فهرست مطالب

رستنیها - سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، پاییز و زمستان 1385)

نشریه رستنیها
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، پاییز و زمستان 1385)

  • ویژه نامه 2
  • 402 صفحه،
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1386/05/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 25
|
  • H.Akhani Page 19
    This paper provides a synopsis of all published volumes of the mammoth work “Flora Iranica” edited by the eminent Austrian botanist the late Prof. Karl Heinz Rechinger (1906-1998) and gives a bibliographic list of his botanical publications on Iran and some adjacent areas. From 1963 to 2005, 176 fascicles of Flora Iranica were published with 9977 species and 1471 genera. A total number of 3318 species was mentioned as endemic to the Flora Iranica area (33%), out of which 1490 species are known as endemic to Iran (24%). All 176 volumes of Flora Iranica, include 10065 text pages and 5873 pages of high quality black/white tabulae (pictures) of herbarium specimens and 204 colour illustrations of 397 pictures. Ninety seven botanists from 20 countries have contributed to Flora Iranica. The completion of Flora Iranica awaits only the remaining parts of Astragalus, the second part of Scrophulariaceae (Antirrhineae) and the Pteridophytes. The main language of Flora Iranica is “Latin”. According to published fascicles of Flora Iranica and other published data after the Flora Iranica, the total number of Iranian flora is about 7300 species.
    Keywords: K.H. Rechinger, Flora Iranica, Flora of Iran, Irano, Turanian area, Endemism
  • F.O.Khassanoy, F.Memariani Page 63
    Allium joharchii is described as a new species belonging to Irano-Turanian sect. Eremoprasum (Kamelin) F.O. Khass., R.M. Fritsch et Friesen. Key for determination of all the species of this section is given.
    Keywords: Allium joharchii, Khorasan, Iran
  • M.Sheidai, Sh.Khanafshar, Sh.Zojajifar Page 71
    Phenetic studies were performed on 97 populations of 13 Tulipa species and varieties belonging to the subgenus Tulipa of Iran in order to reveal inter-population variations, inter-specific differences and relationships as well as checking taxonomic position of T. ulophylla. Statistical analyses showed that, populations differ significantly in most of the quantitative morphological characters while species differ significantly in certain characteristics, which may be used in the species delimitation. Clustering and discriminant analysis supported taxonomic treatment of the subgenus Tulipa and also inclusion of T. ulophylla in the section Eichleres.
    Keywords: Tulipa, Phenetic study, Clustering, Discriminant analysis
  • D.Azizian, D.Cutler, M.Gregory Page 85
    Moraceae, morphologically, is a heterogeneous family of trees, shrubs, lianes and herbs growing mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with a few species in temperate regions of both hemispheres. Leaf anatomy of 63 species in 32 genera is described. Characters of taxonomic value within the family include the shape of epidermal cells, cuticle striation and type of hairs. Characters of diagnostic importance at the family level include the occurrence of cystoliths and crystals in the mesophyll, the presence of hypodermis and laticifers, anomocytic stomata (except in Dorstenia species where mainly anisocytic), usually dorsiventral mesophyll, with a palisade tissue of 1-3 layers in several genera (but Dorstenia species with short, distinctively lobed cells). Leaf anatomy shows characteristic features within the family, but the family forms such a closely knit complex that some tribes and genera are difficult to delimit.
