Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume:13 Issue: 2, 2007

The goal of this study was to evaluate different methods of cultivating human bone cells. Five periosteal and bone specimens obtained from the human jaw were divided into small pieces in the laboratory. After the addition of trypsin and collagenase enzymes and releasing of cells, three primary periostal, endosteal, and bony chips cells were prepared. After passing the required time for the growth of specimens, lamella were prepared and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in order to determine ALP positive cells. Mean time of cellular growth was 23 days. Human bone cells have the capability of being cultured under special sterile laboratory conditions and three dimensional culturing of them can be used for reconstruction of maxillofacial region defects.

The etiology of posttraumatic arthritis has not been studied well. Although it has long been assumed that articular incongruity leads to post traumatic arthritis, clinical and basic sciences evidence to support such claim are not sufficient. On the other hand, the relationship of instability due to anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and Arthrosis has not been clearly defined and the relative importance of instability and incongruity is unknown. ACL tearing were created in right knees of 9 rabbits (group A) and ACL tearing and displaced lateral condylar fracture with 1 mm step were created in another 9 rabbits (group B). After 6 months, osteoarthritis changes were compared between control knee and injured knee of each rabbit and between the two groups. In both groups, osteoarthritis changes in injured knees were more comparing to the control knee and in whole osteoarthritis changes were significantly more in group B compared to group A. The unstable knee due to ACL deficiency goes toward osteoarthritis faster than normal knee. Incongruity in unstable joint increases intensity of osteoarthritis changes. It shows the importance of achieving anatomic reduction in intra articular fractures before ligament reconstruction.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometery (DEXA) is presently considered as the standard technique for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Since there is still no evaluation based on the correlation between scan center dose and critical organs doses, in this study after measuring surface doses of thyroid and uterus as critical organs the correlation between scan center dose and thyroid and uterus surface doses were calculated in order to assess the rate of radiation doze to patients. In this study, 40 women underwent bone densitometry of Lunar DPX-MD system with pencil beam in two scan modes of AP spine and femur, simultaneously. Then surface doses of thyroid, uterus, scan center, and background were measured by placing 433 TLDs-400 at the surface of thyroid and uterus and also scan center. Then correlation between scan center dose and critical organs surface dose were analyzed and regression functions with significant level were determined. In AP spine and femoral scanning, average surface doses of thyroid (91 TLD-400) and uterus (84 TLD-400) were 1.88±1.36 and 1.81±1.03 µGy, respectively. Scan center dose in this scanning mode was 5.70±2.38 µGy. There was significant correlation between surface doses of thyroid and uterus and scan center dose. Therefore, regression functions and correlation coefficients were calculated. The observed significant correlation between critical organs surface dose and scan center dose showed that Lunar DPX-MD with pencil beam has very low radiation, similar to background doses.

The Aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of addiction and its relationship with some demographic features, knowledge, behavior and attitude among junior and senior high school students in the city of Kerman. This cross-sectional study was done by using a self-made questionnaire including issues related to taking illicit drugs and demographic features. The questionnaires were distributed among 3500 students of whom 3318 (94.8%) returned the questionnaires. Data analysis was done by SPSS-10 software and using t-test, x2 and Odds Ratio for Trend methods. Among studied students, 58.2% were male and 41.38% were female. In males, 26.6% and in females, 11.5% had taken illicit drugs at least once. In boys the prevalence of drug abuse was as follows: alcohol 16.2%, opium 11.7%, tranquilizers 9.7%, cannabis 8.3%, anabolic androgens 8.2%, Shire (extract of opium) 7.7%, LSD 5.8%, heroin 5.5%. The prevalence in girls was as follows: opium 5.1%, alcohol 4.5%, tranquilizer 4.42%, cannabis 2.8%, anabolic androgens 2.8%, Shire 2.6%, LSD 2%, heroin 2%. As it is seen in male students the prevalence of all drugs is significantly higher comparing to female students (P<0.0001). In other words, male students use drugs more frequently than female students (P<0.0001). However in regard to this fact there was no significant difference based on the year of study. The desire for giving up was significantly more in boys (40%) compared to girls (27.2%). The most preferred option for giving up was self medication. For overcoming addiction problem students had sought advice from their intimate friends, father, and mother respectively. Students believed that they had gained most of the useful information regarding addiction from school headmasters and educating (Parvareshi) teachers, while the least affecting source of information were health teachers. According to the findings, addiction in teenagers should be considered as a serious issue. As well as opioid drugs and alcohol, attention to other drugs is also required. Organized education with feedback would be helpful, and more attention should be given to the roles of educating teachers. With regard to abstinence desire, there should be more facilities to encourage drug abusers to seek help from the consultation, rehabilitation and detoxification centers.

