مجله فیض
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1385)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer througout the world. Incident rate of CRC is different depending on geographical area. The cause of CRC is multifactrial, including diet, environment and genetic. P53 gene is the most important tumor suppressor gene involved in CRC. This study was designed to detect the P53 exon 6 mutation in the colorectal cancers at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2004-2005. This study was performed on 40 colorectal patients cancer reffering to Isfahan Hospitals from 2004 to 2005. After pathological diagnosis, DNA was extracted by phenol chloroform isoamil alcohol in genetic. Exon 6 of the P53 gene was mutiplied using specific primers in a PCR assay and then the mutations were detected by gel electrophoresis and SSCP analysis. From 40 specimens, 9 (22.5%) were in the rectum and 31 (77.5%) were in the colon. 7 cases (17.5%) had P53 mutation and 33 cases (82.5%) had no mutation in exon 6. According to this study exon 6 P53 gene mutation could be considered as a current exon in colorectal cancers in Isfahan.

The purpose of the present study is the comparison between the effect of oxytocin alone or in combination with propranolol on the labor. A double blind randomized controlled trial was performed on 150 nuliparas with gestational age of 39-41 weeks of pregnancy and Bishop score of ≤5, singleton, and cephalic presentation. The patients were randomly assigned in two groups. In the first group (oxytocin group=75), oxytocin was started at the rate of 2 mIu/ml and increased to a dose of 2 mIu/ml every 15 minutes until desired contractions were obtained Then it was continued at this rate for 8 hours. If the patients entered the active phase of labor, induction would be continued until delivery otherwise, the induction would be discontinued and patients would be transferred to the pre-labor ward, and on the next day, the protocol was performed again, unless patients were entered the active phase and deliver, cesarean would be performed. In the second group (propranolol group=75 cases), before the beginning of oxytoicn, 2mg propranolol was slowly injected intravenously then the oxytocin was initiated similar to the previous group and, in the second day of induction, before beginning of oxytocin, a 2mg propranolol was injected intravenously again and inductions were performed completely like the other group. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to maternal and gestational age, primary Bishop score and neonatal birth weight. The number of patients who delivered at the first day did not show statistically significant difference between the two groups. [54 (72%) patients in Oxytocin group vs 62(82.6%) patients in propranolol group]. The mean duration for obtaining good contractions was shorter in propranolol group in the both first and second day of induction (2.59±0.87 h vs 3.7±2 h, p=0.000 for the first day and 1.8±1 h vs 3.9±0.89 h, p<0.002 for the second day). The mean interval between the beginning of induction until the beginning of active phase (3-4 cm dilatation of cervix) at the first day of induction was significantly shorter in propranolol group (3.6±1.6 h vs 5.6±2.4 h, p=0.000). The mean interval between the beginning of induction until delivery at the first day of induction was significantly shorter in propranolol group (7.67±2.5 h vs 10.18±4.1 h, p=0.000). The amount of necessary oxytocin for the first day of induction was less in propranolol group (14372.8±8209 mIu vs 11362±4013 mIu, p<0.005). The other variables did not show statistically significant difference between the two groups according to the neonatal Apgar scores of minute 1 and 5. The cesarean rate in oxytocin only group was 9 cases (12%) and in propranolol group was 7 cases (9.2%), without any significant difference. Propranolol may shorten the induction duration and labor and reduce the amount of necessary oxytocin.

Ascite is one of the most important symptoms of underlying diseases that a complete evaluation of it makes the suitable treatment possible. Because of neumerous procedures in diagnosis of ascitic fluid and inauthenticity of the information in this regard, this study was performed to evaluate the nature of ascitic fluid with two ascite-serum albumin gradient and transudate-exudate methods on hospitalized ascitic patients admitted to Shaheed Beheshti Hospital during the 1994-2003. Descriptive study with diagnostic value was performed on ascitic patients hospitalized in all age ranges. Firstly, all patients with absolute ascite, diagnosed through CT scan, sonography and parasynthesis were evaluated and then necessary demographic data and the ascitic causes i.e. cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, multiple ascite with various reasons or pancreas diseases were recorded. After taking consent, Patients were parasynthesied. Ascite liquid (50-100CC) and arm citrated blood (5CC) were taken and sent to laboratory. Total protein of ascite fluid, serum and ascitic liquid albumin were determined cytologic study, staing and acid fast and culturing were also done. After taking answers, was each case with ascite liquid protein of ≥2.5 mg/dI and the ones with the protein of <2.5 mg/dI was classified in exudates and transudate group respectively. To determine the gradient, albumin of ascite liquid subtracted from serum albumin. The patients with the result of ≥ 1.1 were put in high gradient group and those with the result of < 1.1 were classified in low gradient one. Also, sensitivity and characteristic, means, standard deviation of the two methods along with the were obtained. By sensitivity. 100 patients with ascitic were studied, 56 of whom were male with average age of (X ± SD) 55.2 ± 16.4 and the rest were female with average age of (X ± SD) 54.9 ± 15.4 61% of the patients were more than 60. The most common reason of ascite (65%) was cirrhosis. Heart failure (14%) and malignancies (11%) were classified in 2nd and 3rd ranks. The sensitivity of transude-exuda and gradient albumin 47% and 73% respectively and the characteristic of transude-exuda method to gradient albumin was 80.3%. Also agreement coeficiency was 44% (K=0.44). The highest rate of conformity and transude-exude and gradient albumin method in recognizing infectious peritonite and multiple ascite were variable reasons (100%) and hepatitic cirrhosis (89.2%). The least rate of agreement was conjestive heart failure (21.4%). The most common cause of ascite was hepatitic cirrhosis and the most agreement of two transudate-exudate and albumin gradient method, was infectious peritonitis and Mixed ascite, mean while, sensitivity and specifity of albumin gradient and specifity of transudate-exudate to albumin gradient had the highest agreement.

