نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 32، زمستان 1386)

Iranian concrete state that was established by Safavid owed its existence to cumulative that had created on the bases of religious beliefs and thoughts. In fact safavid Sheikhs and trained some followers for themselves during many years that they were ready to support Skeikhs humbly. Safavid again established Iranian identity some centuries after Sassanian Emperor that Shah Esmail was leading them and their political slogan and aim was foundation of Shiite in the Iranian culture and arranging all Iranian tribes. Regarding to newly founded structure of Safavid State and also its sensitive position and geopolitical weight, it had operation ability against its challengers and also it was so impressed. Safavid State geopolitical situation made them to enter to global and regional competitions so that even European States tried to have political relation with Safavid State in order to reduce Ottoman Empire on them. This essay by studying and surveying on Safavid monastery and dynasty and considering political geography of the Safavid State and studying on its essence and geopolitical analysis about foreign relation tries to answer this question that the role of Safavid State in creating and stabilizing of Iranian answer this question that the role of Safavid State in vreating and stabilizing of Iranian identity affected from what factors?

Identity has a unique and contentious place in social and political theory. On the one hand it is a concept which embodies our sense of uniqueness as individual beings and as members of groups sharing values and beliefs. On the other it is an intensely political field in which the expansion of critical theory has allowed the emergence of competing voices demanding space for recognition of fragile and previously often fugitive and unspoken subjectivies. Challenges to the grand narratives of modernity have begun to dattach identity from the moorings of a stable social consensus, drifting to the new, ambiguous, and hybrid forms. The main attempt of this thesis is to consider on and analyzing of the important question over-existing in the Iranian mind: Iran’s identity encountering the modernity. The main question of intellectual and elites of Iran in Constitution revolution period is how we can attempt to Iranian identity facing with the basic challenges of modernity.

The problm of Irans backwardness preoccupied the minds of intellectuals and political forces. Since Irans failure from Russia while different domestic and external factors caused to defeat, different and even contending views concerning Irans backwardness played a key role in these failures. These diverse and contending views which arised at first in compilation of laws and establishment of civic and political institutions, after the constitutional revolution, caused a major challenge between tradition and modernity. In this regard, different intellectual trends which appeared immediately after the constitutional revolution and kept their structure till present, can be categorized in three items including: consisting liberal democracy, social democracy and Marxism. This article examines these categories and explains their response to the issue of modernity and backwardness.

The aim of the present research is to study the manner of creation and expansion of historical and cultural ties of Iran and Egypt. For this reason, the study has focused on the religious, architectural as well as intellectual-cultural behaviors of these two countries. The research methodology is based on primary and secondary sources accumulated from different libraries. The result of this case study shows that the most important reason for the increase of social relationships between Iran and Egypt has been cultural cooperation and mutual respect to their religions in the past. After the emergence of Islam, too, gradual influence of religion and presence of Iranian architects in the major building constructions as well as presence of thinkers and newspaper publications during the last two centuries have caused the expansion of cultural connections between Iran and Egypt. With due attention to the fact that each of these two countries are counted as important Islamic societies in the world, promotion of political and economic relationships would lead to the extension of socio-cultural cooperation, as well.

The globalization concept has become one of the major problems of human society in the new era, that caused people live in a new social and cultural dimension called global dimension. Since the youth are more involved in the cultural interactions with other societies, this dimension of life has become more prominent among them. Thanks to the highly developed and efficient communication technologies as well as the separation of place from space and time, the cultural globalization phenomenon provides the opportunity for the formation of social life in a very broader space. In other words, cultural globalization leads to the formation and expansion of a specific culture in the global arena. This process leads to a surge of cultural similarity in the world, which challenges all the specific cultures. While forming global economics and an inter-national society, globalization creates a global culture too. In this article, the youth attitudes- pro, con, and active (moderate) - toward global culture, as well as their relation with factors such as individual and family characters, and satisfaction with country, have been studied. The theortical framework of this study is based on the Anthony Giddens; using his Structuration theory, some factors influencing on the youth’s attitude toward global culture have been addressed. The results indicate that there is a direct and strong relation between the youth’s attitude toward global culture and individual and family characters, as well as the satisfaction with the country. While the last explains the attitude towards global culture more than other factors

Turkemans is one of the ethnic groups who live in north east of Iran. The majority of them lives in Golestan and North Khorasan Provinces. About half of Golestan province population is Turkemans. At first, we try to measure national identity tendency among them. Second step is to measure ethnic identity among Turkemans. The main question of the essay is: "is there any relationship between national identity tendency and ethnic identity tendency among the Turkemans? For this aim, we made Likert Scale to measure those tendencies. 385 samples were chosen from five cities (150 samples from GonbadeKavoss, 100 from Bandar Turkeman, 65 from Aghghala, 45 from Kalaleh and 25 from Maraveh Tappeh) randomly. The indicators concerning the national identity are divided in to four dimensions: ancient cultural heritage, language, motherland and national history. The ethnic identity tendency is measured by the above dimensions. The results of the essay show that the Iranin Turkeman ’s ethnic identity tendency is higher than their national identity tendency. The correlation between their nation at identity tendency and ethnic identity tendency is .55 (Rxy =0/55).