فصلنامه دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 27-28 (بهار و تابستان 1385)

Hyperactivity-attention deficit are disorders with a conspicuous prevalence (3 to 5 percent) that is characterized at the beginning of school education period and results in serious problems for the individual. Family and the school educationally, behaviorally and communicatively, Thus the present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of each of the therapeutic methods including behavioral, behavioral-cognitive pharmaceutical and combinational (a combination of the methods mentioned). the subjects of the present study were 9-14 year-old referrals to psychiatry and counseling centers. They were recognized as sufferers from the disorder based on the results of a psychiatry interview and the CSI-4 questionnaire. 75 subjects were randomly selected from among all the referrals and were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one control group (15 in each). The independent variable of the study consisted of the therapeutic methods, which were applied to the therapeutic groups during 10 sessions of treatment: the dependent variable was thd degree of ADHD disorder. The techniques and methods assigned to the therapeutic groups consisted, respectively, of: coupon economics and the operant conditioning for the behavioral therapy, Mikenbam k self-instruction method for the behavioral-conditiive group, prescribing Ritalin for the pharmaceutical group and finally all the above mentioned methods for the combinational group. The control group received no intervention during this period. The posttest was administered to the experimental and the control groups simultaneously one week after the accomplishment of the therapeutic intervention. The results of the study were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc. The results indicated that there has been a significant difference between the effectiveness of the therapeutic methods and ADHD (P< 0.05 and F 4 4.70=69.504). The tukey post-hoc indicated that there was a significant difference, in terms of the pretest=posttest score differences and ADHD symptom elimination, between behavioral and pharmaceutical (P<0.05), between behavioral and combinational (P< 0.05), between behavioral and control (P<0.05), between behavioral-cognitive and combinational (P<0.05), between behavioral-cognitive and control (P<0.05), between pharmaceutical and control (P<0.05), also between combinational and control (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the behavioral and behavioral-cognitive (P<0.05), between behavioral-cognitive and pharmaceutical (P<0.05), also, between pharmaceutical and combinational (P<0.05).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of effective talk training on marital conflict. For this purpose, forty married people with marital conflicts were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received six sessions of effective talk training and the control group was on the waiting list. The marital conflict test was administered for all the couples at the pre-test and post-test.SPSS Software was used for analyzing the data. Statistical analyzing was covariate. The results respectively showed that there were significant differences between expermental group and control group regarding the reduction of marital conflict (P< 00). There were no significant differences between the two experimental. Groups. In addition, effective talk training was effective on decreasing subtests of cooperation, sexual relationship, increasing. emotional reactions, children's protection and separate financial subjects.

This study was focused on the effect of cognitive behavioral training on academic achievement of first grade female students in lsfahan high schools. Therefore, 60 female students of Isfahan high schools were selected using the random cluster sampling method and were devided in to two experimental and control groups, each consisting of 30 students. The materials of this study were as follows: teacher-made tests used for assessment of academic achievement of students, and also eight sessions of cognitive behavioral trainings which were provided by the researcher as the independent variable and was confirmed by the High School Prep counselling professors. The research hypothesis was as follows: The cognitive behavioral training improves the academic achievement of first grade female high school students of training group as compared to the control group. The results of analysis of covariance showed that: according to eta coefficient, 29% of individual differences in academic achievement scores for the students could be explained by the effect and this confirmed the research hypothesis (P 0.01). The research results regarding the type of lesson and group interaction revealed that there was no difference between the type of lesson (memorial and nonmemorial).

The main purpose of this study was to compare the mental profile of male and female chidren in terms of clinical criteria (Diagnostic, Depression, Aggression, in ferocity feeling and regression). In order to investigate the mental profile of children and compare male and female children's drawings in three socio-economic states (high, average and low) in different drawing factors 150 children were selected (75 male and 75 female) from the age group of six year olds from different kindergartens in Isfahan. The data were collected using Family Drawing Test and Fried's drawing taw and intterview with children and were analyses. The results showed that: 1) A significant difference between the girls and boys in terms of depression in Family Drawing test (P= 0.004), (F= 8.4). 2) A significant difference between the girls and boys in terms of depression (P= 0.005), (F= 3.7) and diagnosis (P=0.008), (F= 7.15) in Fried's Drawing test. 3) A significant difference in terms of socio-economic status of children of low and high socio-economic status (P= 0.008) and children of average and low soci-economic status (P= 0.005). There was no significant difference related to other diagnostics factors.

