فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 7 (تابستان 1385)

Cognitive studies of entrepreneurs are in order to find a knowledge-base explanation about concepts which are important for entrepreneurship phenomenon. Seeking opportunity, creativity and innovation and risk taking are the most important concepts for entrepreneurs. To distinguish entrepreneur from non entrepreneur people and curriculum and pedagogy development, it is necessary to study their attitudes, mentalities and mind sets. Effectiveness and efficiency (productivity) of entrepreneurship training courses can be evaluated base on entrepreneurial intention, self-efficiency and decision to start an entrepreneurial activity. This paper explains knowledge, human memory, Types of knowledge, cognitive styles and predispositions; and finally discuss about their applications in entrepreneurial activities.

In this paper after an introduction about the necessity of innovation in an increasingly competitive global economy, part of the existing government-level technological innovation programs managed by Ministry of Industry and Mine is briefly described with special attention given to the technology and industry. Some of he challenges facing the program is also highlighted.

Intellectual property and intangible asset issues are one of the main concerns of the business world, today. Intangible asset mostly originates from intelligent and research activities and is represented as Trade secrets, patents, industrial designs, copyrights, etc. Intellectual property (IP) rights mean the legal rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. It is inevitable that IP awareness and knowledge must be increased among Iranian inventors and companies. Learning about patent and patenting procedures before the national and regional IP offices are of great importance to all of the people involved in this regard. The concepts of patents, patentability and general guidelines of preparing an invention report for patenting have been reviewed in this article.

This article has been prepared in an attempt to introduce the reader implication of knowledge management and culture of knowledge in the process of higher education development. It consists of three parts. The first part is designed to give the reader an analytical and historical insight into the major challenge in knowledge management involves organizational culture of knowledge sharing. The second part, the main body of the article, devoted to Explored the importance of creation, development management of this strategic and its implication at universities and higher education institutions. In the final part, the role of information technology, human resource, and methods in the process of knowledge management will be discussed.

Forecasting the future is very important for business owners, while it is not difficult to discover it. Scientists and economists regularly uncover trends by analyzing: patterns in government and corporate research policies; new technological advancements and discoveries; market supply and demand fluctuations; and present moods, needs and spending habits of consumers. But for small businesses owners, there are many books, papers and web sites about new trends and megatrends. They talk about future changes such as: Shifting the global axis of power and influence from West to East, or underlying Asia rapid modernization include a shift from central government control to free-market economies, the emergence of female entrepreneurs, mass migration to cities and a resurgent individualistic spirit that rejects welfarism. These patterns can be uncovered through the computer analysis of large amounts of data taken from databases, polls, news clippings, or any other medium where information can be accumulated. From these patterns - as well as knowledge of past tendencies, historical cycles, an empirical understanding of human nature, and primitive gut reactions – they piece together astoundingly accurate predictions. This paper introduces new patterns and megatrends to business owners in order help them to plan their strategy and approach for sustaining their customers and their businesses.

Universities are undergoing a second revolution these days, in corporate economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university integrates economic development as an additional function. The capitalization of knowledge takes many different forms that are discussed in this article.