نشریه روانشناسی پیری
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1394)

Aging is one of the stages of human life in which the lower levels of positive self-concept is common due to the erosion of some of the capabilities of the individuals. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the efficacy of structured group reminiscence on the enhancement of positive self-concept of the elderly in Hamadan. This study was quasi-experimental of pretest, post-test with control group type and its statistical method was variance analysis with repeated measure analysis. The study statistical population consists of all the elderly half-residents of nursing homes in Hamadan city. The sample was chosen from 112 elderly who were members of the nursing home of Habib Ibn Mazaher, Hamadan. Twenty elderly with age ranges of 60-82 (M=73.46, SD=5.76) qualified to participate in this study were selected and placed randomly in two control and experimental group. The elderly who were in treatment group, participated in reminiscence meetings for 24 sessions. There were used demographic questionnaire and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale: Second Edition (Fitts & Warren, 1996). In this study to record the trend of change in scores, the researchers asked the participations to fill the questionnaire in pretest, the sixth session, the twelfth session, the eighteenth session, the twenty- fourth session and one month after the intervention termination. The results showed that structured group reminiscence have significant effect on self-concept score of the elderly and these achievements were kept in a one-month follow up. Therefore, the clinical psychologists are encouraged to use structured group reminiscence to improve the positive self-concept in the elderly.

Stress is very commonin theelderly because ofthe weaknesses anddisabilities. The present studywas conductedto investigate theeffectiveness ofhappiness training on reducing stressin the Kermanshah older women.The studywas asemi-experimental design withpre-posttestdesign with control group. The study population was all elderly centers in Kermanshah city, that randomly choose a center and between elders of center twenty-two elderlywomen (M=64.4, SD=3.24) were selected based ontheavailable sampling, and assigned tothe experimental and control groups, randomly. The instruments usedwere theCoudron Stress Scale (1999, as cited in Ganji, 2001), and thedemographic questionnaire. Ten sessionsof happiness training with Matthews method (1948, translated by Afzalirad, 2005) was administeredto experimental group as biweekly; While thecontrol groupdid not receivetheintervention.Atthe end of theintervention,both groupswere evaluated again bythetest. The data wereanalyzedusinganalysis ofcovariance. The datashowed happiness trainingwas effective on reducingstress forolder women in experimental group (P<0/001).According to theeffectiveness ofhappiness training on reducingstressin older women, apparentlycan be usedtohappiness trainingfor reducing stressin older women.

Memory and sleep disorders are among the topics that create many problems for the elderly, and threat their physical and mental health. So this study was done with aim to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on elderly memory and sleeping. This was a quasi-experimental study and used pretest- posttest and follow-up with control group. The population of this study consisted of all elderly whit Parkinson’s disease that referred to research center of neurology and Parkinson’s clinic of Dr.shahidi in Tehran. The sample size of 40 patients with Parkinson were selected by available sampling and randomly were assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received elderly cognitive-behavior therapy for 10 sessions, one session each week. To collect data, the scale of Peterzburgs (1989) sleep quality and daily (1983) memory questionnaire were used. Variance analysis whit repeated measures was used to analyze data statistically. The results of variance analysis whit repeated measures showed that cognitive- behavioral therapy affect the sleep disorders of elderlies (p<0.05). The results of follow up LSD tests showed that there is a significant difference between post- test and follow up in sleep disorders and memory. So it is recommended to psychologists who work in the field of elderly use the cognitive- behavior therapy to improve the sleep quality and memory of elderly.

Researchin the field ofissuesandproblems associated withagingtoimprove the qualityof life of thisgroup, is amajorconcern ofthetoday's world. Therefore, the present studywas conducted with aim toinvestigate the relationship betweensocial supportandquality of sleep with general healthofelderly people innursing homes.The research was descriptive correlational one.The study population included all of elderly men and women with more than sixty years old that live in nursing homes of Hamedan. The study samples consisted of100 elderly(50 malesand50females) that were selected byavailable samplingmethod ofItratnursing homesin Hamadan. General HealthQuestionnaire(Goldberg, 1979), sleep qualityPittsburgh(Boyce et al.,1989)andsocial support(Wax et al, 1986)was usedto collect thedata. The results of step by step multiple regression analysisshowed thatsocial supportand sleep qualitypredict the 16.4% and5.5% of general healthof the elderly (P>0.001).The findings of this study reaffirm the important role of social support in the elderly health. Thus it is recommended to psychologists and counselors that working inthisarea, to plan programs withrevolving aroundsocial protectionto improvethe health statusof the elderly.

TOday health researchers to study the subjects in clinical and non-clinical environments, consider not only health indicators,but to examine the broader factors such as happiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the therapeutic hope in increase the happiness of the elderly. Semi-experimental research design was a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population of the study, all elderly living innursing homesin Kermanshah, Then Farzanegan's nursing hom eof Kermanshah was selected byavailable sampling method and Considering the inclusion criteria, 24 elderly people with an average age of 64 years, randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of The Hope-Therapy. The results covariance analysis showed that Hope-Therapy in the elderly has been effective in increasing happiness.Based approach to therapeutic intervention can to be an effective intervention to increase the happiness elderly used.

Due to the growing trend of the elderly population, attempts to solve their problems, including their mental health problems appear to be necessary. One of the most significant and widespread anxieties among the elderly is fear of death.The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Logotherapy on the death anxiety among the elderly.This study is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The study sample included all elderly women in the Elderly Day Centers in Kermanshah.To select sample, an elderly care center were randomly selected and among 93 elderly women members in the center, 50 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.The experimental group received the Logotherapy protocol for ten weekly sessions of one hour.Data collection instruments included Collett-Lester the Fear of Death questionnaires (1969).The result of analysis of covariance shows that the Logotherapy significantly reduced the death anxiety in the experimental group.Therefore, it is suggested to psychologists working in the field of elderly to take advantage of this treatment to reduce the anxiety of death in the elderly.

Aging is a critical period of human life in which the elderly are exposed to potential threats such as an increase in chronic diseases, social isolation and lack of social support and physical and mental inability, in many cases threaten personal independence. Thus,the aim of this study was todetermine the relationship betweenlife expectancyandpsychological well-beingwith quality of lifein elderly in Arak. This researchwasdescriptive correlational. The study sampleincluded allelderly people inthe city ofArak(N= 59214), the sample size included130elderly people inArak, whichwere selectedbyconvenience sampling. To the Data collection for the study was used by quality of lifequestionnaire(sf-36),Psychological well-beingand life expectancy scale.To analyzethedata,Stepwise MultipleRegressionwas used. The results showed that psychological well-being and quality of life in the elderly people there is a significant positive relationship (P<0.01).Also there is a significant positive relationship between life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly people.In additionwas a significantly relationship to the psychological well-being in the all components, except for autonomy, with quality of life in addition, regression analysisshowed that based onpsychological well-beingand life expectancycan bepredicted5.33ofthequality of life ofthe elderly. Therefore, by improving thecharacteristics oflifeandphysical and mental healthandprovidingindependence, healthycommunicationandstrongfamily connectionsandimprovedpsychological well-being, especially the elderly, can beenhancedtheir quality of life.