The purpose of this study was to compare factors related to life expectancy in 20-60 year old residents of Isfahan. Therefore two samples were randomly selected. the first sample consisted of 350 registered official deaths of individuals during the year 2003. The second sample consisted of 135 residents from three regions of Isfahan. The three regions were randomly selected from 11 regions of the city. the information about the following variables in the first sample was gathered: date of birth and death, gender and cause of death. A questionnaire called factors related to life expectancy questionnaire (FRLEQ) was constructed based on the information obtained from various sectors in the literature. This questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire containing information about the gender, age, height, weight, marital status, number of family members and children, education, and income were administered to the second sample. The FRLEQ items were factors analyzed and the following sub-scales were identified: cigarette avoidance, exercise, general characteristics, medical care, psychological condition and nutrition pattern. It was hypothesized that there would be signinficant diffrencess between age and gender groups. the results of analysis of covariance showed that the difference between the mean total scores of life-related factors of age groups was not significant. However, with regard to sub-scales 30-34 and 55-59 year-old people avoided smoking significantly less than three other age groups (p= 0.02). Also, 40 year-old people and older had significantly less tendency to do exercise than younger individuals (p= 0.05).The psychological characteristics were significantly higher in the following age groups: 20-24, 30-34 and 50-54 years old (p= 0.001). The general characteristics were significantly higher in the following age groups: 20-24, 55-59 and over 60 (p= 0.03). The percentage of risk factors leading to death was significantly higher for 20-24 and 60 year-olds (p= 0.001). The differences between the age groups with regard to medical care and nutrition pattern were not significant. However, the percentage of death risk in 20-24-year olds was higher in men and in 60-year olds was higher in women (p= 0.003).

The aim of this research was to investigate and compare depression between children and adolescents in normal families and those who were divorce applicants in Isfahan. For this purpose, the following questions were posed: What is the prevalence of depression in children with normal families? What is the prevalence of depression in children with the families who are divorce applicants? What is the difference in depression between children in normal families and those who are divorce applicants? What is the relationship between depression and demographic characteristics in families who are divorce applicants? The statistical population comprised the children and adolescents between 8 to 16 years old in families whith family problems referred to the Divorce Center of Isfahan in the first 6 months of 1383. The chosen sample was 117 children of families who were divorce applicants. The two measurement instruments were: 1) Depression questionnaire (CDI): the questions were taken from kovacs questionnaire (1981) (27-question form) and the reliability coefficient was estimated by means of Corneback's alpha (0.85). 2) The demographic characteristics questionnaire: the questions were about the individual and social characteristics of children. The results showed that: the prevalence of depression was 8 percent in children with normal families. The prevalence of depression was 26 percent in children with the families who were divorce applicants. The results of (T-student) analysis showed that the difference between depression mean notes in children with normal families and children with the divorce applicant's families was significant (P=0). There was a significat relationship 0.129 between depression notes in children and the divorce in their parents (P=0.033), and there was a significant relationship 0.269 between depression in children and the duration of arguments in their parents (P=0). Meanwhile, the relationship between depression notes in children and their father's education was -0.221 which ws significant (P=0). There was a significant relationship -0.235 between depression notes in children and their mother education (P=0/002). The relationship between depression notes in children and their mother's job was 0.166, which was significant (P=0.004). The relationship between depression notes in children and their father's jobs was 0.155, which was significant (P=0.005). There was no significant relationship between depression notes and the other variables such as the difference between parent's age, the number of family members, economic and housing status and family income.

The purpose of this research was to study the relation between job search self-efficacy and job search beliefs with job search behavior by using correlation method. The samples were 70 women unemployed. who referred to Shahrekord's Red Crescent Organization. The subjects were selected randomly and for data collection job search self efficacy, job search beliefs and job search behavior questionnaires were used. Two levels of inferential and descriptive statistics especially multiple correlation and multiple regression were used for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses. The Study hypotheses were: (a) job search self-efficacy predicts job search behavior. (b) job search beliefs predict job search behavior. The results demonstrate that job search self-efficacy and job search behavior are related positively and significantly and there is no positive relation between job search beliefs and job search behavior.

