فصلنامه آموزش مهندسی ایران
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1385)

Creativity and innovation play essential and important role in progress and growth of science and education in universities in any country. The universities of our country lack creativity and innovation courses. Many creativity and innovation techniques are in world and have applications in industry and education. In this paper, TRIZ technique for education in universities will be described. TRIZ solutions can be used effectively for Inventive Problem Solving This play strategic roles in the development of research and innovation in universities and schools.

Today knowledge based societies are growing around the globe. All scientists, intellectuals, and experts emphasize on the sustainable development for their future progress programs and policies and technologies. Advances in industrial technologies are one of the major elements for sustainable development, where the engineers are one of the main groups responsible for such industrial progresses. Regarding the above objectives, in this article attempt is made to distinguish different organizations which are policy makers for science and industries in our country. Their mutual correspondences to enhance such goals with respect to innovation are illustrated and explained in detail. It looks that innovation has become the key feature for any objective in the future of science and technology foresight. Concerning this fundamental principle, it is tried to develop a typical conceptual model for the science and technology progresses related to engineering based on science creation, science publication and science utilization.

Considering the ever-increasing development of management know-how with various subdivisions and approaches, scientists and researcher have widened the area of their research and theoretical discussions and have enriched the know-how. However, when it comes to practicing managerial approaches and using them as tools for executive managers, the complication of methods and the variety of approaches give mangers a hard time to apply them to the system. This article tries to analyze two different approaches in process management with their different practical usages as one of the most efficient and sensible subdivisions of management know-how. These approaches include resource- and approach-oriented ones in management and especially compilation of organization strategic plans. Afterward, based on the technology management functions, a new approach as the technology-oriented approach with the emphasis on the concept of normal technologies is introduced. In the meantime, this article focuses on clarifying the relation between organizational resources and its accumulated know-how, and also the relation between know-how and technology. This is how the practical ways of organizational management arisen from the related management mechanisms.

Although tens of thousands of students are engaged in research activities and billions of Rials are spent on research projects, the country still imports basic technology and pays for ordinary technical know-how and research, which is the basic requirement for modernization, has not gained its rightful position. In most countries, politicians, for their political ends, have often manipulated research activities. Third world countries have their own problems. In this paper the shortcomings of research management and the waste of research money in developing countries, in mimicking the industrial world and duplicating their research work for propaganda purposes at the expense of ignoring the domestic needs are discussed. A line is drawn between pure and industrial research. Attention is drawn to the importance of the industrial research in national welfare. The significance of the “national share of technical innovations in global production of technology” is highlighted. The importance of setting a balance between pure and applied research is discussed. It is suggested that the country’s needs for technical know-how to be obtained through domestic research. Applied research projects should be conducted through legal research contracts.

This century is referred to as information century. Information technology is a novel field that study information gathering, processing and distribution. One of the most important branches in IT is security. A network has been the base of industrial control systems for over decades. As long as the security was based on total isolation, there was no need to make any special networking security considerations. Only recently, when the industrial networks have become wider and even connected to the Internet, the security topic has become vital. Any intrusion to an industrial control system can be very dangerous, especially for critical government infrastructures. This paper discusses the computer control systems used within process control industries, their similarities, and network architectures. Also common attackers and some of security methods against intrusion are considered.

There is a close relationship between growth and development of each country with engineering sciences. The findings of many researches in this field indicate that in spite of many countrie's interest and extended effort for absorbing students to engineering and basic science, a small number of students entered these fields. Meta analysis of the research indicates that one of the main reasons for this issue is the method of science teaching before entering university (school and high school). On the other hand, studies by Teems group confirm the unfavorable science teaching methods in many countries, especially in Iran. Some experts believe that for improving the current situation of science, we should examine different methods for organizing content and teaching it. One of these approaches is to pay attention to new technologies and try to use them in teaching process. Research findings indicate that for making a new revolution and change in teaching of science, the use of technology should be considered as a principle in whole process of teaching and learning. In addition, one way of communication between teacher and students should be changed info mutual way. For providing essential technologies, funds should be provided, too. Performing this new role requires that instructors and students have capability for using technologies and believe that it is effective in teaching and learning process. In other way, the use of technology would not be effective. Therefore, by presenting new strategies, instructors would be aware of their weaknesses in using new technology for averting them. With regard to the results of other research, the following issues will be discussed in this article: the importance of using technology, the role of technology in teaching and learning of science and barriers for using it. At the end, suggestions will be provided for how technology should be used in science education.

Private universities with the aim of improving the educational needs of public universities have been established in Poland. The Polish have made significant achievements in higher education. Students are now learning both theoretical concepts and applied industrial aspects as professional engineers with Germans, collaboration. The industrial projects are supported financially by the German industrial sectors and the courses frame works are being designed and controlled by both German and Polish universities. The students can participate in analyses of industrial problems in Germany after completing the theoretical concepts.