Androctonus crassicauda is one of the dangerous scorpions in the world and also in Iran. This kind of scorpion in tropical regions stinges a lot of people resulting in dangerous side effects and sometimes death. The study of the effects of this scorpion venom on some laboratory animals can determine the rate of clinical manifestations and help us protect people stung by scorpion. So this study has been done to examine the effects of Androctonus crassicauda venom on r at. An experimental study has been done on 82 rats of the same race and with approximate age of 2-3 months, and 200-250 gr weight. 82 rats were divided into two groups: 40 in control and 42 in experimental group. 0.1cc physiologic serum was injected to each of the control group skin and 0.1 cc physiologic serum with one microlitre of fresh Androctonus crassicauda venom to each of experimental group. The clinical manifestations before death and mortality rates in two groups were compared and analyzed with statistical test of Fisher. The injection of Androctonus crassicauda venom into rats caused the death of 88% of experimental group. The clinical manifestations were paralysis (66%) irregular pulse (81%), twitching (55%), rhinorrhea (78.5%), salivation (40.5%), hemorrhage from eyes (71.5%) and nosebleeds (52.5%). Androctonus crassicauda venom has some roles in appearing clinical manifestations. The study of clinical manifestations in other laboratory animals can help to diagnose the effect of this venom in human being and find a suitable treatment for injured patients.

Ureaplasma urealyticum is known as a sexually transmitted agent, described as possible cause of acute pyelonephritis, PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease), chorioamnionitis, urethritis, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia in newborn, abortion and infertility. Ureaplasma urealyticum infection not only jeopardizes fertility but also poses a risk for infertility treatment and resulting pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency rate of ureaplasma urealyticum in infertile women. Specimens were taken from 312 patients, aged from 17 to 45 years. The characteristics of patients, clinical symptoms, and history of abortion were recorded. 312 endocervical swab samples were taken, and placed immediately in transport medium. Cultures were done in U broth and U agar supplemented with urea. Ureaplasma urealyticum was identified in 15% (47) of the infertile women. The isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum in young women was higher than the others (<28 age). Because of the potential adverse effects of the Ureaplasma urealyticum on the success rate of highly specialized infertility treatment, it is necessary to check this organism in infertile women

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with unknown etiology producing inflammation and degeneration of brain white matter and characterized by the replacement of gliosis tissue. This disease is considered to be multifactorial with an autoimmune component. Prolactin (PRL) is a neuroendocrine peptide with potent immunomodulatory properties. Hyperprolactinemia enhances several autoimmune disorders and may play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Considering controversies in correlation between serum prolactin level with multiple sclerosis, this study was done to compare serum PRL levels in MS patients with those in healthy persons referred to neurological centers of Kashan during 2004-2005. This is an analytical survey (Case control) evaluating the serum prolactin level in 35 patients with clinically definite Multiple Sclerosis and 35 healthy controls. Fasting blood sample was drawn and measured with ELISA Kits and RIA method and t test were used to analyze data. The mean age in this group was 32.3±6.4 years (Mean±SD) and 28 (80%) patients were 20–40 y/O. This study showed that weakness, visual and paresthesia disturbance were the most common initial presentations with a prevalence of 80%, 34.2% and 57.1% respectively. This study indicated that relapsing-remitting MS was the most common clinical pattern with a prevalence of 54.2%. The mean level of prolactin in patients was 350.5±114.8 and in control group it was 160/7±57/6 (p<0.001). Serum prolactin level has significantly increased in definite Multiple Sclerosis patients. These findings suggest that an increase of serum prolactin can be a sensitive indicator for MS and prolactin antagonist agent administration is seriously considered to reduce the complications of MS in future. Experimental studies are recommended for thorough evaluation of antagonists efficacy.

Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic protozoan parasite, causing different symptoms such as dysentery and amebic abscess, which is morphologically indistinguishable from nonpathogenic E. dispar. This study was performed for differential diagnosis of two E. by PCR method. Matrials & A total of 450 stool samples were collected from the patients reffering to the clinical laboratory of Taleghani Hospital. The samples were examined by direct and formaline detergente methods. Five cases of E. histolytica or E. dispar were reported and stool samples were sent to the Department of Parasitology & Mycology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health services. After cultivating in Robinson’s medium and indentifying, DNA was isolated and E. histolytica or E. dispar were recognized by PCR with two sets of species-primers of locus 1-2 gene. E. histolytica or E. dispar infection was reported 1.1% by direct and formaline detergent methods. PCR with those primers amplified about 430 bp fragment in four samples was identified as E. dispar. 4 isolates E. dispar were reported by PCR method. One of samples was not cultivated in Robinson’s medium and eliminated from the study. Identification of E. histolytica or E. dispar is important in clinical and an epidemiological study and PCR method is useful for differential diagnosis of two E. Species.