The first aim of this research has been to determine the role and share of each personality type, locus of control and occupation satisfaction variable on occupational exhaustion. The second purpose was to determine the effectiveness of stress inoculation Training (SIT) on decreasing the occuptional exhaustion and increasing occupational satisfaction. In order to access these aims, among the staff who had participated in training courses on the job in Iran Kodro Factory, a sample with 310 staff members were selected from 22 classes; and administrated the occupational exhaustion, personality type, locus of control and occupatonal satisfaction tests, and then among all 52 persons who gained more than one standard deviation over the mean on the occupational exhaustion test, 40 subjects were randomly selected and again divided randomly into two experimental and control groups (each group 20 subjects). The eiperimental group received (stress Inoculation Training in nine 45-minute sessions. The techniques and methods used for the experimental group acquainted with career stresses, discussion about cnosequences and difficulties of stress, the role of thoughts and beliefs in revealing stress and its relationship with occupational exhaustion and job dissatisfaction, administarting techniques of creating mental imagery, cognitive reproduclion realization, problem solving, stopping thoughts, self-sufficiency, etc. The research results were first. There was a meaningful direct relationship between occupational exhaustion and personality type. Second there was a meaningful reverse relationsip between occupational exhaustion and locus of control. Third, there was a meaningful reverse relationship between occupational exhausion and occupational satisfaction. (P< 0.01) The results of multiple regression analysis showed that personality type, locus of control and occupational satisfaction can anticipate occupational exhaustion. In gradation the first in occupational satisfaction, locus of control is second, and personality type is last. The conclusion obtained from experimental and control group indicatoe that stress Inoculation Training method in effective in reducing occupational exhaustion (P<0.01) and increasing occupational satisfaction.

This research was aimed at better understanding and apprectation of the physical characteristics, psychological health, social relations, social environments, and the families of patients afflicted with thalassemia in order to make use of the findings in identifying these patient's condition, perceiving qualitative aspects of their lives, and finding solutions to assist and support them. The subjects in this study were patients over 14 afflicted with thalassemia major laong with their families who had referred to Sayyed Ashohada Hospital in Isfahan to receive special services. 100 patients with thalassemia major (60 girls and 40 boys) and a hundred of their parents (24 men and 76 women) were selected randomly. In the current study recourse was made to WHO's life quality questionnaire, which evaluates life quality within four domains of "physical health", "psychological health", "social relations", and "living environment". Moreover, all the subjects filled in the demographic questionnaire associated with the study. The gained data gained were analysed by T and F statistical analyses, a computer program, and SPSS. After the analysis of the scores in the patient's life quality questionnaire along with that of their parents, results indicated that the mean score related to three aspects of life quality (physical health, psychological health, and social evironment) was significantly higher than the mean (c= 3) but with regard to social relations, the mean score for the life quality of patients with thalassemia major was significantly lower than the mean. Furthermore, the analysis of the data showed that from among patient's demographic variables and those of their families, the variables of "teenager's gender" and "teenager's education", "the number of family members" and parent's education" had a significant relation with the aspects of life quality.

In the current study the relationship between the locus of control and the amount of group acceptance and educational performance among the students of the Islamic Azad university, Ahwaz Branch has been studied. The subjects included 240 students selected randomly. This study is a descriptive and correlational one. In order to measure the research hypotheses, Rotter internal-external locus of control questionnaire and Moreno sociometry test were used. For data analysis, Pearson coefficient of correlation, multivariate regression analysis and t-test for independent groups were used. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between external locus of control and educational performance (r= 0.48 and P<0.001). Also there is a significant negative relationship between the locus of control and group acceptance (r= -0.24 and P< 0.001). on the other hand, multivariate regression analysis showed that the multivariate coefficient is higher than the simple ones (r= 0.55 and P< 0.001). So, the locus of control and group acceptance variables can significantly affect the educational performance of the students. In addition, using the t-test the comparison of the scores of the locus of control and group acceptance showed that-from the marital status and sex point of view-there is no significant difference between the scores.