فهرست مطالب

Reproductive BioMedicine - Volume:5 Issue: 3, Feb 2007

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Feb 2007

  • 48 صفحه،
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1386/05/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Nayernia K., Lee J., Engel W., Nolte J., Drusenheimer N., Rathsack K. Et At Page 41

    Germline and somatic stem cells are distinct types of stem cells that are dedicated to reproduction and somatic tissue regeneration, respectively. Germline stem cells (GSCs), which can self-renew and generate gametes, are unique stem cells in that they are solely dedicated to transmit genetic information from generation to generation. We developed a strategy for the establishment of germline stem cell lines from embryonic stem cells (ES). These cells are able to undergo meiosis, generate haploid male gametes in vitro and are functional, as shown by fertilization after intra-cytoplasmic injection into mouse oocytes. In other approach, we show that bone marrow stem (BMS) cells are able to trans-differentiate into male germ cells. BMS cell-derived germ cells expressed the known molecular markers of primordial germ cells. The ability to derive male germ cells from ES and BMS cells reveals novel aspects of germ cell development and opens the possibilities for use of these cells in reproductive medicine. Conversely, we showed that adult male germline stem cells, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), can be converted into embryonic stem cell like cells which can differentiate into the somatic stem cells of three germ layers. Understanding how SSC can give rise to pluripotent stem cells and how somatic stem cells differentiate into germ cells could give significant insights into the regulation of developmental totipotency as well as having important implications for male fertility and regenerative medicine.

    Keywords: Stem cells, Germ cells, Bone Marrow stem cells, Spermatognial stem cells
  • Bakhtiari M., Sobhani A., Akbari M., Pasbakhsh P., Abbasi M. Hedayatpoor A., Amidi F., Sargoizaei F Page 45
    Background

    Various approaches have been used in the attempts to improve the quality of frozen–thawed mouse sperms. According to literatures, it seems that hyaluronic acid (HA) has an important role on the permeability and motility of sperms and their interaction with gametes.

    Objective

    For evaluation of HA supplementation on sperm characteristics and fertilization capability, we investigated the effect of different doses of HA on mouse sperm morphology, motility, vitality and fertilization capability after freezing and thawing.

    Materials And Methods

    The cauda epididymes was removed from 6 male mice with aseptic method. The sperm samples were frozen in 1.8 ml cryotubes with 18% raffinose and 3% skimmed milk containing cryo-protectant solution. HA at the concentration of 750, 1000 or 1250 µg/ml was supplemented to frozen-thawed sperms. Sperm motility was measured with microscope, and fertilization rate was evaluated after routine IVF by counting the fertilized oocytes. For sperm morphology, papaniclau staining was used while; Eosin B was used for the assessment of sperm viability rate.

    Results

    HA supplementation (750 µg/ml) improved motility parameters (p < 0.05) and increased the fertility rate (p < 0.05). The effect of 1,000 µg/ml HA was also positive on the sperms. But 1,250 µg/ml HA had negative effect on above mentioned characteristic. On the other hand, none of these doses had any effect on sperm morphology.

    Conclusion

    The dose of 750 µg/ml of HA has the greatest effect on the motility, vitality and fertility rate of sperms after cryopreservation.

    Keywords: Hyaluronic acid (HA), Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilization (IVF), Sperm parameters
  • Moein M., Dehghani V. O, Tabibnejad N., Vahidi S Page 51
    Background

    Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are a group of free radicals that in excessive amounts have negative influence on sperm quality and function.

    Objective

    We compared ROS levels in seminal plasma of infertile men with this level in healthy donors. We also determined the ROS level in semen of infertile men according to the etiology of infertility, and also the effect of smoking on its level.

    Materials And Methods

    In total, 63 infertile patients and 63 healthy donors as control were selected. Complete physical examination, semen analysis, scrotal sonography and hormone assay were done for all patients. Azoospermic patients were excluded from the study. ROS level in semen was measured by chemiluminescence assay in both groups. Patients also were divided in two groups according to the etiology of infertility.

    Results

    The mean age of normal subjects and infertile men were 30.78±3.73 years and 31.43±6.60 years respectively. The mean ROS level in normal men was 180.05 RLU (Relative light unit), while this was 1852.04 RLU in infertile patients, which is significantly higher in case group (p=0.000). Fifty patients had varicocele and in 13 patients no specific etiology was found. The mean ROS level in varicocele patients was 2215.42 RLU and in unknown group was 454.44 RLU (p=0.048).