Migraine headache is one of the most common causes of headache which influences on th quality of life and performance of the patients. Migraine headache has some co-morbidities like depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of panic attacks in migraine patients of Baqiyatallah Hospital in 2004. In a cross-sectional study in Baqiyatallah Hospital, 85 patients who according to Internal Headache Society criteria had migraine headache, were evaluated for panic attack. Diagnosis of panic attack was made through interview and questionnaire according to DSM-IV criteria. T -Test and Chi-Square were used to analyze the data. The patients consisted of 23 males and 62 females. 41 patients (48.2%) had panic attacks 36 of whom were female. 29 patients were married. 27 patients (69%) with education of less than diploma, 10 patients (41%) with diploma and only 4 patients (18.2%) with education higher than diploma had panic attack (p<0.05). The prevalence of panic attack in the patients with migraine is higher than what was expected (48.2%). The higher education, the less panic attack.

High concentration of nitrate in drinking water is a problem due to sewage discharge into environment via agricultural activities and urbanization development. If nitrate in drinking water were higher than standard, it will be hazardous for babie. The objective of this research was to determine the nitrate concentration of water in Kashan. This was a descriptive study carried out during 2004-2005. During the study 66 samples were taken from water wells and 288 samples from distribution network. Using spectrophotometer method a spmles were analyzed. Results of the research showed that the concentration means of nitrate in distribution network was 13.2 (CI: 12.1, 14.4) and 15.4 (CI: 14.2, 16.5) mg/l in winter and summer, respectively. In addition, concentration means of nitrate in water wells was 17.1 (CI: 12.6, 21.5) and 17 (CI: 13, 20.9) mg/l in winter and summer, respectively. Also, in 6 percent of water wells Nitrate was equal to or higher than WHO standard for water quality i.e. 45 mg/l. Results of this research indicate this research the concentration means of nitrate in water wells and distribution networks were less than 45 mg/l. Because discharge of sewage to absorption well results in high concentration of nitrate of ground water in future, it is recommended to speed up the construction of sewage system of Kashan.

Poisoning is one of the significant causes of mortality and hospitalization in children. This problem occurs mostly under the age 2 and is due to accidental ingestion of drug and poisons. Since there is not any study in this field in Kashan, this study was done to evaluate the epidemiology of poisoning in children admitted at Kashan's Shaheed Beheshti Hospital during 1997-2001. This descriptive study was conducted on 119 hospitalized children due to poisoning. Patient's data such as age, sex, type of toxin, living site and clinical findings were recorded in preplanned questionnaires, then they were analyzed with c 2 test. The frequency of poisoning was 1.03%. 66.4% of the patients were boys. The most common age of children with poisoning was 1 to 4 years. The most frequent types of intoxication was drugs (42%), kerosene (31.1%) and food poisoning (10.9%). 68% of children were from urban and the others from rural areas. The most common clinical symptoms appeared in gasterointestinal tract. However, in Kerosene poisoning, the respiratory symptoms (70.2%) and in the drug intoxication the neurological symptoms (80%) were predominant. Although the frequency of poisoning is low in children, it is more common in boys, children under 5 and with drugs. So the preventive measures are necessary in this field

Due to the negative effect of stress on the quality of life this research was designed to consider the effects of relaxation techniques on the stress and the quality of life of dormitory female students at Tehran university of Medical Sciences. A field trial and before-after study was conducted on a random sample of 200 female dormitory students of Tehran Medical Sciences University. The students of two dorms were considered as the experimental group and the students of two other dorms were chosen as control group. A pretest was administered on both groups using the spielberger anxiety inventory and WHO quality of life questionnaire. Then the experimental group was instructed to do the relaxation techniques for two months. A posttest was administered on both groups after two months. The data were analyzed statistically using t test, paired t test and c 2. The mean age of samples was 22.97±2.47. Half of the control and 62% of the experimental group were between the 2-4 years of their studying. The majority of both groups were in dorms for 27.77±19.07 months. The mean score of stress for control and experimental group were 1.51 and 1.29 their mean scores of total QOL were 3.15 and 3.16 respectively. So no significant difference was detected between the quality of life scores of both groups before the intervention (p=0.87). However, significant differences were noticed between the two groups after the intervention (p<0.05). The quality of life did not significantly change in control group except for the physical health domain (p=0.02). However the scores of most of domains increased in experimental group (p<0.001). The overall quality of life score was higher in experimental group after the two months of relaxation exercises (p<0.05). The relaxation techniques can relieve the stress and improve some aspects of the quality of life. A more comprehensive study with matched random allocated groups is recommended.