    Keywords: Cystoliths, Laticifers, Trichomes, Anatomy, Moraceae
  • F.Zarinkamar Page 103
    The objective of this study, is description of different types of trichome in Boraginaceae. The foliar trichome of certain members of Boraginaceae including Anchusa ovata, Asperugo procumbens, Buglossoides arvensis, Heliotropium ellipticum, Lappula barbata, Myosotis silvatica, Onosma dichroanthum, O. microcarpum and Symphytum asperum are studied. In Boraginaceae, trichome as epidermal attachments have various shapes, structure and function such as protect and support the leaf. A trichome is formed by single- or multi-celled, branched or unbranched, living or dead. Trichome as observed in Boraginaceae includes four types: a) simple unicellular short trichome (Anchusa ovata), b) bicellular simple trichome which is unbranched and cystolith commonly present at the bases of the trichome surrounded by 1-3 layeres of subsidiary cells (Asperugo procumbens, Heliotropium ellipticum), c) multicellular, which trichome is extremely large (O. microcarpum), and d) glandular, multicellular trichome consists of two or three stalk cells, and a terminal more or less spherical gland cell (Symphytum asperum). The function of trichome within Boraginaceae is also evaluated in this study. Rough trichome such as cystolith-like trichome in above-mentioned species, decreases air movement on the leaf surface and creates a zone of still air through which water vapor diffuses when moving from the leaf interior to the relatively dry air of the surrounding atmosphere. This is also avoiding transpiration losses by influencing the water diffusion boundary layer of the transpiring leaf surface. It is well known that plants from dry habitats possess progressively more pubescent leaves or densely covered with trichome (Onosma dichroanthum and O. microcarpum). In addition to directly influencing transpiration, trichomes may also indirectly influence water economy of plants through temperature regulation.
    Keywords: Boraginaceae, Trichome, Cystolith, Adaptation, Arid area
  • F.Attar, M.R.Joharchi Page 111
    Onosma khorassanica is described from Khorasan Province and compared with its related taxon. Its illustration is also presented herewith.
    Keywords: Onosma, New species, Iran
  • A.Polatscher Page 115
    For Erysimum sisymbrioides from Iran, the chromosome number 2n=10 is stated. The base number x=5 has been found for the first time within the genus Erysimum. Another count for E. sisymbrioides from Afghanistan shows 2n=18. It is not possible to distinguish these collections morphologically. For E. griffithianum 2n=16 is stated for the first time and for E. repandum 2n=16 is confirmed.
    Keywords: Flora of Iran, Cruciferae, Erysimum, E. griffithianum, E. repandum, E. sisymbrioides, E. huber, morathii, Chromosome counts, Chromosome base number
  • F.O.Khassanov, J.Noroozi, H.Akhani Page 119
    Allium autumniflorum F.O. Khass. & Akhani and A. tuchalense F.O. Khass. & Noroozi are described as new species from Iran. The first species was collected in rocky habitat from N.E. Iran near Maraveh Tappeh (Golestan Province). The affinity of the species is not clear and because of extending of leaf sheath to the umbel, probably belongs to sect. Longivaginata. The second species was collected from alpine and subnival meadows of the Tuchal mountains in N. Tehran. It belongs to subgen. Allium, sect. Pallasia (Tzag.) F.O. Khass., R.M. Fritsch et N. Friesen. The habitat and phytogeographical importance of both species are discussed with their living images and distribution map.
    Keywords: New records, Allium, Alliaceae, Iran
  • M.R.Joharchi, H.Akhani Page 131
    Based on recent collections from different parts of Golestan Province and former Khorasan Province (now splits into three smaller provinces), following species are reported for the first time from Iran: Acanthophyllum kandaharicum Gilli, A. stenostegium Freyn, Anemone tschernjaewii Regel, Cephalorrhynchus picridiformis (Boiss.) Tuisl., Elatine hydropiper L., Gaillonia dubia Aitch. & Hemsl., Pseudosedum longidentatum Boriss., and Scrophularia nikitinii Gorschk. Furthermore the occurrence of Leptaleum hamatum Hemsl. & Lace in Iran is confirmed. Notes are given on the taxonomy and distribution of most species and a line drawing illustration is provided for Cephalorrhynchus picridiformis and Scrophularia nikitinii.
