مجله نامه مفید
پیاپی 51 (دی 1384)

According to endogenous growth models, the best way to establish convergence between weak and strong economies and reduce the gaps between them, is to create scientific knowledge and technology. To achieve this important goal, it is necessary not only to allocate resources increasingly and permanently to this sector, but also to provide the necessary infrastructure for its utilization; and this is considered to be the government’s responsibility.Based on the patent inventions, this paper has attempted to estimate the knowledge production function. The results show that to add to the stock of the existing knowledge, we should create such an environment in which talented and qualified people are continuously absorbed by the science and research sector. This would lead to the enhancement of the country’s capacities to absorb and utilize up-to-date global knowledge. Thus it would help to achieve the sustainable and endogenous growth of the country.Furthermore, the necessary infrastructure for the fulfillment and motivation of inventions and innovations at the level of private institutions must be provided.

This article seeks to analyze the impact of trade globalization on industrial employment in Iran’s economy within a 29-year period (1352-1380). To test the hypothesis, we have used Panel Data method along with using ISIC codes of Iranian industry. The GDP ratio of trade has been used as a globalization index (among famous indexes). The result shows a negative relationship between globalization of trade and industrial employment in Iran. Although our hypothesis is rejected, regarding Iranian economic structure in the above period, the outcome is justifiable.

This paper develops a theoretical model in which a processing industry purchases a main productive input in order to convert it into the final commodity, employing other non-main inputs. In this market, concentration coefficient regarding input demand shares among firms has been divided into several factors, imposing their impacts on economic performance indirectly. Theoretically, it turns out that both the price elasticity of main input supply and collusion degree have positive indirect effects on industry profitability due to concentration changes, but their direct effects are negative and positive respectively. Choosing eleven sugar cane industries and applying the approach of pooling time –series and cross- sections data, it results in the degree of collusion at 0.7 levels among industries. It implies that each factory behaves as a monophony in main input market and that this behavior tends to affirm the collective decision making between industries.

Establishment of a social security system can be accounted for as one of the methods of poverty reduction, which is utilized by most governments. The purpose of this paper is to study Iran's Social Security System’s achievement regarding poverty reduction within 1367-80 period. The system includes insurance and supportive sections. In the insurance section, those who receive long-term supports in the forms of pensions and benefits enjoy a living standard beyond the absolute poverty line, but the amount, at constant 1369 prices, declined over the period under the study. It can be said that civil pensions have faced a similar situation. In the supportive section, poor people under the assistance of Imam Khomeini’s Committee, despite the increase in real pensions, received a level of living under the absolute poverty line in the period. The application of Engle-Granger method revealed that the increase of government expenditure on social security led to a significant reduction in the percentage of households who were living under absolute poverty line

This paper focuses on human capital and social capital as determinants of economic growth and compares the corresponding effects. The results show that the effect of a decline in social capital on growth is negative and significant, while the effect of human capital is not significant. Regarding residual growth, again it is concluded that the effect of a decline in social capital is significant but the human capital has no effect on economic growth. Although we have benefited simple criteria to measure human capital and social capital, the results can be considerable.

Cash dividends and particularly changes in stock prices are the two main factors of providing returns for investors in stock market. Advocators of analyzing stock market based on technical methods, believe that returns are statistical variables which follow a particular pattern and like other time-series relations have a special behavior. Thus, analysis of historical information can provide various bases for future predictions. Stock analysis based on this attitude is new in Iran. In this paper we investigate the degree to what the rates of stock return from investing in Tehran stock market are affected by the two main factors that construct it- return from changes in stock price and cash dividend. Initially the meaningfulness of the relationships between the dependent variable and independent variables were tested by linear multi-regression analysis in 1377- 1381 period. Since it was suspicious that year alteration has had impacts on relations (intercept and slope coefficients), a dummy variable regression model was applied in which the impacts of year-price changes and year-cash dividend factors were involved. This method determined the appropriateness of independent variables. By using the stepwise forward method, the most effective variables were determined and included. And finally as the observations on cross-sectional units were made over a number of periods, the data was pooled and examined on both time-series and the cross-section dimensions through the Panel Data method and the final model (pooled equation) was estimated. The results show that in all models the R square amounts provide the acceptable appropriateness of all estimated regression models. Almost in all years the rates of return have had a significant meaningful relation with stock price changes but for the prediction of the rate of stock return, the cash dividend factor can’t be a good estimator. The standardized beta coefficients explain that the impact of changes in stock price was much more than the impact of cash dividends almost in all years.