مجله فیض
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 39، پاییز 1385)

From Two highly metastatic prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 expresses PTEN gene while PC3 is null for it. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene whose primary function is lipid phosphatase herewith PTEN antagonizes the PI3K activity. Phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K) is involved in modulating basement membrane’s protein degradation, angiogenesis and neovascularization making possible cellular migration. There are several articles reporting up-regulation of PI3K gene in different kinds of metastatic cancers. Since despite of bearing functional PTEN, DU145 cell line manifest highly metastatic potential (as well as PC3 cells) it was interesting for us to know if there was any differences in PI3K isoforms expression patterns between these two cell lines. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and mRNA content was analyzed (through three different reverse transcriptase enzymes) using RT-PCR method. Unexpectedly data showed both of the cell lines express identical isoforms. Here, as the first report, we introduce P110α catalytic subunit and P85 adapter protein from class IA, PI3K-C2 from class II and Vps34p from class III of PI3K super family as PI3K isoforms which expressed by PC3 and DU145 cells. We propose to search for DU145 metastatic potential in inequality of PI3K isoforms supply. In this regard we are going to quantify each isoform mRNA individually for both PC3 and DU145 cells using Real-Time RT-PCR method.

Prenatal exposure to alcohol can result in fetal alcohol syndrome, first defined in the early 1970s, and is characterized by growth retardation, facial dysmorphologies, and a host of neurobehavioral impairments. Alcohol drinking has led to serious problems including health, ethical, social, economical etc. According to Islam rules alcohol can be freely used for all purposes except as a drink. Using radial maze we explored effects of alcohol on spatial learning memory in the rats born from the mothers administered by alcohol during different part of pregnancy period consisting of 1- first and 2- second half, and, 3- first, 4- second 5- third and forth 5 days of pregnancy period. Control group born from mothers reared in normal condition. The criterion for learning was two consecutive trials in which the animal enters all baited arms with no error. Our findings resulted in a superiority of the control group on the groups receiving alcohol during either the first or the second half of pregnancy period. In addition, the animals exposed to alcohol in the first half outperformed those in the second half of prenatal life. Thus, we concluded that the first half of the pregnancy period is more sensitive to alcohol effects. No noticeable variation was evident between the control group and the animals exposed to alcohol during the second half of the fetal life. All together, the present data led us to conclude that exposing the animals to ethanol during the fetal life can impair spatial learning. Moreover, the second 5 days of prenatal life is more sensitive to alcohol effects. From these considerations it can be said that alcohol impairs leaning in the animals via affecting a well-known area of brain involving in spatial leaning and memory hippocampus.

I n this study Gd-hematoporphyrin and Gd-DTPA-C595 monoclonal antibody are used as specific contrast agents in detection of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The spin-lattice relaxation time, Gd concentration and signal intensity of the washing solutions of contrast agents are presented and the results are compared. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were incubated with Gd-H, Gd-DTPA-C595, Gd-DTPA, and Gd-Cl3. After centrifuging, the washing solutions was studied for concentration of Gd by UV‑spectrophotometry, and also by measuring spin-lattice (T1) relaxation time and produced signal intensity using NMR. The highest relaxation time was 1026± 63.7 ms, and 1123± 26.9 ms and so the lowest signal intensity (170%, and 180%) was for washing solutions of Gd-H, and Gd-DTPA-C595 incubated with the cancer cells. It is found that these agents have attached to cell membrane of cancer cells, and so their amount is trivial in the washing solution. The shortest relaxation time and so highest signal intensity was for Gd-Cl3 which indicates that there is no binding of this agent with cancer cells membrane. It can be concluded that Gd-H, and Gd‑DTPA‑C595 are promising contrast agents for the detection of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in MRI.