    Keywords: Flora of Iran, Golestan, Khorasan, Acanthophyllum, Anemone, Cephalorrhynchus, Elatine, Gaillonia, Leptaleum, Pseudosedum, Scrophularia
  • V.Mozaffarian Page 143
    During my study between 2003-2006 on the Flora of Ilam Province (S.W. Iran), I visited about 134 localities from early spring to late autumns and have collected 980 species from the province. The species belong to 91 families. There are Compositae and Papilinaceae as the two large families among the 91 families. During my work gething acquinted with various climatic condition in the province, based on physiognomies, ecological and floristic criteria, Ilam Province is divided into two main parts: 1) Nobo-Sindian Province, and 2) Kurdo-Zagrosina Province. Each of the above two parts is further divided into four subdivisions. The determinated plants species are introduced in each division and subdivision. The mentioned plants list shows variations of climatic and floristic criteria in the province. The great work of collecting and determinating of plants species in Ilam Province is dedicated to late Prof. Dr. K.H. Rechinger due to his extraordinary attempt to introduce Iranian plants species in Flora Iranica as his eternal work.
    Keywords: Ilam, Iran, Vegetation
  • A.A.Maassoumi, V.Mozaffarian Page 153
    Ilam Province (S.W. Iran), with rich vegetation were investigated. In this research, 35 distinct species of the genus Astragalus were carefully identified. A new species, namely, A. heinzianus is described for the first time in the honour of late Prof. Dr. K.H. Rechinger for his long term effort and investigation on Flora Iranica.
    Keywords: Astragalus, Ornithopodium, Ilam, Iran
  • S.B.Djavadi, F.Attar, M.Eskandari Page 165
    Two new species of Cousinia, C. taybadensis and C. khorasanica, collected from Khorasan province in eastern Iran are described, mapped and illustrated. C. taybadensis can not be exactly assigned to any of the known sections, whereas, C. khorasanica belongs to sect. leiocaules Bunge due to its morpholofical characters discussed in the paper.
    Keywords: Cousinia, Asteraceae, Khorasan, Iran
  • S.Kazem, Pour Osaloo, M.Kazemi Nooreini, A.A.Maassoumi, E.Rastegar Pouyani Page 177
    This study represents molecular phylogenetic status of the monotypic genus Oreophysa on the basis of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S region sequences (nrDNA ITS) and the cpDNA trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences (cpDNA trnL-F) for the first time. A total of 23 and 21 ingroup taxa and two Caragana species as outgroups, all belonging to the tribe Galegeae, were analyzed for nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL/F sequences, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analyses of each dataset separately and in combination, using maximum parsimony method, revealed that Oreophysa microphylla is a member of Coluteoid clade and in turn nested among two/three sampled Colutea species as allied with C. persica. Based on these data, Oreophysa microphylla was synonymized with Colutea (sect. Oreophysa) triphylla.
    Keywords: Fabaceae, nrDNA, ITS, Oreophysa, phylogeny, cpDNA trnL, F
  • R.M.Fritsch, M.Abbasi, M.Keusgen Page 189
    During field-work in several provinces of northern Iran, wild Allium species were collected and shown to the local population. These people were interviewed about name, use, and mode of application of the plants shown. All data were compiled in an electronic database, and the collected plants were planted in a living Allium collection in Tehran. In total, 18 wild species were reported to be used as vegetable, spice, and/or medicinal plants which belong to the subgenera Allium (five species), Amerallium (one species), Cepa (two species), Nectaroscordum (one species), and Melanocrommyum (nine species). Thirteen species were reported to be used as vegetable, six species as medicinal plants, and five species as spices (multiple uses of six species). Occurrence, taxonomic characters, and specific use of all species were discussed.
    Keywords: Allium, Useful plants, Vegetable, Spice, Medicinal plants, Wild plants, Folk's names
  • F.Ghahremaninejad, M.Joharchi, M.Aydani Page 207
    Asperula oppositifolia ssp. rechingeri is described from Khorasan Province, Iran. Asperula oppositifolia comprises six subspecies mainly distributed in E. Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle Asia. Describing these taxa from Iran, shows the extent of diversity of this species in Iran. Morphological evidence supports taxonomic position of these taxa in A. oppositifolia, and the subspecies appears to be most closely related to subsp pseudo-cynanchica Ehrend.
