فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، بهار 1385)

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between high school teachers' life styles and their psychological disorders in Isfahan. 224 high school teachers were selected randomly through clustral sampling. Life Style Questionnaire and SCL-90-R were used to collect data. Reliability coefficient of Life Style Questionnaire was 0.88 and SCL-90-R was 0.98. The results showed that the life style of high school teachers in Isfahan was desirable. The most noticeable disorders in high school teachers were interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive- compulsive disorders. There was a significant relationship between life style and psychological disorders of high school teachers (P < 0.001) and the equation was reversed. There was also a significant relationship between male/females and level of education with psychological disorders. The level of disorders was shown more among male than female teachers. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in life styles of male and female teachers.

In this research the relation between client's consultative satisfaction, situation and processing variables were studied. According to its goals and their variables involved, this study is considered as a survey research. 126 clients who discontinued their consultative sessions at the Tohid Counseling and Psychological Services Center were selected as the subjects of the study via available sampling in the 1381-1382 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher with 23 questions and analyzed via analysis of variance, discriminate analysis, t-test and the Scheffe procedure. Age, gender, marital and academic status of the samples did not have a meaningful relation with their satisfaction. However, number of sessions, length of the therapeutic sessions to be admired, on time and the admissions attitude, responsibility of the client to their homework, their attitude towards counseling had meaningful relation with client satisfaction. The results of this study can be a reliable and efficient source to guide and to direct activities of the counseling units.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological risk factors of attempting suicide among college students. Psychological risk factors included were anxiety, somatoform, bipolardisturbance, dysthymia, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, delusional disorder, major depression, and paranoid. This was an ex-post facto study which was done by questionnaire. 30 students who were attempting suicide and 30 students who did not attempt suicide were paired with each other based on their age, gender, marital status, field of study and academic year. These students completed MCMI-II questionnaire. Two groups of the subjects, i.e. attempted and nonattempted suicide, were significantly different in terms of symptomalogy of all the clinical disorders including anxiety, somatoform, bipolar-disturbance, dysthymia, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, delusional disorder, major depression and paranoid. Psychological risk factors and mental disorders played an important part for those who were attempting suicide. Therefore by considering psychological status of students one can identify vulnerability people who are attempting suicide and prevent their attempt to suicide. In addition, by improving metal health of college students the risk of suicidal attempt can be reduced.

The purpose of this research was standardization, reliability, and validity of optimism scale (LOT) between citizens of Esfah􀆗n. 120 citizens of Esfah􀆗n city selected by cluster sampling method. Optimism, self mastery, depression scale, and personal characteristics form were administered to them. This research was a survey that encompasses descriptional, evaluation, comparison, and correlation method. Finding of research revealed percentiles and standardized (T) scores as the norms of optimism scale. Cut-off point of standardized (T) test for males were ascertained 32 and 13 and 30 and 16 for females. The results of scale’s item analysis showed that all of the scales items had a significant and positive relationship with total scores of the scale. Reliability coefficient was computed 0.74 and 0.87 using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test and test-retest method respectively .validity coefficient of optimism was computed by criteria related approach. Validity coefficient between optimism, depression, and self mastery were -0.649 and 0.725 respectively. Factor analysis revealed two dominant factors that called positive attitude toward event and hope for future. Other findings showed that there was significant relationship between optimism, self mastery, age, depression, income, mother’s age, and season of birth, (P < 0.05). Results showed that gender is not an influential factor on optimism, selfmastery, and depression. With respect to finding it was concluded that optimism scale can be used to test people’s optimism.

Study of religions history has shown that belief in God is effective in treatment of psychological disorders, also security, and peace in mind and preventing from anxiety and consequent disorder. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between religious identity and mental health. 500 students, boys and girls between 20 to 30, randomly selected from different faculties of Islamic Azad University (Tehran South Branch). The samples were tested by two questionnaires: Religious Identity, and Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The obtained results show that: There was a relationship between Religious Identity and mental health. Those students, who had “Achievement identity”, had successful social interaction, and suffered less from anxiety and depression. Those who had “diffused and moratorium Identity” suffered more from anxiety and depression and their social interaction was unsuccessful. On the other hand those who have “foreclosure identity”, were not face to such psychological problem in this research

The research at hand investigates the effects of neuropsychological treatment on reading efficiency of students suffering from developmental dyslexia (L-type). Eighty two students suspected of dyslexia were elected from community of students the third, forth, and fifth grade elementary school through cluster sampling. Diagnostic tests (including Wechsler’s intelligence scale for children reading disorder, ADHD, and conduct disorder tests) were administered based on which thirty students were purposefully selected .The evaluated sample was then randomly divided into two categories based on Bakker’s classification, each consisting of fifteen students (the L-type experimental and control groups). Pre-tests were then administered after which the L-type experimental group received neuropsychological treatments (HSS) through 20 sessions. Control group, however, did not receive any treatment. Subsequent to the mentioned procedures, post-tests were administered (immediately) while follow up tests were administered (after a period of four months). Data was analyzed through Mixed ANOVA, variance analysis of repeated measure and Dependant T-Tests. Research findings indicate that neuropsychological interventions based on Bakker’s balance model of reading, increases reading accuracy and comprehension of students suffering from developmental dyslexia of the L-type. Follow up tests indicated the permanence of the effects of neuropsychological interventions after duration of four months. It is recommended that learning disability educators, physician, and psychologists administer Bakker’s neuropsychological treatment methods for the improvement of the reading efficiency in students suffering from developmental dyslexia.

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between parent’s attachment style and children’s Attachment disorder in school-age children. The sample consisted of 324 girls and 281 boys that were selected from Tehr􀆗n public primary schools of three grades (3, 4, and 5) by a random multistage sampling method. To verify the hypotheses, The Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Revised), the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ), the Bender Gestalt Test (BG), and one questionnaire for demographic information were used. The findings indicated that parent’s insecure/anxiety attachment can significantly predict attachment disorder of their children. Parents of insecure attachment reported higher levels of marital discord and lower in socioeconomic status than did parents of secure attachment. Also, marital discord, difference of age between parent (more ten years) and low income family was significantly related to the attachment disorder.

Explicit memory for threat and non-threat stimuli was examined in Iranian adolescents aged between 11 to 18 years. Clinically anxious (n=29), subclinically anxious (n=27), and normal controls (n=29) were matched for age, gender and academic performance. Participants asked to encode the stimuli words including threat, depression, positive and neutral words, presented on a screen one after another. Content-specificity hypothesis predicts anxious individuals should show a memory bias favouring anxiety information. However, Williams et al’s theory does not predict such a bias. The present study conducted to examine the two different theories. In sum, the results support the Williams et al’s theory. Although, anxious patients compared to the sub-clinically anxious individuals, show a memory bias towards threat words. The difference between the two anxious groups and theoretical implications with regard to the two theories are discussed.