Considering the importance of removal of these solutes in chronic renal failure patients, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of increasing ultrafiltration on clearance of middle molecules in low-flux hemodialysis in Kashan, 2005. Twenty one hemodialysis patients, 11 women and 10 men, were enrolled to this clinical before-after study. At the first stage the patients were dialyzed with ultrafiltration equal to their dry body weight. At the second stage two liters was added to the ultrafiltration and clearance of each solute was calculated in both stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and square T test. T here was a significant difference in clearance of ß2-microglobulin and vitamin B12 in second stage in comparison with the first one (p<0.03, p<0.001), res pectively. While there was no difference in clearance of small molecules P, BUN, and Cr. (p=0.97, r=0.24, p=0.36). In first hemodialysis KT/V was 1.12 and in the second 1.22. It was shown that in low-flux hemodialysis the increase in ultrafiltration results in increased clearance of middle molecules. Ultrfiltration increase also improve, the adequacy of hemodialysis but it doesn’t affect removal of small molecule.

Development of efficient and effective systems is one of the aims of Medical centers.Standards are criteria for evaluation of affairs and without them, evaluation is impossible.this study was carried out to determine the extent of application of standard to Medical records department. This is a descriptive study.and all of Kashan Hospitals are enrolled to it. Data were collected by direct observation and completion of a questionnaire about procedures and practices, equipments, environment and personels of medical recording departments of the Hospitals.Collected data were analysed with scaling. Findings showed that scale of paying attention to standards was 61%. Procedures and practices had a scale with 55/8%. Statistic unit had least scale with 53/5% and coding unit had the highest scale with 65/2%. Totally, paying attention to medical records department standards was in middle level.Lack of procedural standards was the most important defect.

Considering the increasing prevalence of knee joint pain and its complications and lack of adequate information about its causes this study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of knee joint osteoarthritis and its risk factors in patients referring to out patient departments of Kashan in 2004. One thousand patients with knee joint pain enrolled to this cross sectional descriptive study. Knee joint X-ray was obtained from patients with signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and those complying the criteria of American Society of Rheumatology (ACR), were selected and their demographic data including age, sex, weight, body mass index (BMI), history of trauma to knee, and smoking were recorded and analyzed with Chi square, and Fisher Exact tests. Three hundred and fifty patients (35%) had knee joint arthritis. From 350 patients 43 (12.3%) were male, and 307(87.7%) female. The most common age range of involvement in both males and females was 50-59. The most common BMI range was 30-40 Kg/m². Thirty seven (10.5%) of patients had history of severe trauma to knee joint. This study showed that the most important risk factor for knee joint osteoarthritis in adult is heavy weight. Previous injuries to the knee joint and occupational factors are other important factors.

The charter of patients’ right has designed to support medical care to patients without any discrimination. It is a very effective way for facilitation of patients and health care providers’ relationship. It is a descriptive cross sectional study on 285 physician and nurses. Data collected by completion of a questionnaire and analyzed with Chi Square test. it was found that 74.5% of physicians and nurses are agree with the charter, and the highest agreement was for keeping privacy of the patients information (95.84%). There was no significant difference between physicians and nurses and in males and females. In spite of general agreement with the patients’ right charter it seems that there are different concepts between health care providers and patients, and it needs special plans for solving this problem.

Kashan's rose-water has a high celebrity in Iran and around the world. Rose-water has used in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of cardiac and rheumatic pain and in food indust r ies such as production of ice cream and cookies. This research is conducted for determination of essence value of produced Rose-water in Kashan, Spring of 2005. This study was a descriptive study. Rose-water samples were collected from workshops, factories and supplying centers in Kashan in 2005 (398 samples) and transferred to lab. In the laboratory, chemical tests for determination of the essence value were carried out according to the Pantan method. Minimum acceptable of Rose-water essence is 12mg/100cc, thus, any Rose-water is classified to three type light (0.1- 11.9), middle (12-35) and high (> 35). Findings were analysed by the use of t test. Essence quality of produced Rose-water in Rose-water workshops and supplying shops showed that essence values were 76.7% of the workshops and 27.5% of supplying shops higher than 12mg/100 (p<. 0001). Thus, essence value of factories were higher than 12mg/100 (58.3%). Essence value of Rose-waters were acceptable in most factories but essence value samples in most supplying shops were low. Thus, Kashan health politician’s and administrators should arrange appropriate strategies for standardization and increasing of rose-water quality.

