فهرست مطالب
International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine
Volume:4 Issue: 1, May 2006
- 60 صفحه،
- تاریخ انتشار: 1385/05/14
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Page 1Background
The ability of the ovary to respond to exogenous gonadotrophin stimulation anddevelopment of several follicles is essential in assisted reproductive technology. Neither age andregularity of menses nor follicular phase FSH and estradiol concentrations are reliable predictors ofovarian response. Day 3 serum inhibin-B level, during induction ovulation, has been proposed as apredictor of ovarian response.
ObjectiveTo determine day 3 serum inhibin-B as a predictor of ovarian response to induction ovulationin IVF/ ICSI cycles.
Materials And MethodsSeventy one infertile patients under 40 years old were enrolled in this study.All women have both ovaries, basal FSH level under 15 mIU/ml, and no evidence of endocrine disorders.Day 3 FSH, estradiol, inbibin-B concentrations and ovarian volume were measured before treatment. Allpatients underwent standard long GnRH agonist protocol. The number of oocytes retrieved, fertilizationrate, clinical pregnancy rate, days of stimulation and number of HMG ampoules were determined. Thepatients were divided into two groups, normal responders and poor responders (number of oocytesretrived <4).
ResultsThe mean inhibin-B level in normal responders was 166.9 ± 141 pg/ ml versus 115.8 ± 87 pg/mlin poor responders, which the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.24). We could not find a cutoff between normal and poor responders.
ConclusionThe use of day 3 inhibin-B level as a predictive marker of ovarian response in IVF/ICSIcycles is not reliable.
Keywords: Inhibin-B, IVF, Ovarian reserve, Poor responder -
Page 7Background
The preparation of endometrium for embryo reception is dependent on the ovarianhormones, which are affected by ovarian hyperstimulation procedure.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in morphometrical indices of endometriumby the daily injection of progesterone after mouse ovarian induction.
Materials And MethodsAdult virgin female mice were selected and divided into control andexperimental groups. Experimental groups were superovulated using human menopasual gonadotropichormone (HMG), and human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG), then they, were subdivided intotwo groups, which one group was also injected daily by progesterone. All control and hyperstimulatedgroups were rendered pseudopregnant by cervical stimulation. Three and four days after the HCGinjection, the samples of uterine horns were aparted and processed for light microscopic studies.
ResultsOur results showed that in the progesterone-injected group, the height of surface and glandularepithelium was decreased on day three (17.6±3.55, 10.02±2.6) and day four (16.9±4.24, 1.6±0.84)respectively, and it had low columnar morphology in comparison with the hyperstimulated and controlgroups. Also the intercellular spaces of stroma in progesterone-injected group were narrower than these inthe other groups.
ConclusionOvarian hyperstimulation followed by progesterone injection alter the morphometricalindices of surface and glandular epithelium of endometrium, which could affect on its receptivity.
Keywords: Endometrium, Morphometry, Ovarian stimulation, Progesterone -
Page 13Background
Recurrent abortion is a difficult medical problem happening in about 1-2% of fertilewomen. Most spontaneous miscarriages which happen in the first and second trimesters are caused bychromosomal abnormalities.
ObjectiveThe present study tries to find the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in couples withrecurrent pregnancy loss.
Materials And MethodsIn total 165 couples were referred to genetic counselling clinic with a history ofat least three previous abortions. In all women antibodies against toxsoplasmose, rubella andcytomegalovirus (CMV) were analysed by ELIZA. In 88 couples karyotyping was conducted by analysisof G and/or C banding. Metaphase spreads were made from phytohaemaglutinin-stimulated peripherallymphocytes using standard cytogenetic techniques. The chromosomal status was analyzed usingCytoVision Ultra ver.4.0 from Applied Imaging.The 2-test and ANOVA were used for statistical evaluation. The level of p<0.05 was considered assignificance.
ResultsMost of the patients had 3 repeated abortions (61.2%). Cytogenetic analysis performed for 88couples and karyotypes of 12.5% of them were abnormal. The majority of them had monosomy X(6.82%), followed by balanced translocation (2.27%). The number of female carries chromosomalabnormality exceeded significantly than of male. Coefficient of inbreeding in more than 50% of coupleshad fifth degree of relationship (89 out of 165).
ConclusionOur results showed that 12.5% of the couples with missed abortion had an abnormalkaryotype, with no other abnormality. Cytogenetic findings in spontaneous aborted specimens couldprovide valuable information for genetic counseling and prenatal care in future pregnancies in coupleswith a history of repeated pregnancy loss.
Keywords: Recurrent abortion, Chromosomal abnormality, Monosomy X -
Page 19Background
It has been demonstrated that performing a mock embryo transfer (ET) significantlyimproves the pregnancy rate in IVF cycles. The mock ET could be performed prior to the stimulationcycle or immediately before real ET. The problem of the first procedure is the possibility of variation inthe uterine position and or cervico–uterine angle.
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the consistency of the type of ET in mock ETprior to the treatment cycle with real ET.
Materials And MethodsA prospective comparison between the technique of mock embryo transfer andreal embryo transfer. One hundred and sixty treatment cycles on 141 patients between January 2003 andSeptember 2004 ended to ET and they were analyzed prospectively. In each cycle, patients underwent amock ET in mid luteal phase prior to treatment cycle (the date when patients referred to have consultationabout down regulation regimen).