    Conclusion

    Our study showed that the level of ROS in seminal fluid of infertile men is significantly higher than fertile donors and also in infertile patients with varicocele it is higher than patients with unknown cause.

    Keywords: Male infertility, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Varicocele, Smoking
  • Ayaty S., Vahid Roudsari F., Tavassoly F. Page 57
    Background

    CA-125 is a glycoprotein and its origin is uncertain during pregnancy. It arises during the first trimester and return to a non-pregnancy range in late pregnancy.

    Objective

    The aim of this study was to compare CA-125 level in threatened abortion and normal pregnancy less than 20 weeks of pregnancy.

    Materials And Methods

    This was a prospective case study carried out on 50 healthy pregnant (group 1) and 50 threatened abortion women (group 2). We compared the levels of CA-125 in these groups and followed them to be informed of the outcome of pregnancy.

    Results

    Fifty percent of women were in 20-24 years old group, primigravida and in the first trimester of pregnancy. The mean level of CA-125 in group 1 was 26.2 ± 3.25 IU/ml and in group 2 was 37.44 ± 2.72 IU/ml. The mean level of CA-125 in finally aborted patients was 58.17±7.25 IU/ml and in normal pregnant women, who continue to term, was 26.61±1.76 IU/ml. The CA-125 level in threatened women,whose pregnancy continued and did not abort, was 30.89 IU/ml. There was statistically significant difference between mean serum CA-125 levels of two groups (p < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between these levels in the patients of both groups who continued pregnancies (p > 0.1). In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the level of CA-125 between those who developed abortion and those whose pregnancy continued but not aborted (p < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Measurement of serum CA-125 may be an inexpensive, easily available, sensitive and specific predictor of outcome in threatened abortion, which results the loss of pregnancy.

    Keywords: : CA-125, Pregnancy, Abortion, Threatened abortion
  • Allameh T., Mohammadizadeh F Page 61
    Background

    According to age, history and physical examination findings, there are different diagnoses including anatomic lesions for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). In these conditions, hysteroscopy can be performed as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.

    Objective

    The aim of this study was defining the diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in evaluating uterine cavity in patients with AUB compared to pathologic findings.

    Materials And Methods

    This was a prospective descriptive-analytic study in which hysteroscopy was performed for 105 patients with AUB. The patients were in reproductive and perimenopausal (86.7%) or postmenopausal ages (13.3%).Hysteroscopy was done and biopsy was taken from any pathology. After removing of hysteroscope, dilatation and curettage were done. Both samples were sent for pathologist. At the end, reports of hysteroscopic findings were compared with pathologic results.

    Results

    Diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in evaluation of uterine cavity showed 100% sensitivity, 80.5% specificity, 88.9% positive predictive value (PPV) and 100% negative predictive value (NPV). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the procedure for endometrial polyp were 93%, 100%, 100%, and 95.4%, respectively. These results were respectively 100%, 96.4%, 88% and 100% for submucosal myoma, and 25%, 89.7%, 12.5% and 93.3% for endometrial hyperplasia.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study show that hysteroscopy is a reliable method for evaluation of AUB, especially in benign lesions such as endometrial polyp and submucosal myoma and it can be used as the first line diagnostic method for these abnormalities. However hysteroscopy without directed biopsy has insufficient value for diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia.

    Keywords: Hysteroscopy, AUB, Endometrial polyp, Submucosal myoma
  • Shahrokh Tehrani Nejad E., Moini A., Amirchaghmaghi E., Hossein Rashidi B., Jaberi Pour P., Azimi Nekoe Page 65
    Background

    Although the uterine fibroids are common, their influence on fertility remains controversial. The association of submucosal fibroid with subfertility is well recognized, but debate persists as to whether intramural fibroids can cause infertility and the evidence for its effect on pregnancy in cycles of assisted conception remains unclear.

    Objective

    The purpose of present study was to determine the effect of intramural fibroids less than 6 cm not compressing uterine cavity on the outcome of ART cycles in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles.