    Keywords: Asperula oppositifolia, Iran, New taxon, Khorasan
  • F.Ehrendorfer Page 213
    A biogeographical analysis of the Angiosperm family Rubiaceae in S.W. Aisa is presented. This analysis is based on the treatment of 20 genera with 152 species and numerous subspecies in vol. 176 of “Flora Iranica” and other relevant literature. In the territory of this flora 32.9% of the Rubiaceae species are endemic. According to their center of distribution all species of the family are placed into phytogeographical groups: Oriental-Turanian (54.6%), Hyrcanian + temperate Eurasian + N. Hemisphere (18.4%), Himalayan and Sino-Japanese (9.9%), Mediterranean (9.2%) and Paleotropic and Saharo-Sindian (7.9%). Relevant biogeographical problems, aspects of morphological and ecological diversification as well as questions of evolution, phylogeny and taxonomy are discussed in greater detail in the following chapters: Paleotropical and Himalayan relationships, old and recent links with the Mediterranean, the Oriental-Turanian region as a center of diversification, the Hyrcanian Province and contacts with the N. Hemisphere.
    Keywords: Biogeography, Rubiaceae, S.W. Asia, Flora Iranica, Iran
  • Sh.Zarre, D.Podlech Page 227
    One hundred and seventy six taxa of the genus Astragalus or from genera belonging to it are typified here.
    Keywords: Typification, Astragalus, Rhacophorus, Fabaceae
  • R.M.Fritsch_Y.Salmaki_Sh . Zarre_M. Joharchi Page 255
    After a short review on taxonomic contributions to Iranian Allium species after "Flora Iranica" (1971), Allium longipapillatum R.M. Fritsch & Matin, A. montelburzense R.M. Fritsch, Y. Salmaki & SH. Zarre, and A. kuhsorkhense R.M. Fritsch & Joharchi were newly described. Allium fuscoviolaceum Fomin and A. moschatum L. were newly recorded for Iran, and the occurrence of A. lamondiae Wendelbo was confirmed. Descriptions and maps of distribution were given for all these species including a diagnostic key for the A. capitellatum Boiss. alliance. Morphological characters of sect. Pseudoprason Wendelbo were discussed and supplemented by a key for Allium species having tepals with more than one midvein.
    Keywords: Allium, Iran, Taxonomy, Classification, Distribution, Description
  • Z.Jamzad, R.Abbas Azimi, M.Dehghan Page 283
    Pollen of 23 Iranian species of Salvia and Zhumeria were studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The staminal structure and floral morphology were examined and compared with palynological data. Pollen in all examined species is hexacolpate isopolar, oblate spheroidal (P/E=0.88-0.99 μm),suboblate (P/E=0.75-0.87 μm) or prolate spherioidal (P/E=1.01-1.02 μm). In polar view two of the mesocolpia are larger than the remaining four. Exine has different ornamentations in apocolpium and mesocolpium. Exine is bireticulate or reticulate perforate. With a few exceptions, three different pollen types could be recognized in Salvia which corresponds with the following three different stamen types: Type I includes species with lower fertile thecae. Pollen exine of this type is bireticulate, lumen with equal size perforations. Type II includes species with sterile dolabriform lower thecae usually connected to each other. Pollen exine of this type is bireticulate, lumen with one or two prominently large perforations. Type III includes species with completely aborted lower thecae. Pollen exine of this type is reticulate perforate, lumen with equal size perforations. In Zhumeria majdae pollen is hexacolpate with two larger mesocolpia, exine is bireticulate, lumen with equal size perforations. Pollen shape and exine ornamentation in Zhumeria is similar to Salvia Type I.