Iran as a large country with different climatic regions has various types of plants that a majority of them are used by locals as medicinal plants. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemistry of plants in Kerman province. A total of 30 plants species belonging to 19 families have been colldected from Shahrbabak area (in the west of Kerman province) and screened for alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, cardiac glycosid, cyanogenic glycoside and volatile oil. According to the performed tests 8 plants (27%) were positive for alkaloid, 22 cases (71%) for tannin, 4 cases (13%) for saponin, 26 cases (86%) for flavonoid, 4 cases (13%) for cardiac glycoside, 1(3%) for cyanogenic glycoside and 11(40%) for volatile oil. Pistacia atlantica, Amygdalus scoparia, Salsola baryosma and Vacaria pyramidata with more potential therapeutic effects are suggested for further researches.

In this study, the antibacterial activities of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) traditionally used as Chai-Makii, against Staphylococus aureus, Staphylococus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were investigated by cylinder –plate and bioauthography methods separately. In cylinder – plate method methanolic extract of the calyces were prepared by maceration and after concentrating the extracts, they were dried. Then the concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.2 and 3.1mg/ml of the methanolic solutions were used for searching antibacterial effects. The standard bacteria with certain concentration (0.5 Mac Far land) were inoculated on to the Muller – Hinton agar medium. Prepared extracts were dropped in cylinders and 18-24 hours after incubation and penetration of extract into the culture medium the antibacterial effects and inhibitory zone were observed. In bioauthography method, the ethyl acetate extract was prepared by decantation of methanolic extract and evaporating to dryness. Then this extract was separated by ethyl acetate: Chloroform: Methanol (32:53:15) by thin layer chromatography method. After placing TLC papers in culture medium with certain concentration of bacteria and incubation, spot of inhibitory zone appeared by using tetrazolium salts and indicated as Rf. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts in cylinder – plate method showed antibacterial effects on all six bacteria. The minimum and maximum applied concentrations were respectively 3.1 and 50mg/ml. In bioauthography method, ethyl acetate extract showed antibacterial effect on Staphylococus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and Echerichia coli in Rf =0.15 and Rf=0.75. According to ultra violet spectroscopy of these two components, they could be flavones.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of optimism, and stress appraisal on coping and psychological adjustment based on Scheier & Carver’ s and Lazarus & Folkman’ s models. Five questionnaires (Life Orientation Test-Revised, Stress Appraisal, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale and General Health Questionnaire) were administered to 208 females and 147 males that were volunteer to university entrance examination. Comparative analyses indicated that optimists and pessimists differed significantly in secondary (but not primary) appraisal. Regression analyses indicated that optimism-pessimism and stress appraisal variables account for a significant amount of the variance in coping strategies and psychological adjustment. In whole results showed that both models can predict psychological adjustment, although situational variables (stress appraisal) have greater contributions than personal variables (optimism).

Annually more than hundreds of million people undergo surgical operations and experience postoperative pain. Pain is one of the most common problems in postoperative nursing cares. This study was aimed to determine the effect of pain management by nurses on the satisfaction rate of patients undergone abdominal surgery. In this quasi experimental study, data gathering was done by using demographic and pain questionnaire, a questionnaire for patients satisfaction of nursing care and pain control visual scale (0-10). Study samples included hospitalized patients of Sabzevar Emdad Shahid Beheshti hospital who were candidates of surgery. They were selected according to Poisson distribution and the sample qualifications (aged 15-65 years…). First control group sampling was done and patients (65 patients) were asked to fill out the demographic questionnaire. Then three training sessions of 45-60 minutes about systematic management of pain were conducted for the personnel and the care process was performed on 60 experimental cases for one month. Then the satisfaction rates of patients in both groups were obtained within the first 24 hours and 72 hours after admission. The two groups were matched in regard to age, sex and surgery type (P>0.05). According to the obtained results, 98% of the control group were not satisfied of the first systematic pain management and 2% were relatively satisfied. While in the second pain management, 71% were not and 29% were satisfied of the pain management. In the experimental group, 94% were relatively satisfied and 6% were satisfied of the first pain management, while 65% were relatively satisfied and 35% were satisfied of the second pain management. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups in regard to their satisfaction rate of systematic pain management in the first 24 hours and 72 hours after admission (P<0.05). According to the findings, it seems that pain management by nurse increases the satisfaction rate of the patients undergoing abdominal surgeries and by increasing their satisfaction rate, they will be able to participate in their treatment process and consequently more comfort for the patients and higher levels of health will be provided for the community.

Hemangiomas of the uterine cervix are very rare. They are usually small and harmless. This is a case of cervical hemangioma presenting with intractable postpartum hemorrhage that made hysterectomy mandatory. This benign tumor may cause obstetrical complications.