    Materials And Methods

    In this prospective cohort study, 94 women with uterine intramural fibroids and 184 controls referred to Royan Institute between 2001 and 2002 were enrolled. The intramural fibroids and their location were detected by transvaginal ultrasound performed just before the ART cycle. All patients underwent long standard GnRH agonist protocol. Student t-test and Chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis.

    Results

    The mean age of patients was 33.9 ±3.37 years in myoma group (n=94) and 33.28 ±3.59 years in control group (n=184). The total dose of gonadotropin used, estradiol level on day of hCG administration, the number of metaphase II oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, number and quality of embryos developed and transferred, the clinical pregnancy and abortion rates were similar in two groups.

    Conclusion

    The presence of intramural fibroids less than 6 cm not compressing endometrial cavity does not adversely affect clinical pregnancy rate in patients undergoing IVF or ICSI.

    Keywords: Intramural myomas, In vitro fertilization (IVF), Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
  • Sohrabi D., Alipour M., Awsat Mellati A Page 69

    Metronidazole and its derivatives have both antiprotozoal and anti bacterial effects. The reproductive toxicity of metronidazole has been observed in some studies. The aim of this study was to determine the detrimental effects of metronidazole on spermatogenesis and testicular androgenesis in male adult rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats (70-90 days old) were randomly divided into three groups. Animals in group I (Control group) were administered with the water only. Animals in groups II and III were administered with metronidazol at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for 60 days. Quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis was carried out by counting the relative number of each variety of germ-cells at the stage VII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, i.e. type-A spermatogonia (ASg), pre-leptotene spermatocytes (pLSc), and step 7 spermatids (7Sd). Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In groups II and III, there was a significant decrease in the testes, accessory sex organ weights, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone with massive degeneration of all the germ cells at stage VII. Our data concluded that metronidazole has a suppressive influence on spermatogenesis and sex hormones in rats.

    Keywords: Metronidazole, Spermatogenesis, Gonadotrophins, Testosterone
  • Eslami Z., Sheikhha Mh, Kalantar Sm, Seyedhasani Sm Page 73
    Background

    Carriers of translocations may have an increased risk of an unbalanced progeny due to imbalances and delays in meiosis.Case: A 24-year-old pregnant Iranian female was referred to the Genetic Department of Yazd Clinical and Research Centre for Infertility because of her pregnancy history. She had three previous pregnancies, two of which ended in abortion. The one live born infant was a girl who had multiple abnormalities and died when she was 11 days old. The cytogenetic analysis showed that the woman is a carrier of chromosomal translocation 46, XX, t (3; 22) (q21; q12), while her husband’s karyotype was found to be normal. The karyotype of her mother showed the same translocation. The risk of further miscarriages was high, and the proband was monitored closely during her pregnancy. After nine months of pregnancy, a normal baby girl weighted 3460 gr was delivered by Caesarean section. Three hours after birth, the baby suffered from jaundice and respiratory distress. The baby’s phenotype was normal. She received routine treatment successfully and after 15 days she was discharged from the hospital in a good condition. The baby’s karyotype showed the same translocation as her mother and grandmother.

    Conclusion

    To our knowledge, no translocation with such breakpoints t (3; 22) (q21; q12) has been described previously in the women with RPL.

    Keywords: t(3, 22), Karyotype, Miscarriage, Translocation
  • Ragab Shalaby Ah Page 77
    Background

    Carcinoma of the fallopian tube is extremely uncommon neoplasm, accounting for only 0.3% of gynecologic cancers.

    Case: 

    A 17-year-old female patient presented with clinical symptoms of right side deep pelvic pain. Ultrasound examination reveals right adenxal mass with breakdown suggesting neoplastic lesion or tubo-ovarian abscess. She was diagnosed clinically as tubo-ovarian mass for histopathological verification of its nature and prepared for surgery. There was a large soft tissue lesion arising in the middle of the right fallopian tube. Histopathological analysis of the specimen revealed neoplastic growth formed of malignant glands and acini of endometrioid pattern.

    Conclusion

    Most tubal endometrioid carcinomas resemble the endometrial counterpart histologically. Involvement of tubal serosa, of the ovary or corpus uteri or other pelvic and abdominal structures indicate a poor prognosis.

    Keywords: Endometrial carcinoma, Fallopian tube, Gynecological cancers