Pain relief is necessary for all ill children. Nowadays many drugs and techniques are used for relief of pain. Cooling the site of injection and local pressure are two of the used techniques. We decided to compare the effect of topical cooling and local pressure of the injection site before intramuscular injection on pain severity in children. Methods and materials: Ninety children between 5 to 12 years old in Neyshabour city clinics were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups. group 1: topical or manual pressure, group 2: topical cooling, group 3: control group. Data were collected by the completion of questionnaire and observation sheets and pain measured with Oucher scale and visual analog scale. Data analysis was done with SPSS software. Mean of pain severity on Oucher pain scale, in topical pressure group was 26.8 ± 1.1, in topical cooling 39.2 ± 1.54 and routine injection 86.7 ± 1.06. Cruscal Valise exam showed, severity of pain in group 1(topical pressure) was significantly less than the other two groups (p<0/0001). There was significant difference between the two test groups and control group in mental responses, so that it was lesser in the group 1 (topical pressure) than the others. Application of manual compression to intramuscular injection site, compared with topical cooling and routine injection could decrease pain intensity and mental responses in children.

Preterm delivery is one of the important problems in obstetrics and finding a way for its prediction and prevention has always been under investigation. This study carried out to determine whether human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) detected in cervicovaginal secretion of patients with symptoms suggestive of preterm labor is a predictor of preterm birth, and to determine the cut-off values for HCG in prediction of delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy. 150 pregnant women with gestational age 24-34 weeks and diagnosis of preterm labor and intact membrane were enrolled to the study. The patients were allocated in two groups and HCG in cervicovaginal secretion was measured in all of them. The patients were followed until their delivery and were divided in two groups. Seventy one cases delivered after 37 weeks of pregnancy (term) and 79 before 37 weeks (preterm). The amount of HCG in cervicovaginal secretion of the two groups was compared. Mean concentration of HCG in cervicovaginal secretion in term group was 7.9 ± 34.1 miu/ml and in preterm group 61.12 ± 66.84 miu/ml which was statistically significant (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the cervical HCG concentration, gestational age at the time of sampling (p<0.01, r=0.2), cervical dilatation (p<0.001, r=0.54) and cervical effacement (p<0.001, r=0.43), and a significant negative correlation between the cervical HCG concentration, gestational age at the time of delivery (p<0.001, r=-0.4). The cut-off value for cervical HCG concentration, its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy for determination of delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy were 9.5 miu/ml, 92.4% (95%CI= 83.6-96.9), 87.3% (95%CI= 76.8-93.7), 89%, 91.27% and 90%, respectively. However, these characteristics for HCG concentration of 10.5 miu/ml were 79.7% (95%CI =68.9-87.6), 93% (95%CI =83.7-97.4), 92.6%, 80.5% and 86% respectively, and for HCG concentration of 13.5 miu/ml were 73.4% (95%CI= 62.1-82.4), 98.6%(95%CI =93.1-99.9), 98.3%, 76.9% and 85.3% respectively. Quantitative HCG concentration measurement from cervicovaginal secretions may be a useful predictor of preterm birth in symptomatic patients. This test has the advantage of low cost and wide availability.

Morgagni Hernia is an uncommon congenital abnormality usually occurring in right side. This paper introduces it in a 15-month old girl admitted to Shaheed Beheshti Hospital of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. With a very are Lt. Side Hernia. A 15-month old girl referred with fever and bloody vomiting. Paraclinical studies including X-ray studies of upper GI system revealed Morgagni Hernia. In celiotomy stomach was not found in the abdomen. If had had passed to Lt chest cavity through a defect in anterior part of diaphragm and was entrapped and strangulated there. It was released and returned to the abdomen and fixed. The baby discharged with a good condition. This Hernia causes repeated lung infections, cough and vomiting, more importantly it may cause strangulation and necrosis of visceral organs and compromise the patients life, so its in time diagnosis is very critical. It is recommended hat whenever there is any abnormality in chest x-ray including air and fluid behind morbidity and mortality.