ResultsOf 160 mock ET the Wallace catheter passed easily in 144 (90%) of them. In the remaining 16cycles (10%) a tenaculum and or a rigid cannula had to be used. From 144 cases of easy mock ET, realET was easy in 121 (84%) cases while 23 (16%) cases had difficultly during real ET. In the 16 cases ofdifficult mock ET, there was 8 cases (50%) of difficult real ET and 8 cases (50%) of easy real ET(p=0.001, χ2=10.67). The overall clinical pregnancy rate for both difficult and easy transfer was 35%. Thepregnancy rate for easy real ET was 37.2% and for difficult real ET was 25.87%. Despite of thedifference, the statistical analysis shows no significance difference (χ2=1.21). The difference betweenmean age for both difficult and easy real transfer was not significant.
ConclusionMock ET before beginning of the treatment cycle is highly consistent with real ET.
Keywords: Real embryo transfer, Implantation, Mock embryo transfer -
Page 23Background
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a real problem that affects 25-63% of women. There isno valid Persian version of sexual function questionnaire (FSQ).
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Persian version of sexualfunction questionnaire.
Materials And MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 547 women were questioned by Persian version ofSFQ. Factor analysis produced five domains of female sexual function. Internal consistency, test-retestreliability, and discriminant validity were calculated.
ResultsFive-factor structure accounted for 63% of the variance. Arousal-orgasm domain was as sameas arousal-sensation, arousal-lubrication, and orgasm domains of the original version. Enjoyment-desiredomain was similar to enjoyment and desire domains except one question. Pain and partner domains wereconsistent with original domains. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant validitywere reasonable in Persian version of SFQ.
ConclusionPersian version of SFQ is almost valuable and reliable to use for Iranian population withexception of one question. Results of the omitted question from enjoyment domain should interpretseparately as unusual sex domain.
Keywords: Sexual function questionnaire, Female sexual dysfunction, Persian version -
Page 29Background
Since AIDS is not only a vital medical problem, but also a socioeconomic complication,therefore increasing people''s knowledge and replacing their unhealthy behavior by a healthy one is ofimportant consideration. Women, specially in reproductive ages of their life, have a special situationregarding the probability of pregnancy and infection of their fetus.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore pregnant women''s knowledge about HIV/AIDS, theirperception of risk, risk behavior and management, and their attitudes towards AIDS.
Materials And MethodsIn a cross sectional study, a total of 120 pregnant women, who referred tofamily health clinics in Yazd, were selected by simple random sampling. Information was collected via aspecial designed questionnaire containing 22 questions for evaluating knowledge and 6 questions forevaluating attitude. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test with SPSS software.
ResultsThe knowledge of pregnant women about AIDS was not significantly different in different agegroups (p=0.151), while it had a significant relationship with their education (p=0.000). There was acorrelation between general knowledge and attitude in pregnant women (p=0.033) (r=0.126). The attitudeabout AIDS in pregnant women was fairly good and there was a significant difference in this regardrelated to their education (p=0.000), while there was not significant difference regarding their age(p=0.410) (Mean =19.8).
ConclusionThere is an urgent need for HIV prevention efforts, such as health education and focusing onthe pregnant women in developing world. Health educators should tailor education programs for womenat risk, particularly those with lower education, to enhance their knowledge about HIV and to improvetheir attitude about AIDS.
Keywords: AIDS, Pregnant women, Knowledge, Attitude -
Page 35Background
Pre-eclampsia, a vascular disorder of pregnancy, is a leading cause of maternal morbidityas well as perinatal morbidity and mortality. The cause of pre-eclampsia remains largely unknown.Accumulating evidences from clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that diffuse endothelialdysfunction, resulting from oxidative stress, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.Independent effect of maternal biological markers, such as elevated triglyceride or low plasma vitamin C(ascorbic acid) concentrations are related to increased pre-eclampsia risk.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine plasma concentrations of vitamin C in women withpre-eclampsia.
Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional, case controlled study comprises 40 pre-eclamptic and 80normo-tensive pregnant women of singleton gestations in third trimester, in Allavi Hospital, Ardabil, Iran.Blood samples (5ml) were collected aseptically in heparin tube, and the plasma concentration of vitaminC was determined by spectrophotometric method. SPSS software package was used for analyzing thedata.
ResultsPlasma vitamin C level was found to be significantly lower (p<0.001) in the pre-eclampsiagroup than this level in the control group. Vitamin C levels in the pre-eclampsia group were found to beinfluenced by their maternal age (p<0.01), and was positively related to the gestational age (p<0.01).
ConclusionKnowledge from this study may contribute to the development and evaluation of behavioraland medical interventions aimed at reducing the occurrence of pre-eclampsia.
Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy, Vitamin C -
Page 41
Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene give rise to a wide array of phenotypic abnormalities.Various mutations of the AR gene and expanded polyglutamine repeats (CAG) at exon 1 of the gene havebeen reported in patients with infertility and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of the ARgene trinucleotides repeats has not been systemically studied in those with hypospadias or genitalambiguity. In this study it was tried to find out the potential association between these repeats and sexualdevelopment in a family consisted of 10 persons including one girl with primary amenorrhea and twoboys with severe hypospadias.Mother was heterozygote for both CAG and GGN repeats. All affected children inherited the longer CAGand GGN repeat from their mother and all their healthy siblings inherited shorter CAG and GGN repeat.Only one girl had heterozygous situation like her mother.Our results indicated that disease locus is in linkage disequilibrium with the CAG and GGN trinucleotiderepeats in the AR gene.
Keywords: Androgen receptor gene, Infertility, CAG, GGN repeat, Hypospadias