    Keywords: Pollen morphology, Staminal structure, Salvia, Zhumeria, Lamiaceae
  • B.Ertter, F.Attar Page 299
    As a summary of independent investigations by multiple authors, numerous updates are now required for the 1969 treatments of Potentilleae (Rosaceae) in "Flora Iranica". Following the convergence of morphology-based conclusions by Soják and molecular phylogenetic analysis by ERIKSSON et al., several sections of Potentilla L. are now treated as segregate genera. Potentilla sect. Fruticosae (Th. Wolf) Gross. becomes Dasiphora Raf., with D. dryadanthoides Juz. replacing P. phyllocalyx (Juz. Schiman-Czeika. Potentilla sect. Bifurcae (Th. Wolf) Grossh. becomes Schistophyllidium (Juz. ex Fed.) Ikonn., with the single species S. bifurcum (L.) Ikonn. replacing P. bifurca L. Potentilla sect. Xylorhizae (Th. Wolf) Schiman- Czeika becomes Tylosperma Botsch, encompassing P. lignosa Willd. (as T. lignosa [Willd.] Botsch.) and P. sericophylla Parker (combination in Tylosperma ined.). Potentilla sect. Rupestres (Th. Wolf) Grossh. becomes Drymocallis Fourr. ex Rydb., with D. poteriifolia (Boiss) Soják replacing P. poteriifolia Boiss. Two other species of Drymocallis are added to the flora: D. rupestris (L.) Soják and D. schiraziana (Khat.) Ertter & Attar, the latter a new combination provided for P. schiraziana Khat. In addition, Comarum salesovianum (Stephan) Bunge is replaced by Farinopsis salesoviana (Stephan) Chrtek & Soják. Additions to Potentilla s.s. include P. discipulorum Davis, P. virgata Lehm., P. alexeenkoi Lipsky, P. agrimonioides M.-Bieb., P. bactriana Soják, P. parmirica Th. Wolf, P. pamiroalaica Juz., P. gorganica Soják, P. laciniosa Waldst. & Kit. ex Nestl., P. botschantzeviana T.A. Adylov, P. ghazniensis Soják, P. porphyrantha Juz., P. algida Soják, P. doubjonneana Cambess., P. crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch, and P. adenophylla Boiss. & Hohenack. Among other changes are the inclusion of P. straussii Bornm. within P. speciosa Willd., P. canescens Besser within P. inclinata Villars., P. gilanica Th. Wolf and P. adsharica Sommier & Levier within P. divaricata DC., and P. cryptophila Bornm. within P. petraea Willd. The inclusion of P. argyrophylla Wall. ex Lehm., P. hirta L., and P. tephroleuca Th. Wolf in Flora Iranica is probably erroneous and based on other species.
    Keywords: Potentilla, tribe Potentilleae, Taxonomical changes, Rosaceae, Iran
  • F.Attar, Ghahreman Page 315
    The name of sect. Cynaroideae Bunge is corrected to sect. Cynaroides Bunge. Cousinia caroli-henrici is described and illustrated as a new species from sect. Cynaroides Bunge. The following species are synonymed: C. albicaulis Boiss. & Bhuse and C. sabzevarensis Rech. f. with C. onopordioides Ledeb., C. pichleriana Bornm. ex Rech. f. with C. ecbatanensis Bornm. and C. fursei Rech. f. with C. pergamacea Boiss. & Hausskn. A complete description of sect. Cynaroides is given. Distribution patterns, diversity centers and distribution map of sect. Cynaroides are presnted in Iran (Maps 1-36). Also the check list of species, synonyms and endemics of section are given.
    Keywords: Cynaroides, Cousinia, Compositae, Diversity
  • G.Wagenitz Page 343
    A taxonomic revision of the genus Centaurea L. and the closely allied Cyanus Mill. and Stizolophus Cass. for the Iraq is presented. Centaurea has 40, Cyanus three and Stizolophus two species in the area. Keys, synonymies with indication of types, descriptions and lists of specimens for the rare species seen are provided.
    Keywords: Taxonomic revision, Centaurea, Cyanus, Stizolophus, Compositae, Asteraceae, Iraq
  • H.W.Lack Page 395