel, with use of random sampling method, 35 factories selected. Then from these 35 factories with the use of mutli stage sampling, 300 persons of personnel and 25 persons of their supervisors selected. Instruments which used in this research were: Bar-One's Emotional Intelligece (With 90 questions), and Queen Dom's career advancement questionnaire (with 41 questions). The reliability of research instruments study with use of Cronbach's alpha, split-half coefficient and test-retest (with 4 to 6 week interval). The Cronbach's alpha for Bar-On emotional intelligence subscales were 0.497 (for Assertiveness) to 0.745 (for Social responsibility). Test-retest reliability for this questionnaire was 0.547 (for flexibility) to 0.834 (for empathy). Cronbach's alpha for emotional intelligence questionnaire (total) was 0.936 and test-retest for this questionnaire was 0.854 Cronbach's alpha for career advancement questionnaire was 0.844. The research hypothesis were: There is relationship between emotional intelligence and their components with career advancement, also there is a one-way relationship between emotional intelligence and their components with career advancement, also combination of emotional intelligence components have been predictive power for career advancement. The research hypothesis has been analyzed with the use of Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis and structural equations model. The result showed that there is positive significant relationship between all of the emotional intelligence components with career advancement (from 0.259 for impulse control to 0.57, for optimism and P<0.001). The results of stepwise regression analyses showed that the some of emotional intelligence components have sifnificant predictive power of career advancement (p< 0.05, P< 0.01 and P< 0.001). The results of structural equations model showed that there is significant one-way relationship between some emotional intelligence components career advancement. Also some new model for these relationships extracted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and the manager's personality characteristics and effective leadership in Islamic Azad University in order to peresent a suitable management pattern. The population comprised all the managers who worked in different sectors of the Islamic Azad University, Area # 8 in the 2005. Two hundred managers were randomly selected from different districts. The research tools consist of the modified questionnaire of Ramsden's Effective Leadership, and the Gordon Personality Characteristics, of researcher-made questionnaire for organizational climate. The questionnaire of personality characteristics was administered to managers, and the questionnaire of organizational climate and effective leadership was completed by their staff (for each manager, three clerks wers selected). The results of applyin multi-variate regression were as follows: 1-There was a significant relationship between the manager's personality characteristics and effective leadership. 2- There was significant relationship between organizational climate and effective-leadership. 3- In the proposed pattern of the present research the followings were effective in the leadership of university managers: different aspects of aims and goals, the way that managers meet staff's needs and motivation from eleven factors of organizational climate and conservation factor out of eight factors of the manager's personality characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to consider the effectiveness of inculcation for the tendency ok ok drug abuse among high school students in Isfahan. The research theories were: 1- The group attending a self-assertiveness class, had significantly less tendency toward drug abuse, in comparison with the control group. 2- The group attending an attitude-change class, had a significantly less tendency toward drug abuse, in comparison with the control group. 3- The group, attending an inoculation-against-stress class, had significantly less tendency toward drug abuse, in comparison with the control group. 4- The drug abuse tendency of all these groups (attitude-change, self-assertiveness, stress inoculation) were different form one other. The statistical population comprised all the male students of 4 regions in Isfahan, between 2002 and 2003. The sampling was a cluster prepared by randomization. For the questionnaire the used in this study the Chronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was equal to 0.90. The method for this research was partially experimental. In order to analyze the data, ANOVAS analysis was used, and the following results were obtained: 1- the results of couple the comparison has shown in which post-test (after pre-test score control) tendency toward drug in attitude-change group was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0.004). 2- The results of couple compaison have shown in which post-tests (after pretest score control) drug tendency in self-assertiveness group was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0). 3- The results of couple comparison have shown in which post-test (after pretest score control) tendency towards drug in the inoculated group against stress was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0). 4- The results of couple comparison have shown in which follow-up test (after pretest score control) drug tendency in self-assertiveness group was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0.002). 5- The results of the couple comparison have shown in which follow-up test (after pretest score control) the drug tendency in the group inoculated against stress was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0.008). 6- The results of the couple comparison have shown in which follow-up test (after pretest score control) the drug tendencey in attitude-change was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0.6). 7- In regard to the research results, it is obvious which drug tendency had no significant difference between the trained groups with attitude-change, self-assertiveness and stress inoculation. The results of the experimental groups is as follows: A) As shown in the post-test, the drug tendency between attitude-change and self-assertiveness groups does not make a significant difference (P=0.15). Also in the follow-up, the difference was not significant (P=0.9). B) As seen in the post-test, the drug tendency between the attitude-change group and the group inoculated against stress has not shown a significant difference (P=0.08). Also in the follow-up, the difference was not significant (P=0.24). C) As seen in post-test, the drug tendency between the self-assertiveness group and the group inoculated against stress has not shown a significant difference (P=0.76). Also in the follow-up, the difference was not significant (P=0.58).